Chronology

Two classrooms are added to the south wing of Cedar Grove School

The two classrooms at the south end of the original wing, built to Archie Royal Davis's plans on bids taken in fall 1959, were finished by September 6, 1960, when the board inspected them with Davis and contractor Lindsay Fogelman.

People: Archie Royal Davis

Subject: Cedar Grove schools

The Dickson house near Hillsborough is left empty when its last tenant moves out

The last tenant left the Dickson house, General Johnston's headquarters in 1865, and the house owned by Mary R. Few stood vacant beside the new Interstate 85 interchange. In March 1961 the News of Orange reported it crumbling while a motel site next door was offered for sale.

Subject: Alexander Dickson House (Johnston’s headquarters)

The university's attorney finds the trustees never deeded the cemetery to the town

In a letter of November 11, 1960 to J. A. Branch of the university business office, university attorney J. A. Williams reported no sign that the trustees had ever conveyed title to the cemetery land to Chapel Hill.

Subject: Old Chapel Hill Cemetery

Governor Luther Hodges accepts the Knapp Building for the state at its dedication

A four-day dedication of the Institute of Government's headquarters, for which officials were invited by congressional district and the Kughler murals were unveiled, closed with Governor Hodges accepting the million-dollar building on behalf of the state. Senator Sam J. Ervin Jr. stayed for the whole program.

People: Albert Coates

Subject: Institute of Government

James Freeland opens his rebuilt Holiday Ice Rink beside the General Johnston Motel

James Freeland opened a new 65 by 180 foot Holiday Ice Rink on US 70 three miles west of Durham, replacing a rink whose roof had caved in under snow the winter before. It stood next to his new General Johnston Motel.

People: James J. Freeland

Subject: General Johnston Motel and General Sherman Restaurant

Aycock suspends a basketball player in the betting scandal and makes Dean Smith head coach

After the player Doug Moe accepted $75 from a gambler in 1961, Chancellor Aycock suspended him and said the integrity of the institution was involved. Aycock then raised assistant coach Dean Smith to head coach.

People: Dean Smith

Bowman Gray Jr. gives the university his world-war collection

Bowman Gray Jr. of Winston-Salem gave the University of North Carolina his collection of correspondence, clippings, pamphlets and propaganda on the First and Second World Wars, the first of the war collections he gave the university in the 1960s.

Carrboro Elementary School enrolls its first Black pupils

Eight Black first graders were assigned to Carrboro Elementary under the 1961 zoning map, the school Stanley Vickers had been refused two years earlier. All but two requested and received transfers back to the Black school, so two Black children enrolled at Carrboro that fall.

People: Stanley Vickers

Subject: Carrboro Elementary School

Chapel Hill assigns first graders by residence zone and becomes the first North Carolina district with no all-white school

A school board elected on a desegregation platform took office on July 1, 1961 and adopted a single first-grade attendance map, assigning 24 Black children to Glenwood, 10 to Estes Hills and 8 to Carrboro Elementary after the zones were redrawn to reduce Carrboro's share. When school opened, every school in the district had at least one Black pupil for the first time in the state's history, and no incidents were reported.

Subject: Carrboro Elementary School · Glenwood Elementary School

Church and student groups picket Chapel Hill's Varsity Theatre

Local church groups and student organizations picketed the Varsity Theatre after Black patrons were refused entry. Later that year the management agreed to admit Black UNC students with ID, and the town's theaters were fully desegregated by early 1962.

Part of Chapel Hill freedom movement, 1960–1964 · 35 events

Subject: Varsity Theatre (the first Carolina Theatre)

Clara Jones is appointed a supervisor of the Orange County schools

Clara Jones, a Person County principal for twenty-seven years, joined the county staff as supervisor in 1961, assigned to the Cedar Grove, Efland-Cheeks and A. L. Stanback schools for Black children. After integration she ran special education testing and placement, and she retired in 1974.

Frank McGuire leaves UNC and Dean Smith succeeds him

McGuire left Chapel Hill in 1961 to coach the Philadelphia Warriors of the NBA. Dean Smith, who had joined his staff as an assistant in 1958, became head coach of the Tar Heels.

People: Dean Smith

Historian J. G. de Roulhac Hamilton is buried in the Old Chapel Hill Cemetery

J. G. de Roulhac Hamilton (1878-1961), the historian who built the Southern Historical Collection in the university library, was buried in the cemetery.

Subject: Old Chapel Hill Cemetery

James Freeland's General Sherman Restaurant opens at US 70 and Interstate 85

The General Sherman Restaurant, built by James Freeland across the highway from his General Johnston Motel, opened around the clock and was billed as Orange County's newest. It became a common place for Democratic Party dinners and club luncheons in the early 1960s.

People: James J. Freeland

Subject: General Johnston Motel and General Sherman Restaurant

Leo Eliadis closes his bus station grill and opens Leo's Restaurant on West Franklin Street

After a Duke student sat in the Black section of the Chapel Hill bus station grill in June 1961 and was arrested at Leo Eliadis's request, Eliadis shut the grill. By early September he had opened Leo's Restaurant on West Franklin Street.

Mount Bright Baptist Church buys the Ellison lot and builds its first parsonage

Under its pastor Fred J. Boddie Jr. the congregation bought the Ellison home lot and put up its first parsonage there.

Subject: Mount Bright Baptist Church

Teacher Maude Faucette retires after a long career in elementary schools

Maude Faucette, the last of the family at the house on the Eno, taught elementary school, seventh grade above all, in Orange and Caswell counties and in Arkansas before retiring in 1961.

Subject: David Faucette House (The Elms)

The Field-Robbins House goes up on Timberly Drive

Doris and James Field built a Modernist house of contrasting materials and varied roof levels on their Timbercrest land in 1961 but lost it after defaulting on the mortgage. Dermatologist Jack Robbins and nurse Catherine Robbins bought it in August 1962, finished the interior and lived there the rest of their lives.

The Presbyterians build a larger church where the burned one stood

Three years after the 1958 fire, a new and bigger Presbyterian church went up on the old site on East Franklin Street.

Subject: University Presbyterian Church

The first Black students enter the formerly white Chapel Hill junior-senior high school on Franklin Street

For 1961-62 the board granted two of three Black applications to the white junior high school and later reassigned a fourth child who had moved into the district, while the federal court ordered Stanley Vickers admitted to the eighth grade there. Sheila Florence, who described herself as one of the first four Black students and who graduated from Chapel Hill High School on Franklin Street in 1965, was one of them, and Eugene Hines was another Black student in the school.

People: Stanley Vickers · Sheila Florence

Subject: Chapel Hill High School

The former Navy Hall becomes the Faculty Club

Because the Monogram Club building was again underused, the university turned it over to a Faculty Club in 1961.

Troy and Robin Andrews return to the farm and enlarge the old Lloyd log house

After Troy Andrews retired in 1961 and inherited the farm with his sister Nita, he and Robin moved back and renovated and enlarged the early nineteenth-century hewn log house built for the Lloyd family, living there while they planned their new house.

People: Roberta C. Andrews

Subject: Bolin Brook Farm (Troy and Roberta Andrews House)

UNC considers the Jordan Reservoir for its water and Okun argues for Cane Creek

While Okun was on sabbatical in 1961 the university began considering the Jordan Reservoir as a water source; on his return he persuaded the board that Cane Creek, which his students had studied in the 1950s, was the better site.

William Lanier Hunt gives 103 acres of the Morgan Creek gorge to UNC

Hunt gave UNC and the state about 103 acres of creek gorge and Catawba rhododendron bluffs along Morgan Creek, which became the William Lanier Hunt Arboretum, part of the North Carolina Botanical Garden lands.

