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Orange County’s Black high schools: the Training School, Lincoln and Central

The Orange County Training School and Lincoln High in Chapel Hill and Central High in Hillsborough, the county’s high schools for Black students until desegregation in the late 1960s.

In briefIn 1916 the county board of education bought Louis H. Hackney's private school campus in Chapel Hill, helped by $3,000 raised by Black citizens, to house the Orange County Training School, which took the name Lincoln High School in 1949. Hillsborough's school for Black students was built in 1936 and became Central High School in 1943. Lincoln High merged with Chapel Hill High School in 1966. In 1968, a year of student walkouts against a phased desegregation plan, Central graduated its last high school class, and its high school students then went to Orange High School.

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62 works about Orange County’s Black high schools: the Training School, Lincoln and Central are indexed here.

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The Orange County Training School, Chapel Hill, about 1916
The Orange County Training School, Chapel Hill, about 1916

In the chronology

Episodes in this history, in date order. Each has its own page.

Central High School’s crowding, fire and rebuilding, 1956–19601956–1960 · 19 events · In the fall of 1956 Central School, Hillsborough's twelve-grade school for Black pupils, had 937 pupils, many of them children who had gone to Durham schools until Durham began charging out-of-county tuition. The county board adopted a plan for a classroom addition and a gymtorium, a combined gymnasium and auditorium, and until it was built put Central classes in an old lodge building on Wake Street, which a delegation of Black parents protested in 1957. On February 14, 1958 fire destroyed Central's main building. Within three weeks students were in the new classroom building, and the board accepted a new main building in June 1959. A vocational building and an elementary wing followed from 1960.

Other events in this storyline, in date order. See these 193 dated events in the chronology →

