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Theme

Housing, Neighborhoods & Displacement

Where people lived and were kept from living: Black neighborhoods, segregated housing, campus expansion, and the fight to stay.

Where people lived and were kept from living: the historic Black neighborhoods of Chapel Hill and Carrboro, Northside, Pine Knolls and Tin Top, Rogers Road, the lines of segregated housing, campus expansion into neighborhoods and the fight to keep housing affordable. The storylines follow each of those places.

444 indexed works are connected with this theme. 4 held at OCPL →

A Chapel Hill street, 1939.

Events and storylines

Named events and episodes the index follows in detail. Each has its own page.

Indexed works

Related works found in catalogs and archives across North Carolina, the most widely held first, novels aside. Each links to the institution that holds or provides it.

Narrow these works. Each link opens the search already limited to this theme. Counts are indexed works, not copies on a shelf; a work can carry more than one period or place.

Widely held

Kinship and Neighborhood in a Southern Community

Kenzer, Robert C. · 1987 · University of Tennessee Press

Robert C. Kenzer's study of kinship and neighborhood in Orange County between 1849 and 1881, the decades before and after the Civil War, tracing family ties and neighborhood networks through the county's records. Published by the University of Tennessee Press in 1987, 251 pages with illustrations, maps, portraits and a bibliography. Topics include kinship, neighborhoods and social conditions in the county in the nineteenth century.

Why this is here: Catalog heading in the Davidson record: Neighborhoods.

Reviewed in Choice Reviews Online (1988), Journal of American History (1988), The American Historical Review (1989), The Journal of Southern History (1989), Civil War history (1989), Journal of Social History (1989).

African Americans of Durham and Orange counties : an oral history

Bolduc, Jean · 2016 · The History Press

Jean Bolduc's collection of oral history interviews with Black residents of Durham and Orange counties, published by The History Press in 2016, 125 pages with photographs and portraits. The narrators are the poet Jaki Shelton Green, civil rights lawyer Floyd McKissick, Walter Jackson, Nate Davis, Brenda Stephens, Diane Wright, Jackie Wagstaff and Michelle Johnson, and a closing chapter deals with the Ku Klux Klan. The interviews document Black life and race relations in the two counties across the twentieth century.

Why this is here: Catalog heading in the UNC record: Davis, Nate, 1951?-.

Rogers Road

Pearce, Emily Eidenier · 2009

Emily Eidenier Pearce's history of Rogers Road, the historically African American neighborhood on the edge of Chapel Hill and Carrboro, and of what happened to it after Orange County opened its landfill next door in 1972. Drawing on interviews with residents, the book records the neighborhood's origins, family life, churches and customs, and then the environmental and social burdens of decades beside the landfill. Privately issued in 2009, 298 pages with illustrations, maps and portraits.

Why this is here: Catalog heading in the UNC record: African American neighborhoods.

The Copperline chronicles: a history of the Kings Mill-Morgan Creek neighborhoods

2020

Neighborhood history of the Kings Mill and Morgan Creek area of Chapel Hill, published by the Chapel Hill Historical Society in 2020. The project started in June 2014 when neighbors were asked over the community email list to share memories of life there, and replies came from current residents and from former residents raised there who had since scattered across the country. 268 pages with illustrations, color maps and portraits.

Why this is here: Catalog heading in the UNC record: Neighborhoods.

African Americans of Durham & Orange Counties

Bolduc, Jean · 2016

Jean Bolduc's 2016 collection of interviews with African American residents of Durham and Orange counties, presented as short biographies. The subjects are Floyd McKissick (1922-1991), the first African American admitted to UNC's law school, Walter Jackson, Brenda Stephens, Nate Davis, poet Jaki Shelton Green, Jackie Wagstaff, Diane Wright and Michelle Johnson, with a closing chapter on the Ku Klux Klan. 125 pages with illustrations.

Why this is here: The record names this subject alongside a heading for the county or its towns.

"Whites only" : a pastor's retrospective on signs of the new South

Seymour, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1925-2020 · 2011 · Chapel Hill Press

Robert E. Seymour, a Baptist pastor in Chapel Hill associated with Olin T. Binkley Memorial Baptist Church, looks back on segregation and race relations in the South from the pulpit. A clergyman's memoir covering church history in the town, Baptists in North Carolina and the segregation of African Americans. Published by Chapel Hill Press in 2011, 204 pages.

Why this is here: The record names this subject alongside a heading for the county or its towns.