Subject: North Carolina Botanical Garden

L. J. Phipps and Stanley Peele form a law partnership in Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill attorney L. J. Phipps took Stanley Peele, associated with him since he was admitted to the bar in 1959, into partnership.

Black parents at White Cross ask to send their children to White Cross School

The parents of 23 Black children living near White Cross applied to move them from the Hillsboro Negro elementary school, a long daily bus ride away, to the white school in their own community. Most of the children had gone to school in Chapel Hill until White Cross voters again turned down a merger with the Chapel Hill district in 1960.

Subject: White Cross School

The county school board refuses the White Cross transfer requests

The Orange County Board of Education turned down the Black families' request, saying no reassignment had been asked for within ten days of the parents being notified of their children's school.

Subject: White Cross School

UNC moves the Mitchell family graves from the campus to the Old Chapel Hill Cemetery

Four graves of Elisha Mitchell's infant sons and grandsons, in the old Mitchell garden near the center of campus, were exhumed under archaeologist Joffre Coe to make room for the expansion of the university's television and communications work. They were reburied in the Horace Williams plot in the Old Chapel Hill Cemetery with the Rev. Vance Barron officiating.

Subject: Old Chapel Hill Cemetery

Orange County's fourth ABC store opens at US 70 and Interstate 85

Orange County's fourth and largest ABC liquor store opened beside the General Sherman Restaurant, half a mile from the Durham County line. James Freeland built the colonial-style building and leased it to the county board; it was said to be the only ABC store in North Carolina on an interstate highway.

People: James J. Freeland

Subject: General Johnston Motel and General Sherman Restaurant

Kenan Oil Company buys A. J. Snipes Jr.'s oil business and brings Phillips 66 to Hillsboro

Kenan Oil Company of Durham, the Phillips 66 franchise holder, bought A. J. Snipes Jr.'s Esso distributorship on Highway 70, its first foothold in Hillsboro, and kept Snipes on as its local agent.

Floyd McKissick represents the White Cross children at a school board hearing

At a hearing on the transfers, the children were represented by Durham attorney Floyd McKissick; the county board denied them again, reading a statement it had prepared before the hearing began.

Subject: White Cross School

Carr's Super Market opens its new store across the street in Hillsboro

Carr's Super Market began a six-week grand opening of its new $250,000 store, five times the size of its old one across the street, with a terrazzo floor. Building began in April 1960, and Brodie Carr's son saw it through after his father had a stroke.

Subject: Carr’s Super Market

The school board's lawyer advises closing White Cross School rather than fight the case

A. H. Graham, attorney for the county board, told it the transfer fight could not be won and recommended shutting White Cross School instead.

People: Alexander H. "Sandy" Graham

Subject: White Cross School

Carrboro shows off its new town hall in the old Carrboro School

Several hundred people toured the renovated school at an open house. It now held the mayor's and clerk's offices, an auditorium, the public library, the police and fire departments with a jail, and National Guard quarters; the town had begun moving in that winter.

Subject: Carrboro Elementary School

The Hillsboro Savings and Loan Association opens its new downtown office

The association held a public open house with prize drawings at its new office on North Churton Street, the building later known as the Hillsborough Savings Bank. Its 1950 office stayed open as a second location.

People: Ira Ward

Subject: Hillsboro Building and Loan (Savings and Loan)

The county board votes to close White Cross School and send its white pupils to Hillsborough

Rather than admit the Black children, the Orange County school board decided to close White Cross School at the end of the school year and move its 75 white pupils to Cameron Park School in West Hillsboro, a step it tied to its ten-year building program.

Subject: White Cross School

Roosevelt Warner runs as the first Black candidate for Hillsboro's town board

Warner filed for one of the five seats on the Hillsboro Board of Commissioners, the first Black candidate to seek election in the town. In the May 2 election he finished last of the eight candidates with 180 votes; he won a seat on his second try in 1963.

McClamroch is sworn in as mayor and Joe Page is named to his aldermen seat

McClamroch and three re-elected aldermen, Adelaide Walters, Paul Wager and Hubert Robinson, were sworn in at the Monday night meeting of the Board of Aldermen by Recorder's Court Judge William Stewart. The board named businessman Joe Page to the unexpired two year aldermen's term McClamroch left on becoming mayor, and elected Mrs. Walters mayor pro tem.

People: Paul W. Wager · Hubert Robinson · Adelaide Walters

Sandy McClamroch is elected mayor of Chapel Hill without opposition

McClamroch ran unopposed for mayor in the May 1961 town election. Before the vote he took questions from residents at a public meeting at the Negro Community Center sponsored by the Chapel Hill Fellowship for School Integration and the Civic Club, and on a WUNC radio panel, saying he wanted to improve the town's public relations and would discuss merging Chapel Hill and Carrboro.

Subject: Hargraves Community Center · WUNC radio and television

Jones Grove dedicates a concrete-block church built by its own members

Congregants Otha Thompson and A. J. Breeze served as general contractors and Thomas Watkins supplied lumber for a front-gable concrete-block sanctuary paid for with members' gifts. The 1928 frame church to the west was torn down when it was done.

Subject: Jones Grove Missionary Baptist Church

R. D. Smith is named to a new Chapel Hill Planning Board

After the whole Planning Board resigned in June 1961 in protest at the aldermen's handling of its recommendations, the aldermen named five members of a new board, among them R. D. Smith, the vocational agriculture teacher at Lincoln High School. The county commissioners named the other five.

Chapel Hill church women ask the county for a welfare office in Chapel Hill

A group from the Chapel Hill Council of United Church Women, including Mildred Ringwalt, asked the Orange County commissioners for a branch welfare office in the Chapel Hill area with a caseworker at least two days a week, and offered volunteers. The acting welfare superintendent replied that lay volunteers could not do casework.

Workmen begin tearing down Dave Neville's old store at Main Street and the railroad

Dismantling began on the frame store at Main Street and the University Railroad tracks, known over the years as Dave Neville's general store, Partin's grocery and the Carrboro Feed and Seed Store. Owner Harvey Bennett took it down at the town board's informal request, since Carrboro's fire code barred prolonging the life of frame buildings downtown.

Federal court rules Chapel Hill denied Stanley Vickers a junior high transfer because of his race

Chief Judge Edwin M. Stanley of the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina held that the Chapel Hill City Board of Education had refused Vickers reassignment to all-white Chapel Hill Junior High School on account of race and that he was entitled to be admitted there for the 1961-62 school year. The suit had been filed on February 2, 1960 and tried on October 5, 1960.

People: Stanley Vickers

Subject: Chapel Hill and Carrboro city schools · Chapel Hill High School

The Railway Express Agency moves its office to East Main Street in Carrboro

The Chapel Hill express office moved into new quarters at 209 East Main Street in Carrboro, with room for customers to park. Its old building on North Columbia Street was coming down for the new Orange Savings and Loan office.

University National Bank of Chapel Hill becomes part of Central Carolina Bank

The University National Bank of Chapel Hill merged into the Durham Bank and Trust Company, which took the new name Central Carolina Bank and Trust Company. Both Chapel Hill offices reopened under the new name, with O. Gordon Perry as manager for Chapel Hill.

People: Oliver K. Cornwell

Joe Weatherly wins the first 150-miler at Orange Speedway

Joe Weatherly won the 150-mile race that closed the 1961 Grand National season at Orange Speedway, the first race of that length at the track, setting a lap record of 95.15 miles per hour and a race average of 86.11.

Part of Occoneechee Speedway, Hillsborough · 34 events

Subject: Occoneechee Speedway

Dud Walters reopens his old tavern as Dud's Fish House

J. Dud Walters and his wife reopened the former Dud's Tavern and Truck Stop after renovations as Dud's Fish House and Restaurant, serving fish and seafood with curb service and take-home orders.

Subject: Dud’s Tavern

Kenan Oil opens its new bulk plant and warehouse north of Hillsborough

Work began in September on a bulk plant and warehouse on the north side of Highway 70 behind the Phillips 66 station, and the company invited the public to inspect the finished plant and offices on Saturday, November 11.

Godfrey's Home Supply Store moves into a new building on Highway 70

E. W. "Booster" Godfrey opened a new, larger building for his hardware, clothing and household goods store next door to his old location on Highway 70 north of Hillsboro, with Esso gas out front.

Ruth Faison Shaw holds a finger-painting show in Chapel Hill

The Chapel Hill Weekly ran a page of photographs of a finger-painting show by Shaw, showing her at work and a display in a garden.

Student Peace Union symbols are painted on UNC's military buildings and the armory gun

In one of the first antiwar acts on campus, someone painted the Student Peace Union insignia on several military buildings and on the antiaircraft gun in front of the Naval Armory.

Albert Coates gives Chancellor Aycock a 158-page account of the Institute's past and needs

Using staff tallies of thirty years of Institute publications, training and finances, Coates wrote Chancellor William B. Aycock a long report on how the Institute began and grew and what it would need. It also argued for waiving the retirement rule in his case, and it became the core of his later published history of the Institute.

People: William B. Aycock

Subject: Institute of Government

Arthur Cogswell opens his own architecture firm in Chapel Hill

Arthur Cogswell, a UNC graduate of 1952 who trained in architecture at State College and spent the late 1950s in Don Stewart's office, opened his own Chapel Hill practice in 1962, designing flat-roofed, cantilevered houses in the spare manner he learned from George Matsumoto.

People: Arthur Cogswell · George Matsumoto

Belton Edwards becomes principal of Cedar Grove School

Belton Edwards, a South Carolina native and North Carolina A&T graduate, followed Harold Webb as principal in 1962 and stayed until 1968, when he became the first Black member of the Orange County Board of Education. George Pierce succeeded him at the school.

Subject: Cedar Grove schools

Beta Theta Pi builds a social hall annex and remodels its house

In 1962 the chapter put up a frame social hall behind the house, enclosed the porte cochere, raised the south wing to match the north wing, and replaced the main stair.

Subject: Beta Theta Pi Fraternity House

Binkley Baptist Church takes James Forbes as a student intern

Under Robert Seymour, Binkley Memorial Baptist Church accepted James A. Forbes Jr., a Black divinity student, as its intern in 1962.

Part of Binkley Baptist and the Community Church of Chapel Hill · 13 events

Failing roof trusses at the Naval Armory are replaced with steel

In 1962 three of the armory's wooden roof trusses failed from a design flaw and poor 1942 lumber, and scaffolding held up the drill hall roof; Clancy and Theys Construction swapped in steel trusses one at a time, finishing in 1963 at a cost of about $25,500.

Four high-rise dormitories go up on UNC's south campus

Between 1962 and 1967 the firm of Graves and Toy built Craig, Ehringhaus, Morrison and Hinton James, steel-framed residence towers faced in brick and grouped around Chase Hall at the south edge of campus. Open metal balconies on the back serve as hallways to the student suites.

Frederick Brooks gives a guest lecture at UNC

While working on IBM's System/360, Brooks visited UNC for an interview and a guest lecture, Ten Research Problems in Computer Science, which impressed the administration and led to the new department.

Julius Chambers graduates first in his class from the UNC School of Law

Chambers graduated first in his class from the University's School of Law in Chapel Hill in 1962. He went on to practice civil rights law in Charlotte.

Subject: UNC School of Law

Lillian Hughes Prince leaves funds to the Carolina Playmakers

Lillian Hughes Prince, who had acted in thirty or more Playmakers productions, left considerable funds to the Carolina Playmakers in her will. She died in New York and was buried in Chapel Hill Cemetery.

Subject: Carolina Playmakers · Old Chapel Hill Cemetery

Nate Davis moves from Northside Elementary to Chapel Hill Junior High

In 1962, after sixth grade at Northside Elementary, Davis went to Chapel Hill Junior High School on Franklin Street as one of the first Black students in the town's formerly white schools. Harassment kept him out of school for two or three months, and he later attended the new Chapel Hill High School when it opened.

Subject: Chapel Hill High School · Northside School

Quakers from the Chapel Hill and Durham meetings found Carolina Friends School

Members of the Chapel Hill and Durham Friends meetings founded Carolina Friends School as a purposely integrated school, beginning with early education programs in the two meeting houses. Mildred Ringwalt was one of the seven founders and the first clerk of its board of trustees.

Robert Burns and Brian Shawcroft design a house for Robert Work on Hillcrest Circle

Robert Burns and Brian Shawcroft designed the 1962 house at 214 Hillcrest Circle for the chemist Robert Work and his wife: two levels stepped into the hillside, a glazed rear wall, an elevated deck and a central open stair. It won a national Homes for Better Living award and a state AIA award.

Hyconeechee Regional Library director David Flick writes a books column for the News of Orange County

By January 1962 the News of Orange County was running "Between the Covers," a column of news and comment on books in the public library by the director of the Hyconeechee Regional Library. The North Carolina Library Association's 1962 directory lists David Flick as the region's director, at Yanceyville.

Subject: Orange County Public Library · The News of Orange County

James Riley opens the Hillsboro Fish Market in the old Godfrey's store on Highway 70

James Riley opened the Hillsboro Fish Market on Highway 70 West, in front of Kenan Oil Company in the former Godfrey's Home Supply store, selling fresh fish cleaned free. By August 1962 it had moved to his old market next to Eno Methodist Church.

Two federally funded kindergartens operate at the Efland schools

A federal research grant was paying for two public kindergartens in the county, one at Efland Elementary and one at Efland-Cheeks, the Black school. The board limited them to five-year-olds living in the Efland district.

Subject: Efland schools

Portrait of the late Sheriff Oddie Clayton is hung in the sheriff's office

A portrait of the late Orange County sheriff Oddie Clayton, painted by Hillsborough artist Edmund Strudwick and paid for by public subscription in a drive led by ABC Police Chief Burch Compton, was hung in the county sheriff's office before members of his family.

Subject: Orange County Courthouse, Hillsborough

Law dean Henry Brandis Jr. turns down Albert Coates's last appeal for a merger

Coates sent Dean Henry Brandis Jr. a pleading letter with thirty-nine pages of enclosures urging that the Institute become part of the law school. Brandis refused to reopen the question and said that once Coates returned to full-time teaching, Institute staff would no longer teach his courses, since their part had weakened the school's instruction.

People: Henry P. Brandis Jr.

Subject: UNC School of Law

Orange County was still running a separate library for Black readers

The county bookmobile schedule printed in March 1962 listed a Thursday stop from 1:30 to 2:00 at the Orange Co. Negro Public Library. The previous year's vacation reading club invited children to register either at the Confederate Memorial Public Library or at the Orange County Negro Public Library in Hillsboro.

Subject: Orange County Public Library

Carl Smith leads the Democratic primary for Orange County commissioner

Carl Smith of Chapel Hill topped the six-man Democratic primary for three county commissioner seats with 3,783 votes, ahead of Gordon Cleveland and Donald McDade; nomination usually amounted to election in the county.