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Cedar Grove, 1939 : revisiting Marion Post's photos of a Black rural neighborhood

Bennett, Evan P. · 2025 · Historical Research Office, Office of Archives and History

Evan P. Bennett returns to the photographs Marion Post Wolcott made in 1939 in Cedar Grove, a Black farming neighborhood in northern Orange County that she documented for the federal resettlement program. Published in 2025 by the Historical Research Office in Raleigh, pages 384 to 406, with illustrations and portraits. Topics include rural African Americans in the Cedar Grove township and photographers in the state.

Why this is here: Catalog heading in the UNC record: African American neighborhoods.

UNC

Making Carrboro home : user alteration of company space

Lachenman, Sara Regan · 2005

Sara Regan Lachenman's 2005 thesis on how the people living in Carrboro's company built housing altered it to suit themselves. It takes up domestic architecture, working class housing and the social side of the textile industry in the town, with 158 pages of text and illustrations.

Why this is here: Catalog heading in the UNC record: Working class -- Housing.

UNC

Recently indexed: [Appeal on behalf of project to establish home for aged women] (1875) · Building zone ordinance for the town of Chapel Hill (1928) · Chapel Hill Development ordinance, adopted May 11, 1981 (1981) · Chapel Hill development ordinance, adopted May 11, 1981 [as amended] (1987) · Chapel Hill public housing newsletter (1979) · Chapel Hill Township zoning ordinance : draft for review and discussion (1967)

Search all 444 indexed works →

Start at OCPL

Books in OCPL’s Rebecca B. Wall Local History Collection whose titles, catalog subjects, or descriptions match this theme. The Friends’ recommended starting points are labelled. Books marked Wider context cover the broader subject rather than this theme itself.

  • Start here · NC 306.097 KEN Kinship and Neighborhood in A Southern Community: Orange County, North Carolina, 1849-1881 Kenzer, Robert C. · 1987

    Robert C. Kenzer's study of kinship and neighborhood in Orange County between 1849 and 1881, the decades before and after the Civil War, tracing family ties and neighborhood networks through the county's records. Published by the University of Tennessee Press in 1987, 251 pages with illustrations, maps, portraits and a bibliography. Topics include kinship, neighborhoods and social conditions in the county in the nineteenth century.

  • Foundational · NC 975.656 BOLDUC African Americans of Durham & Orange Counties: An Oral History Bolduc, Jean · 2016

    Jean Bolduc's 2016 collection of interviews with African American residents of Durham and Orange counties, presented as short biographies. The subjects are Floyd McKissick (1922-1991), the first African American admitted to UNC's law school, Walter Jackson, Brenda Stephens, Nate Davis, poet Jaki Shelton Green, Jackie Wagstaff, Diane Wright and Michelle Johnson, with a closing chapter on the Ku Klux Klan. 125 pages with illustrations.

  • Rebecca Wall Collection · NC 975.656 AND The Kirklands of Ayr Mount Anderson, Jean Bradley · 1991

    Jean Bradley Anderson's family history of the Kirklands, the Scottish family who built Ayr Mount, the plantation house that still stands outside Hillsborough. Beginning with a 1696 marriage in Lochfergus, Scotland, the account centers on William Kirkland, born 1768, who came to North Carolina from Scotland, married Margaret Blain Scott in 1792 and established the family at Ayr Mount, and it follows their descendants. Published by the University of North Carolina Press in 1991, 241 pages plus 22 pages of plates, with maps.

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  • Foundational · NC 333.3 DUNAWAY Chapel Hill, N.C. History of Town Lots (1790-1930s) Dunaway, Stewart E. · 2014

    Deed transcripts for the town lots of Chapel Hill and adjoining land from 1790 to the 1930s, compiled by Stewart E. Dunaway. Each transcript keeps only the working facts: grantor and grantee, price, acreage and the metes and bounds of the parcel. Self-published in 2014 as Issue 1G, 702 pages with maps and facsimiles.

  • Foundational · NC 363.69 HIS Historic Preservation Element: Orange County Comprehensive Plan ; Orange County, North Carolina Orange County (N.C.) · 1996

    The historic preservation element of Orange County's comprehensive plan, prepared for the county Historic Preservation Commission and Planning Department by the Jaeger Company of Gainesville, Georgia, and adopted on 1 April 1996. Partly financed by National Park Service funds through the state Division of Archives and History, it sets county policy on historic buildings and sites and their conservation. 59 pages plus 50 unnumbered, with illustrations and maps, some folded and in color.