Chapel Hill Human Relations Committee asks for a Black nurse on the district health staff

At a Chapel Hill Human Relations Committee meeting, Esther Atwater said the district health department needed a Black nurse on its staff. Chairman Dr. William Joyner said he would take the request to District Health Officer Dr. O. D. Garvin.

People: O. David Garvin

Chancellor Aycock chooses John Sanders to succeed Albert Coates as director of the Institute

After Coates would not name a successor through months of talks, Chancellor William B. Aycock picked assistant director John Sanders, then thirty-five, who accepted in a short meeting with Aycock and Dean of Faculty James Godfrey. Sanders, on the staff since October 1956, took over when Coates left the post on August 31, 1962.

People: Albert Coates · John L. Sanders

The Orange County Council on Alcoholism opens its headquarters in an addition to Calvin Burch's cabinet shop

The council's rehabilitation committee moved into a new office built onto Calvin Burch's cabinet shop on old NC 86, rented as a round-the-clock place for counseling and advice. Burch chaired the committee, which reported 54 cases in its first year there.

The Orange Printshop closes after 39 years

The Orange Printshop, founded by Louis Graves in 1923 with the Chapel Hill Weekly, stopped work at the close of business on August 15, 1962. W. M. Pugh had run it as lessee since the 1940s, and the building had just been sold to the Bank of Chapel Hill.

Subject: The Orange Printshop

Edmund Strudwick speaks against a new federal access road and bridge into Hillsborough

At a public hearing in Hillsborough on a proposed $338,000 federal project for a new access road and bridge into the town, artist Edmund Strudwick opposed it, saying he did not want more cars coming up Churton Street. The News of Orange County called the opposition thin.

Albert Coates retires as director of the Institute of Government

Coates retired as director of the Institute he founded on August 31, 1962, but stayed on the law faculty, teaching full time until about 1967 and a reduced load until a stroke in early 1968.

Subject: Institute of Government

Charles E. Maddry's funeral is held at Hillsborough Baptist Church

Charles E. Maddry, pastor of the church at the start and end of his fifty-three-year ministry and former head of the Southern Baptist Foreign Mission Board, died on September 17 and was buried at Richmond after a funeral in the Hillsborough church.

James J. Freeland's Dixie Motor Inn opens at Interstate 85 and NC 86

The Dixie Motor Inn, owned by James J. and James Rae Freeland, opened two miles south of Hillsborough where Interstate 85 meets NC 86. It had 16 air-conditioned units and was the sixth motel the elder Freeland had built in Orange, Durham and Wake counties.

People: James J. Freeland

Neal's Restaurant opens beside the Dixie Motor Inn south of Hillsborough

Neal Humphries, a Durham restaurant man for 15 years, opened Neal's Restaurant next to the new Dixie Motor Inn at I-85 and NC 86. It seated 75, stayed open around the clock and served steaks, seafood and fried chicken.

Rosenau Hall opens and gathers the School of Public Health under one roof

The School of Public Health's programs and staff came together in one building when Rosenau Hall opened in November 1962. The school had used the first floor of MacNider Hall since 1939, and Dean McGavran had made more space a priority.

Subject: UNC School of Public Health

Chapel Hill Planning Board reviews the Research Triangle Planning Area land use plan

The Chapel Hill Planning Board held a special meeting to review the Research Triangle Planning Commission's land use plan for the planning area, which projected population and density to 1980. The Chapel Hill Weekly described the plan as a major guide for future zoning changes and school locations.

Pat Cusick organizes a student peace group that becomes UNC's Student Peace Union chapter

On December 3, 1962 Pat Cusick announced the formation of Students for Peace, a UNC group that had adopted the Student Peace Union's statement of purpose. Later that month the group won approval as the UNC chapter of the national Student Peace Union, with Cusick as its leader.

Arthur Cogswell designs a barrel-vaulted concrete house for David Hill

In 1963 Cogswell built a concrete house with a barrel-vaulted roof at 205 Wood Circle in Coker Hills for Duke engineering professor David Hill, an example of the period's trials of new building materials.

People: Arthur Cogswell

Aycock and Hillsborough High schools are consolidated into Orange High School

On February 4, 1963 the county board of education resolved to consolidate the high schools at Hillsborough and Aycock into the new Orange High School, which opened in 1963 with Charles Yelverton as its first principal. The new Orange Junior High School was housed in the old Hillsborough High School building, and Aycock continued as an elementary school.

Subject: Orange High School · Hillsborough High School · Aycock School

Chapel Hill Town Hall is remodeled with a mezzanine over the old fire bays

A general remodeling added a mezzanine over the first-floor fire engine garage and a new stair, and the engine doors on Columbia Street were later filled with windows.

Subject: Chapel Hill Town Hall (1938)

David Caldwell's family bought a home on Rogers Road

David Caldwell, later a RENA leader, said his family moved from Merritt Mill Road to Rogers Road when Black families got the chance to buy homes there. He recalled a farming neighborhood of about thirteen houses, with dirt roads and cornfields.

People: David Caldwell Jr.

Subject: Rogers-Eubanks Neighborhood Association

Floyd McKissick sends organizers to Chapel Hill and defends arrested demonstrators

As head of CORE's Durham office, McKissick sent organizer Quinton Baker to Chapel Hill in 1963 to teach nonviolence and demonstration tactics, and he acted as attorney for many demonstrators arrested there. Letters to him in 1964 include one written from the Orange County jail.

Part of Chapel Hill freedom movement, 1960–1964 · 35 events

People: John Dunne

Governor Terry Sanford establishes the Historic Hillsborough Commission

Interest stirred by the county and town bicentennials led to the commission, whose first projects included buying and restoring the Burwell School in 1965.

Guy B. Johnson is named Kenan professor of anthropology and sociology

Johnson became Kenan professor of anthropology and sociology at UNC in 1963 and retired six years later.

Inter-Church Council forms

Seven women’s organizing led to coordinated local poverty relief.

Subject: Inter-Faith Council for Social Service

James Brittian is expelled from Lincoln High School after a civil rights march

Brittian, a student at the segregated Lincoln High School, was expelled for taking part in a civil rights protest march. He then became chairman of the Student Commission, a branch of the Chapel Hill Freedom Commission.

Part of Segregated schooling and the rise of Lincoln and Central High Schools · 44 events

Subject: Orange County Training School / Lincoln High School

Mary Claire Engstrom documents 122 Hillsborough sites for the Historic American Buildings Survey

From 1963 to 1965 Mary Claire Engstrom documented 122 old structures and historic sites in and around Hillsborough for the Historic American Buildings Survey. Her research helped many of them reach the National Register, including the Nash-Hooper House as a National Historic Landmark, and helped establish two Hillsborough historic districts.

Subject: Nash-Hooper House

Mary Claire Engstrom helps found the Hillsborough Historical Society

Mary Claire Engstrom was instrumental in founding the Hillsborough Historical Society, which filed National Register applications for local buildings, led walking tours and published newsletters and journals. It merged with the Orange County Historical Museum in 2007.

Subject: Orange County Historical Museum

Orange Junior High School opens in the old Hillsborough High School building

When the county consolidated its white high schools into Orange High in 1963, it organized Orange Junior High School for grades six through nine in the old Hillsborough High School building, with Ted Shoaf as principal.