  • Foundational · NC 720.975 BEL Photocensus: A Photographic Survey of Buildings in the Hillsborough, N.C. Historic District Built Before 1950 Bellinger, Susan McArtor · 1991

    Susan McArtor Bellinger's photographic survey of the buildings in the Hillsborough Historic District put up before 1950, self-published in Hillsborough in 1991. Arranged as a guidebook, it records houses and other structures in photographs. 142 pages with illustrations.

  • Wider context · NC 305.896 BRO Upbuilding Black Durham: Gender, Class, and Black Community Development in the Jim Crow South Brown, Leslie · 2008

    Leslie Brown's history of Black Durham, the community Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois both admired in the 1910s, from emancipation to the civil rights era. Drawing on interviews and family stories, Brown puts African American women at the center and argues that conflicts of gender and class among Black Durhamites fed their activism. UNC Press, 2008, in the John Hope Franklin series; 451 pages with maps.

In the chronology

Other storylines that include this theme, earliest first. Each has its own page.

Eno Cotton Mill and its village1896–1984 · 39 events · Allen J. Ruffin and James Webb Jr. founded the Eno Cotton Mill at Hillsborough in 1896, and it began production in 1897 with a village of cottages for its workers. It added weaving in 1904 and gingham in 1909, rented its houses for 25 cents a week in 1915, reached about 600 workers in 1940, and became part of Cone Mills in 1952; the mill houses were moved in 1956, and the mill closed in 1984. The Hargraves Center and Chapel Hill’s Negro Community Center1939–2022 · 17 events · Chapel Hill’s Black residents bought land for a Negro Community Center in 1939; the Navy finished the building as quarters for the B-1 Band during the war, and it opened for community use in 1945. It gained the A.D. Clark Pool in 1961, was renamed for William M. Hargraves in 1973 and added the Northside Gymnasium in 1998, and its gym was named for Nate Davis in 2022. Killing of James Cates, 19701970–2025 · 20 events · James Cates, a Black Chapel Hill man, was stabbed to death in the Pit at UNC in November 1970, and three Durham men were tried and acquitted by an all-white jury in 1971. Memorial marches followed, a remembrance coalition formed, the Justice Department opened a cold-case investigation in 2022, and UNC dedicated a memorial to him in the Pit that year. Rogers Road environmental justice1972–2019 · 55 events · In 1972 officials placed the county landfill on Eubanks Road beside the historically Black Rogers Road community, promising it would run about ten years. It was expanded instead and did not close until 2013, and residents' organizing through the Rogers-Eubanks Neighborhood Association helped win a sewer line for the neighborhood, completed in 2019. Orange County landfill campaign1972 to 2013 · 32 events · The Eubanks Road landfill opened beside the Rogers Road community in 1972; four decades of expansions, lawsuits and the neighborhood's demands ended with its closure in 2013. Latino migration to Carrboro and Chapel Hill1990 to present · 30 events · Latin American families began arriving in Carrboro and Chapel Hill in the 1990s: the neighborhoods and workplaces that received them, and the institutions they built.
Show all 7 storylines

Dated events connected with this theme: twelve of 446, the highlights and a sample of the rest spread across the years, in date order. See all 446 dated events in the chronology →