Subject: Hillsborough High School · Orange High School

Peg Owens takes over Lake Forest and names it Lake Forest Estates

Peg Owens bought part of the Lake Forest subdivision in 1963 and carried on its development. She also acquired the land west of Eastwood Lake along today's North Shore Drive, laid out its streets and built many of its first houses between 1965 and 1968, and gave the whole area the name Lake Forest Estates.

The Chapel Hill Weekly moves into the old Harris-Connors Chevrolet agency on West Franklin

The town's weekly paper took over the space the Chevrolet dealer had left. Renamed the Chapel Hill Newspaper, it moved a few doors west in late 1973.

Subject: The Chapel Hill Weekly

The Colonial Dames erect a marble monument to the hanged Regulators beside the Hughes Academy schoolhouse

In 1963 the North Carolina Society of the Colonial Dames of America erected a marble slab monument to the six Regulators hanged at Hillsborough in June 1771, placing it next to the historic Hughes Academy schoolhouse in Hillsborough. The men's grave, thought to lie near the Eno, has never been found.

Part of The Regulator crisis, 1766–1771 · 90 events

The General Assembly makes the Orange County Board of Education an elected five-member board

A 1963 local act (H.B. 1329) set the county school board at five members chosen by voters in partisan elections from 1964 on, with six-year staggered terms and no more than two members from any one township.

The Underwood family buys Murphey School at public auction

The school property was sold at public auction in 1963 to the Underwood family.

Subject: Murphey School

UNC completes Coker Hall and names it for William C. Coker

The university completed a new building in 1963 and named it Coker Hall for William Chambers Coker, Kenan professor of botany and long-time head of the buildings and grounds committee.

Robin Andrews asks the county commissioners to pave the road past Bolin Brook Farm

Mrs. Troy Andrews brought the Orange County commissioners a petition from residents asking them to pave SR 1111, a two-mile road between Calvander and the Union Church road. The commissioners agreed to send the petition on to state highway officials.

Subject: Bolin Brook Farm (Troy and Roberta Andrews House)

The Torian family deeds a lot beside Ridge Road School to Emma Torian Jones and Rev. Walter Jones

Maggie Torian and her children conveyed 0.79 acre west of the school, on Coleman Loop Road, to her daughter Emma and Emma's husband, Rev. Walter Warren Jones, who built a frame house there. Walter and Maggie Torian, Black farmers, had owned the land the school stood on and supplied its water.

Subject: Ridge Road School

Jayne Mansfield rides in the pace car at Orange Speedway

Film star Jayne Mansfield, in North Carolina for a nightclub date in Greensboro, rode in the pace car to start the 150-mile race at Orange Speedway. Orange County sheriff's deputies Will Gilmore and Avery Maddry acted as her bodyguards, and she watched from the judges' stand, signing autographs.

Part of Occoneechee Speedway, Hillsborough · 34 events

Subject: Occoneechee Speedway

Chapel Hill Planning Board favors a large village in response to the Triangle commission's development plan

Reviewing the Research Triangle Planning Commission staff's General Development Plan for Chapel Hill to 1980, the Planning Board went on record preferring that the town grow as a large village rather than a small city. The plan also addressed subdivision layout, a collector road system and a proposed lake on Bolin Creek north of town.

Junior Johnson wins the spring 150-miler at Orange Speedway

Junior Johnson won the spring 150-mile Grand National race at Orange Speedway in March 1963.

Subject: Occoneechee Speedway

Orange County Board of Education closes Caldwell School

In spring 1961 the county board weighed its attorney's proposal to close White Cross and Caldwell schools. In March 1963, in the consolidation that came with the new Orange High School, it eliminated the Caldwell district and closed Caldwell School, a school for white pupils built in 1925; that May Caldwell pupils were moved into the Aycock district, and other parts of the old district joined Cameron Park. A sale of the building fell through in 1963 because the board could not give clear title, and it was not sold until the 1970s.

Subject: Caldwell School · Orange High School · Aycock School · Cameron Park School · White Cross School

Orange County completes a new Agricultural Building in Hillsborough

The county's new Agricultural Building, designed by Archie Davis, passed final inspection and the county's agricultural offices moved in. A dedication and open house were set for April 1.

People: Archie Royal Davis

Student pickets begin marching outside the segregated College Cafe

The Student Peace Union and the NAACP put pickets in front of the segregated College Cafe on East Franklin Street, saying they would keep on until it integrated. The picketing led to the forming of the Committee for Open Business that May.

Subject: College Cafe

Floyd McKissick and Malcolm X appear together at UNC's Memorial Hall

A day after their meeting in Durham, Durham attorney Floyd McKissick and Malcolm X appeared at UNC in a meeting moved from Howell Hall to Memorial Hall when about 1,600 people came. McKissick said he believed the Muslim movement had grown out of the frustration of Black Americans.

Subject: Memorial Hall

NAACP chapter pickets North Carolina Memorial Hospital over segregated rooms and wards

The UNC chapter of the NAACP organized a picket in April 1963 to protest that private rooms and certain wards for Black patients at the hospital were still segregated, although outpatient clinics, recovery rooms, pediatrics and the cafeteria had been integrated. Hospital officials opposed the demonstration.

Part of Segregation and access to medical care · 14 events

Subject: UNC Medical Center (N.C. Memorial Hospital)

Gerard Tempest opens Villa Tempesta, an arts center and café, on East Franklin Street

More than 2,000 people toured artist Gerard Tempest's Villa Tempesta, an Italian-style villa built from pieces of the old Duke and Watts mansions in Durham, at its open house; its studios and espresso café opened for regular business the following Thursday.

Roosevelt Warner is elected the first Black member of the Hillsboro Board of Commissioners

Roosevelt Warner, a masonry contractor and business owner, led the field of eleven candidates with 281 votes for the five-member Board of Town Commissioners on his second try, unseating incumbent Herman H. Strayhorn. Two years earlier he had been the town's first Black candidate, finishing last with 180 votes.

People: Roosevelt Warner

Student Peace Union marchers protest the Armed Forces Day theme at the Chapel Hill post office

Led by chairman Pat Cusick, Student Peace Union members and the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom marched silently alongside the Air Force ROTC drill team to the post office to protest the day's theme, Power for Peace. Spectators called out 'Communists', but no incidents occurred.

Subject: Chapel Hill Post Office and Peace and Justice Plaza

Research Triangle Planning Commission projects Chapel Hill school growth to

John Scott of the Research Triangle Planning Commission told the Chapel Hill School Board that district enrollment could reach 8,000 pupils by 1980, more than double the current number, and cited a 1960 township population of 25,000. The commission delivered its full report on school needs to 1980 by late July.

Aldermen hear Daniel Pollitt's opinion that Chapel Hill may pass a public accommodations law, then shelve it

At a Town Hall hearing attended by more than 200 people, Mayor Sandy McClamroch read an opinion by Pollitt that Chapel Hill had the authority to enact a public accommodations ordinance and that similar laws elsewhere had withstood court tests. The Board of Aldermen then voted 4 to 2 to postpone the ordinance indefinitely.

Part of The Chapel Hill civil-rights demonstrations, 1963–1964 · 16 events

People: Sandy McClamroch

Teacher Hassie Vanhook Gattis retires after 34 years

Hassie Vanhook Brooks Gattis retired in 1963 after 34 years of teaching Black children in northern Orange County, at the Sartin, Grover, Poplar Grove and Carr schools and, from about 1955, at Cedar Grove. The News of Orange County marked her retirement in June.

Subject: Cedar Grove schools

The General Joseph E. Johnston Motel is among motels that agree to admit Black guests

The Carolina Times reported that all eleven motels in the Durham area, the General Joseph Johnston Motel among them, had agreed to admit Black guests.