  1. The William Whitted House is built facing East Queen Street A two-story frame house with a massive stone chimney is built about 1786 for William Whitted at East Queen and North Churton streets. A five-bay Italianate wing facing Churton Street was added later, possibly designed by Jules Korner of Kernersville.Search the index · NC State Historic Preservation Office: Hillsborough Historic District Additional Documentation, National Register (OR0077ad, 2014), 306 North Churton Street / 103 East Queen Street, William Whitted House
  2. The Morrow-Neville House is built on Mallette Street The two-story hip-roofed house at 118 Mallette Street, with a small rear ell and a square-columned porch that are probably original, dates from about 1900.Search the index · NC Digital Collections: Chapel Hill Historic Sites Survey: Final Report (1992), p. 21
  3. Merchant Luther Sturdivant builds a house in Partridge Field Sturdivant and his wife, longtime principal of the Carrboro Graded School, expected the empty tract called Partridge Field to become the town's new fashionable neighborhood. Knute Mann and builder John Squires soon built nearby, but by about 1940 only three more houses had followed and families were moving to the Hillsborough Road area instead.Search the index · Town of Carrboro: Brown, McSwain and Florin, Carrboro, N.C.: An Architectural and Historical Inventory (1983), p. 31
  4. Brodie Thompson rebuilds the burned Odum house in record time After fire gutted the Odum house on Sunday, February 20, 1938, the insurance was settled in five days and Thompson's crew began clearing the ruins on the sixth. Within 26 days of the fire the new house on the old foundations had its walls, roof and most of its weatherboarding, which the Weekly called the fastest building job Chapel Hill had seen. The paper names only Mr. and Mrs. Odum; the house was probably that of sociologist Howard W. Odum. People: Howard W. OdumSearch the index · DigitalNC: Chapel Hill Weekly, March 18, 1938, p. 1 (Odum House Rises Fast)
  5. James J. Freeland develops Mountain View and Colonial Hills east of Hillsborough Freeland laid out two small subdivisions of Minimal Traditional and Ranch houses on curving streets: Mountain View, beside the Eno on its north side at Highway 70 Business, where the family built its second house, and Colonial Hills, off Lawrence Road close to Highway 70A. People: James J. FreelandSearch the index · NC Digital Collections: Heather Wagner Slane, Hillsborough Architectural Survey (2017), p. 20
  6. James J. Freeland develops houses at Holiday Park In the 1960s, according to the 2017 architectural survey, Freeland developed Holiday Park northwest of town with its own pool and other amenities, at the recreation park he had opened in 1958; some of its houses were former Eno Mill village houses moved to the site. People: James J. FreelandSearch the index · NC Digital Collections: Heather Wagner Slane, Hillsborough Architectural Survey (2017), p. 21
  7. James Cates is killed outside the UNC Student Union James Lewis Cates Jr., 22, a Black Chapel Hill resident, was stabbed outside the UNC Student Union shortly before 2 a.m. during an all-night dance, in a clash with members of Durham's Storm Troopers motorcycle gang, and died at North Carolina Memorial Hospital. Three white men charged in his death were acquitted by an all-white jury in 1971. People: James L. Cates Jr.DigitalNC: The Daily Tar Heel, November 22, 1970, page 1
  8. All-white jury acquits three men in the killing of James Cates A jury of 11 men and one woman, all white, found Ronnie Broadwell, Rufus Paul Nelson and William Johnson not guilty after about an hour and a half of deliberation. The defense called no witnesses. People: James L. Cates Jr.DigitalNC: The Daily Tar Heel, March 26, 1971, page 1
  9. Jim Webb dies and his Briar Bridge Lane house passes to an estate supporting UNC's planning school Webb designed the Ruth Price House at 4 Briar Bridge Lane in 1953 and bought it in 1979. He lived there until he died in 2000, after which it went to his estate, which he had set up to benefit the UNC planning school.Search the index · NCModernist: Jim and John Webb
  10. A new Northside Elementary opened on the old Training School grounds The Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Schools opened a new Northside Elementary on the former Orange County Training School site. In 2012 neighbors had rallied to make sure the new school kept the Northside name.From the Rock Wall: Orange County Training School
  11. Tropical Storm Chantal floods Orange County Chantal dropped up to 10 inches of rain on Orange County on the night of July 6, 2025. Chapel Hill crews made more than 50 water rescues around Camelot Village and Eastgate Crossing, Carrboro's Weatherhill Pointe flooded, and the Eno at Hillsborough set a record crest on July 7. The county declared an emergency that day.Search the index · Orange County, NC Emergency Operations Center: Tropical Storm Chantal Executive Summary #8 (September 4, 2025)
  12. Orange County's clerk of superior court is honored for work in guardianship law Kleinschmidt received the Isabella Award at the National Probate Judges Conference for his contributions to guardianship and probate law. The award is named for judge Isabella Horton Grant and goes to people whose leadership improves guardianship laws, court administration and practice.Search the index · North Carolina Judicial Branch: Orange County Clerk Mark Kleinschmidt Honored Nationally for Leadership in Guardianship Law

See all 446 dated events in the chronology →

Places in this theme

Buildings, schools, churches and other sites named in the dated events on this page, the most often named first. The map shows the 36 with a known location.

Map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Site locations from the N.C. State Historic Preservation Office survey, Open Orange and OpenStreetMap; town and community pins mark the middle of their mapped buildings.

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All places and the county map →

Research sources

Resources picked for this theme, each with a note on what it holds.

Background 6

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Historic sites, markers, and maps

Records of the time

Collections and databases 8

Show all 8

Local help

Picture: Farm Security Administration photographs, Library of Congress; public domain. Image credits →

More to discover

Keep Reading Local

The Friends connect people with new library materials, local writers and publishers, and resources documenting Orange County.

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Illustration by Caldecott Medalist Matthew Cordell, gifted to the Friends 2026