Subject: General Johnston Motel and General Sherman Restaurant

Police carry out demonstrators sitting in at the Chapel Hill-Carrboro Merchants Association office

Members of the Committee for Open Business sat in and sang in the Merchants Association office on West Franklin Street to press merchants to desegregate. Police carried out 27 on trespass warrants signed by director Joe Augustine, and 34 were arrested that day in all.

Part of Chapel Hill freedom movement, 1960–1964 · 35 events

People: Harold Foster · Pat Cusick

Charles M. Walker Jr. announces that Walker Milling Co. will close

Walker said he would close the milling business in the three-story landmark on Court Square, which his father and uncle had run for decades before he bought it after World War II, and take a job in Battleboro. He pointed to changes in the farm economy.

O. E. Bivins builds the cabin at Hillsboro's new Girl Scout camp

The new camp for Hillsboro's Girl Scout troops, at Occoneechee Farm behind the Harold Culbreth home south of town, had a cabin built for the girls and their leaders by O. E. Bivins. An open house and picnic supper were planned for the following Wednesday.

Subject: Occoneechee Farm

Warner's Motel and Warner's Wash-eteria invite the public to see their facilities

An advertisement invited everyone to visit Warner's Motel and Warner's Wash-eteria on Highway 70-A in Hillsboro on Friday, August 2, and inspect their modern facilities.

People: Roosevelt Warner

Fire breaks out in the Rathskeller and spreads through its East Franklin Street building

A fire of unknown origin started in the wall behind a stove in the Rathskeller on a Thursday evening and crept through the walls of the building. Ted Danziger put the damage to the restaurant and his Old World Gift Center at about $70,000, and water stood ankle deep in Amber Alley.

Subject: The Rathskeller (Amber Alley)

Pat Cusick leads a CURED march down West Franklin Street

Sixty-eight members of Citizens United for Racial Equality and Dignity, led by Pat Cusick, marched from St. Joseph's Church on West Rosemary Street down West Franklin Street to the Carolina Grill on a Friday night, singing a few songs. A street march to the post office was planned for the next day.

A Chapel Hill bus leaves for the March on Washington

The Student Peace Union, with Pat Cusick as coordinator, organized a bus from Chapel Hill to the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Cusick reported every seat filled, with the bus to leave about midnight August 27-28 and reach Washington the next morning.

George Esser proposes an ordinance barring discrimination by new Chapel Hill businesses

After the aldermen declined a public accommodations law in June, Esser suggested as a private citizen an ordinance that would bar racial discrimination by businesses opening in the future, applied like zoning rules. The Board of Aldermen began considering it in August while the Committee for Open Business kept up its marches.

Part of The Chapel Hill civil-rights demonstrations, 1963–1964 · 16 events

A tobacco truck crashes into Carlton Mize's Rock Pile store

A tractor-trailer carrying 25,000 pounds of tobacco went out of control and crashed into the side of the Rock Pile, Carlton Mize's grocery on the Chapel Hill-Durham Road. No one was hurt, but the west wall was crushed and the front windows shattered.

Subject: The Rock Pile

The Bank of Chapel Hill merges into North Carolina National Bank

At the close of business on September 27, 1963, the Bank of Chapel Hill, founded in 1899, became part of North Carolina National Bank. Its office at 137 East Franklin Street made Chapel Hill the twelfth city in the NCNB system.

People: Collier Cobb Jr.

Subject: Bank of Chapel Hill

The new Historic Hillsborough Commission holds its first meeting at the courthouse

The members of the newly appointed Historic Hillsborough Commission met for the first time at the Orange County Courthouse under chairman Dr. R. J. Murphy. Elizabeth Henderson Cotten of Chapel Hill was among the members.

People: Mary Claire Engstrom · William S. Powell

Subject: Orange County Courthouse, Hillsborough

Joe Weatherly wins his last race at Orange Speedway

Joe Weatherly won the fall 150-mile race at Orange Speedway, the last victory of his career; he was killed in a crash at Riverside, California, in January 1964.

Part of Occoneechee Speedway, Hillsborough · 34 events

Subject: Occoneechee Speedway

Carrboro Baptist Church remodels its sanctuary

Work on an extensive remodeling of the sanctuary began after the first Sunday in October 1963, alongside a new educational building. By September 1964 the renovation was finished and the church invited the community to see the new facilities.

Subject: Carrboro Baptist Church (Century Center)

Daniel Pollitt's law review article calls the Speaker Ban constitutionally suspect

Pollitt's article Campus Censorship: The North Carolina Visiting Speakers Law, written for the December 1963 North Carolina Law Review, argued that the Speaker Ban raised serious problems of free speech, self-incrimination and due process. The Daily Tar Heel called it the first known legal analysis of the law by a lawyer outside the attorney general's office.

The A&P opens its first Hillsborough supermarket at US 70 and Churton Street

The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company opened a supermarket of about 10,000 square feet in a red-brick "Early American" building with a cupola and parking for 165 cars. It was the chain's first store in Hillsborough and the first major unit of the North Hills Shopping Center.

Walker's Funeral Home dedicates its chapel at 204 North Churton Street

On its 41st anniversary Walker's Funeral Home held an open house and dedicated the chapel in its brick building on North Churton Street, finished late in 1962, honoring founder Houston J. Walker and his late wife Minnie Montgomery Walker.

Subject: Walker’s Funeral Home

Orange Superior Court convicts Pat Cusick and three others for the Merchants Association sit-in

A jury in Orange Superior Court at Hillsborough convicted Pat Cusick, Hope Van Riper, Charliese Pearl Cotton and Christine Glover of trespass for the July sit-in at the Merchants Association office. Cusick chose 30 days on the roads over paying the fine and fasted 17 days in protest at being placed in a segregated prison camp.

Karen Parker is arrested at a sit-in at Leo's restaurant

Parker, UNC's first Black woman undergraduate and a CORE member, went with other demonstrators to Leo's, a segregated restaurant in downtown Chapel Hill, where they were arrested and taken to jail. She described it in her diary entry of December 18.

Part of The Chapel Hill civil-rights demonstrations, 1963–1964 · 16 events

John Dunne gives up his Morehead scholarship to work in the Chapel Hill movement

By December 1963 John Dunne had stopped pretending to finish school, gave up his Morehead scholarship and devoted his time to the Freedom Movement in Chapel Hill. He joined the Congress of Racial Equality and led protests at segregated restaurants.

Sit-in demonstrators at the Rock Pile are doused with ammonia

Around New Year's Day 1964, sit-in demonstrators at the Rock Pile, Carlton Mize's segregated grocery on the Durham Road, were doused with ammonia and bleach water. Seven were treated for burns, among them NAACP youth leader Quinton Baker; four were arrested, and thirteen more were arrested at a second sit-in there the next day, when five more needed treatment.

Part of Chapel Hill freedom movement, 1960–1964 · 35 events

People: John Dunne

Subject: The Rock Pile

A bronze plaque honoring builder John Berry is placed on the Old Orange County Courthouse

A bronze plaque naming John Berry a contributor to the tradition of American architecture was fixed to the 1845 courthouse he built in Hillsborough.

Subject: Orange County Courthouse, Hillsborough

Allen A. and Pauline O. Lloyd publish a history of the town of Hillsborough

Pharmacist Allen A. Lloyd published a 200-page, illustrated History of the Town of Hillsborough, with his wife Pauline O. Lloyd named as co-author, after working on it since 1945. He paid about $2,500 to print it and sold copies at James Pharmacy, which he ran.

Arthur Cogswell designs the Koch House on Clayton Road

In 1964 Cogswell designed a one-story, flat-roofed house for botany professor Arthur Koch at 401 Clayton Road in Coker Hills: a floor plate projecting from a block base, with glass walls opening to a deck over a pond. It received a North Carolina AIA award.

People: Arthur Cogswell

Binkley moves to Willow Drive

The congregation occupied its first permanent building.

Central High principal A. L. Stanback dies

Albert Leon Stanback, who came to Central as a coach and mathematics teacher and led it for more than twenty years, died after a short illness. His funeral was held in the school's auditorium. Under him the school grew to about 1,200 students.

People: A. L. Stanback

Subject: Central High and Central Elementary, Hillsborough

Dickson Phillips serves as dean of the UNC School of Law

Phillips led the law school for ten years. Enrollment nearly doubled, from 376 to 700, the school moved into the new Van Hecke-Wettach Hall in 1968, and he started the Holderness Moot Court program and widened the clinical courses.

Subject: UNC School of Law

Fanny McDade, laundress to generations of students, is buried at 103 in the Old Chapel Hill Cemetery

Fanny McDade (1861-1964), an African American woman who did students' laundry for many years, died at 103 and is thought to be the oldest person buried in the cemetery.

Subject: Old Chapel Hill Cemetery

Four of Orange County's 2,001 Black pupils attend white schools

The county school system enrolled 2,001 Black students in 1964-65. Four went to formerly white schools; the rest attended Central High, Efland-Cheeks or Cedar Grove.

Graham Memorial passes from student union to the Department of Dramatic Arts

Graham Memorial, the student union for 27 years, was turned over to the drama department after the new Frank Porter Graham Student Union opened elsewhere on campus.

Subject: Graham Memorial

Isaac M. Taylor serves as dean of the UNC School of Medicine

Taylor succeeded W. Reece Berryhill as dean in 1964. Student enrollment, faculty and research funding grew during his deanship, and a ten-year capital building program began that produced Berryhill Hall, the first phase of the Health Sciences Library, and the Brinkhous-Bullitt and Burnett-Womack Buildings.

People: W. Reece Berryhill

Subject: UNC School of Medicine · UNC Libraries

James J. Freeland builds his third family house on Highway 70

After homes near Fairview and in his Mountain View development, Freeland built the family's third house in 1964 on Highway 70 a little northwest of that subdivision, and lived there the rest of his life.

People: James J. Freeland

Joe Straley chairs the Committee of Concerned Citizens

The UNC physics professor Joe Straley chaired the Committee of Concerned Citizens, a group of Chapel Hill residents dedicated to civil rights, in 1964 and 1965.

Mary Claire Engstrom chairs the Historic Hillsborough Commission

Mary Claire Engstrom chaired the Historic Hillsborough Commission, a state-appointed body created in 1963, from 1964 to 1966 and again from 1976 to 1983. Her research files for the commission and other projects cover deeds, cemeteries, mills, inns, Quaker settlements and schools such as the Hillsborough Academy and the Burwell School.

Subject: Burwell School

Morris Telephone Company builds a larger exchange on East King Street

As part of a half-million-dollar improvement program around Hillsborough, the Morris Telephone Company put up a new telephone building on East King Street about twice the size of the old exchange. Subscribers got new numbers on May 17, and in November the company moved its business office into the new building.

Orange High and Orange Junior High win accreditation from the state and the Southern Association

Between about 1964 and 1969 Orange High School and Orange Junior High were accredited by the state and by the Southern Association, so every county pupil in grades 7 through 12 attended a regionally accredited school. A push to accredit the elementary schools was put off by integration.

Subject: Orange High School

Realtors steer Howard and Lillian Lee away from white subdivisions

After moving to Chapel Hill for graduate study, Howard and Lillian Lee searched for about six months while realtors hesitated to show them houses in white subdivisions. They bought in Colony Woods, then received threatening calls and had a cross burned on their lawn.

People: Howard N. Lee

The old school buildings and the Caesar Cone house on West Franklin are razed for a bank and University Square East

Chapel Hill's old elementary and high school buildings on West Franklin came down, along with the house known as the Caesar Cone house. Central Carolina Bank & Trust and the University Square East shopping center went up in their place.

The planning department moves into New East

Parker won space on the first two floors of New East, vacated when the geology department moved to Mitchell Hall, and the Department of City and Regional Planning left the Alumni Building for it in 1964. In 1966 he secured an $82,000 National Science Foundation grant toward renovating the building.

Subject: Alumni Building

UNC founds its computer science department under Frederick Brooks

Brooks, 33, founded what became the Department of Computer Science, the second free-standing doctorate-granting department of its kind in the United States; it was first called Information Science and took the name computer science in 1971.

William E. Leuchtenburg wins the Bancroft Prize

Leuchtenburg won the 1964 Bancroft Prize for Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1940 (Harper & Row, 1963). He was then teaching at Columbia University, where he taught from 1952 to 1982 before joining UNC.

Chapel Hill aldermen vote down a public accommodations ordinance

The Board of Aldermen rejected, 4 to 2, an ordinance that would have required all town businesses to serve Black customers, and set up a nine-member committee on race relations instead. Integration leaders promised more demonstrations.

Part of The Chapel Hill civil-rights demonstrations, 1963–1964 · 16 events

People: Adelaide Walters

Institute of Government delivers its report on Chapel Hill's power to pass a public accommodations law

A report prepared by George Esser at the aldermen's request, gathering cases from all fifty states on a town's power to pass a public accommodations law, was completed and handed to Town Manager Robert Peck for the aldermen days before their vote. Esser said it showed the probable attitude of North Carolina courts toward a town using its general welfare power for that purpose.

Part of The Chapel Hill civil-rights demonstrations, 1963–1964 · 16 events

People: John L. Sanders

Subject: Institute of Government

Survey finds N.C. Memorial Hospital still separates patients by race

A Daily Tar Heel survey of Chapel Hill accommodations listed North Carolina Memorial Hospital among places keeping segregation, with director E. B. Crawford Jr. saying the hospital had two floors of mostly Black patients and did not generally integrate patient rooms.

Part of North Carolina Memorial Hospital and the medical center, from 1952 · 24 events

Subject: UNC Medical Center (N.C. Memorial Hospital)

Thirty-nine demonstrators are arrested sitting on the steps of Brady's Restaurant

On a Sunday night, 39 demonstrators, seven of them white, were arrested after sitting three deep on the front steps of the segregated Brady's Restaurant and blocking the door. The night before, 53 had been arrested in sit-downs in front of Brady's and the Rock Pile.

Part of Chapel Hill freedom movement, 1960–1964 · 35 events

Subject: The Rock Pile

Gloria Williams asks the school board to readmit boycotting Lincoln High students

At the Chapel Hill school board meeting, Mrs. Gloria Williams, speaking for parents of students who had joined the Chapel Hill Freedom Committee's boycott of Lincoln High School, asked that all of them be readmitted. The board upheld the expulsion of two senior leaders, Henry Sanford and James Brittain, after Superintendent Howard Thompson said he would resign if they returned.

Part of Segregated schooling and the rise of Lincoln and Central High Schools · 44 events

Subject: Orange County Training School / Lincoln High School · Chapel Hill and Carrboro city schools

The Efland brothers form Efland Tractor and Equipment Company

John L. Efland Jr. and Wilson Efland took the International Harvester franchise for Orange County and formed Efland Tractor and Equipment Company, with parts and service in the front of the Efland Knitting Company building.

Villines Rest Home opens on Occoneechee Street in Hillsborough

A notice in February 1964 announced that the Villines Rest Home on Occoneechee Street was open to anyone who could no longer care for themselves.

The last Southern Railway passenger trains run through Hillsborough

Trains 13 and 16, the daily Greensboro-Goldsboro round trip, made their final runs, ending more than a century of passenger service in Orange County. Hillsborough had been a flag stop without ticket sales for two years.

Subject: North Carolina Railroad

More than 25,000 Orange County residents take Sabin oral polio vaccine on one Sunday

The Durham-Orange County Medical Foundation ran a Sunday oral polio vaccine campaign at eight public school feeding stations in Chapel Hill, Carrboro, Hillsborough, Cedar Grove and Efland. A total of 25,679 people took the vaccine on a sugar cube, about 56 percent of the county, with Glenwood School alone serving 5,063; a second dose was set for May 17.

A Klan rally gathers at the post office fast and a UNC student is struck

On the fast's seventh day a Ku Klux Klan rally drew onlookers to the Franklin Street post office, where textile worker Milford Cordell Hill of Gold Hill struck UNC senior Louis S. Calhoun Jr. and knocked off his glasses; police officers who saw it swore out complaints.

Part of Chapel Hill freedom movement, 1960–1964 · 35 events

Subject: Chapel Hill Post Office and Peace and Justice Plaza

The Holy Week fast ends on Easter Sunday and the Rev. LaVert Taylor is hospitalized

The five fasters finished their eight-day water-only fast in front of the post office on Easter Sunday. The Rev. LaVert Taylor of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference was admitted to Memorial Hospital with an upset stomach afterward; James Foushee had been treated there during the fast and released.

Part of Chapel Hill freedom movement, 1960–1964 · 35 events

People: Pat Cusick · John Dunne

Subject: UNC Medical Center (N.C. Memorial Hospital)

The Committee of Concerned Citizens raises about $400 for injured demonstrators and the hospitalized faster

Committee members served bread and cheese for donations twice a day in the basement of the First Baptist Church, raising about $400 to cover the hospital bills of demonstrators hurt in sit-ins and of the Rev. LaVert Taylor after the fast.

Part of Chapel Hill freedom movement, 1960–1964 · 35 events

Subject: First Baptist Church, Chapel Hill

Edmund Strudwick finishes a portrait of retired farm agent Don S. Matheson

Hillsborough artist Edmund Strudwick finished a portrait of Don S. Matheson, who retired in 1963 after 34 years as Orange County farm agent. Paid for by public gifts, it was hung in the county agricultural building, and further gifts founded a 4-H fund.

Orange Speedway names its spring race the Joe Weatherly Memorial

Orange Speedway scheduled its spring 1964 150-mile Grand National race as the inaugural Joe Weatherly Memorial, honoring the late national champion who held both track speed records and had won his last race there.

Part of Occoneechee Speedway, Hillsborough · 34 events

Subject: Occoneechee Speedway

Supreme Court lets stand the ruling against segregated hospitals built with federal funds

The U.S. Supreme Court declined to review Simkins v. Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital, leaving in place the Fourth Circuit's November 1, 1963 ruling that Greensboro hospitals built with Hill-Burton money could not segregate doctors or patients. The Daily Tar Heel carried the decision on its front page.

Judge Mallard sentences fasters Pat Cusick and John Dunne to a year in jail

In Orange County Superior Court at Hillsborough, Judge Raymond B. Mallard gave Pat Cusick a year in jail on April 23 and John Dunne twelve months on April 24 for the February street-blocking demonstrations, among a dozen active sentences and about 100 suspended ones that stripped the Chapel Hill movement of its leaders four weeks after the fast.

Part of Chapel Hill freedom movement, 1960–1964 · 35 events

People: Pat Cusick · John Dunne

Chapel Hill Recorder's Court fines the man who struck a student at the post office fast

Judge William S. Stewart fined Milford Cordell Hill $50 and costs for striking Louis S. Calhoun Jr. at the scene of the fast on March 28, on complaints sworn out by the police officers who saw it.

Part of Chapel Hill freedom movement, 1960–1964 · 35 events

A Burger Chef hamburger stand opens at 337 West Rosemary Street

A Burger Chef franchise opened at 337 West Rosemary Street at 11 a.m. on May 6, 1964, selling 15-cent broiled hamburgers, shakes and fries. A week later it was advertising for more help.

Kenan Oil Company opens the Colonial Phillips 66 service station at Churton and Tryon

Kenan Oil Company held a grand opening for its new Colonial Phillips 66 station on Churton Street at Tryon, with Fred Albert as station manager and door prizes drawn Friday night. The station opened for business the next day; Odis Johnson of Mebane was the builder.

Austin Watts and his staff attack civil rights testers at Watts Restaurant

The night after the Civil Rights Act was signed, a mixed group of testers seeking service at Watts Restaurant was turned away and, the testers said, attacked with fists and clubs, and owner Austin Watts was charged with striking Pete Leak. Watts was convicted of assault in Chapel Hill Recorder's Court on July 21 and fined the costs of court.

Clarence's Bar and Grill turns away an integrated group the day after the Civil Rights Act

Five white people and one Black person asked for service at Clarence's Bar and Grill on West Franklin Street. Owner Clarence Gray refused them, saying he thought one of them was drunk. Testers visited other Chapel Hill restaurants that weekend as well.

Part of Chapel Hill freedom movement, 1960–1964 · 35 events

Sixty-six Black parents petition the county board to stop running schools by race

Led by the retired Cedar Grove teacher Hassie Vanhook Gattis, 66 parents signed a petition asking the Orange County board to stop operating its schools on a racial basis. It charged that the board had kept a dual system since the 1954 Brown ruling in disregard of the law.

The new high bridge over the Eno opens on South Churton Street

The 375-foot bridge, 55 feet above the river and built for about $450,000 with state and federal money, opened with the new access road from Interstate 85 into Hillsborough in the summer of 1964, taking traffic off the 1922 bridge.

Subject: Eno River road bridge, Hillsborough

Paul F. Sharp serves as chief administrator of UNC at Chapel Hill

Sharp was chief administrative officer of the university at Chapel Hill from September 1, 1964 to February 15, 1966. His records document the state's speaker ban law and programs in medical education, and he left to become president of Drake University.

The old Walker Milling Co. building on courthouse square is torn down

Orange County, which bought the mill property in August 1963 for $25,000, had a Wilmington contractor raze the building to clear the lot for parking. Historical groups asked the commissioners to save it, but they would only agree, by a split vote, to buy the old handmade bricks for resale.

People: Mary Claire Engstrom

A state act limits Orange County school board elections to voters outside the Chapel Hill school unit

A 1965 act (H.S. 695) provided that only county voters living outside the enlarged Chapel Hill school administrative unit could vote in elections for the Orange County Board of Education.

Albert Coates starts the Institute of Civic Education in the University's Extension Division

With no place offered by the Institute of Government or the law school, Coates set up an Institute of Civic Education under Extension Division director Charles Milner, paid for by the Richardson Foundation and a $50,000 yearly state appropriation approved by Governor Terry Sanford. In the summer of 1965 it brought high school civics and government teachers to Chapel Hill for short courses in state history and government.

People: Terry Sanford

Architect Arthur Cogswell adds a flat-roofed art studio to the Voitle house on Country Club Road

The low modern studio at the rear has vertical wood siding and large fixed windows, a sharp contrast to the 1930s cottage in front of it.

People: Arthur Cogswell