  1. The new Board of Education sets aside $50 for an institute for Black teachers At its first meeting in the Hillsboro courthouse, the board created under the 1885 school law organized with Joseph Harris as chairman and voted fifty dollars to hold a training institute for the county's Black teachers. People: George Tayloe Winston, James L. Currie, Benjamin C. PattonDigitalNC: Irene Oliver Pender, A History of Orange County Schools, 1752-1983 (1983), p. 34
  2. The school board condemns a lot for a school for Black children at Walnut Grove After two committees were named in March and September 1887 to condemn half an acre in the Walnut Grove district, the board had the deed for the site of a schoolhouse for Black children recorded on October 1. People: Isaac R. StrayhornDigitalNC: Irene Oliver Pender, A History of Orange County Schools, 1752-1983 (1983), p. 39
  3. The superintendent's report shows Black schools running half the term of white schools Currie's annual report counted 33 white and 25 Black public schools. White schools averaged close to nine weeks of teaching and Black schools under four and a half, and Black women teachers earned $17 a month against $24 for white women. People: James L. CurrieDigitalNC: Irene Oliver Pender, A History of Orange County Schools, 1752-1983 (1983), p. 40
  4. The 1899 school report shows two and a half times as much spent on white schools as Black Supervisor John Thompson's report for 1899 counted 50 white and 25 Black schools and $4,391.51 spent on white schools against $1,688.09 on Black schools. Almost half the schoolhouses of each race were still log. People: John W. ThompsonDigitalNC: Irene Oliver Pender, A History of Orange County Schools, 1752-1983 (1983), p. 49
  5. Louis H. Hackney opens a school for Black students in Chapel Hill Louis H. Hackney, minister of Rock Hill Baptist Church, opened Hackney's Industrial and Educational Institute, a private school for Black students on Merritt Mill Road in Chapel Hill. People: Louis H. HackneyNC State Historic Preservation Office: Ridge Road School National Register nomination (2023), sec. 8 p. 8 · Also: Open Orange: Louis H. Hackney
  6. Hackney's school on Merritt Mill Road is bought for a public training school Louis Hackney had opened his school for Black students on Merritt Mill Road in 1912. In 1916 the property was bought for a public training school for Black students, after Black residents raised $3,000 toward the purchase. People: Louis H. HackneyNC State Historic Preservation Office: Ridge Road School National Register nomination (2023), sec. 8 p. 8 · Also: Open Orange: Orange County Training School
  7. The Chapel Hill Community Club takes up the need for a public school for Black children At the Chapel Hill Community Club's regular meeting a Mr. Walker laid before the club the urgent need of the town's Black residents for a public school and the plans for getting one. The same meeting heard Dr. Pratt on conserving the town's shade trees and agreed to join the school in an Arbor Day celebration on November 10.The News (Chapel Hill), November 9, 1916, p. 5
  8. Robert and Mollie Malone open Orange County Training School on the old Hackney campus Principal Robert E. Malone, his wife Mollie Holmes Malone as domestic science teacher, and two other teachers began classes in academic, industrial and farm subjects at the county's new training school for Black students. Black residents had raised $3,000 toward the board's 1916 purchase of the Hackney campus on Merritt Mill Road.NC State Historic Preservation Office: Ridge Road School, National Register nomination (OR1104), p. 13
  9. State and General Education Board agents visit R. E. Malone's school for Black pupils at Chapel Hill Reprinting a News and Observer piece by S. R. Winters, the News reported that N. C. Newbold of the State Department of Education and Jackson Davis of the General Education Board had visited the Chapel Hill school for Black children led by R. E. Malone. About 200 pupils were enrolled, and the article, citing the University's inspector of secondary schools, N. W. Walker, likened the school to Hampton and Tuskegee for its industrial training and Malone's fruit-growing work. People: N. C. (Nathan Carter) NewboldThe News (Chapel Hill), November 29, 1917, p. 1
  10. Orange County Training School enrolls 215 students Two years after it opened on the former Hackney campus in Chapel Hill, the county's training school for Black students had 215 enrolled.NC State Historic Preservation Office: Ridge Road School, National Register nomination (OR1104), p. 13
  11. Bruce L. Bozeman becomes principal of the county training school for Black students at Chapel Hill Professor Bruce L. Bozeman, an Alabama native and Hampton Institute graduate with ten years' teaching behind him, most recently at the state school for Black boys at Broad Neck, Virginia, was named the new principal of the Colored County Training School of Chapel Hill. Trained in agriculture, he was to carry on the school's work among the county's farmers and boys; Mrs. Bozeman was also an experienced teacher. People: Bruce L. BozemanThe News (Chapel Hill), October 16, 1919, p. 4
  12. Orange County Training School holds a farmers' conference and community fair The Orange County Training School, the county's Black training school at Chapel Hill, held a farmers' conference and community fair with prizes for corn, hay, livestock, canning, baking, needlework and school garden work. Principal B. L. Bozeman reported that white visitors, among them county agent E. S. Vanatta, Mrs. Collier Cobb and M. C. S. Noble, spoke, and that former principal R. E. Malone praised the school and its teachers. People: M. C. S. Noble, Bruce L. BozemanThe News (Chapel Hill), November 27, 1919, p. 4
Show all 193 dated events
  1. Black residents of Chapel Hill rally to pay the Training School's debt and build anew Black residents of Chapel Hill met on Sunday afternoon, February 1, to back the Orange County Training School. George McCauley and Thomas L. McDade asked for money to pay off the school's debt and buy more land for better buildings, teacher Mabel D. Holmes read an essay on the need for a modern building, M. C. S. Noble of the University spoke, and the meeting collected $35. Principal B. L. Bozeman followed with a printed appeal for a dormitory and a demonstration plot, checks to go to Noble as treasurer. People: M. C. S. Noble, Bruce L. BozemanThe News (Chapel Hill), February 5, 1920, p. 1
  2. Cool Springs gets a two-teacher Rosenwald school for Black children Cool Springs got a two-teacher Rosenwald school for Black children in the Rosenwald Fund's 1921-22 budget year, one of four Orange County schools the Fund helped build. It cost $3,200: $1,800 raised by the Black community, $600 in public money and $800 from the Fund.Search the index · Fisk University, Rosenwald Fund Card File: Cool Springs School, Orange County (application 22-A) · Also: NC Historic Preservation Office: Richard L. Mattson, History and Architecture of Orange County
  3. Orange County Training School holds a week of commencement exercises The Black training school at Chapel Hill held commencement exercises from May 10 to 16 in the town's Black churches and lodges, and the halls were packed each night; some 900 to 1,000 people crowded into a hall seating about 500 for the elementary grades' concert. A writer for the News described the school's carpentry shop, farming and domestic science classes and its seven elementary and four high school grades under principal B. L. Bozeman. People: Bruce L. BozemanThe News (Chapel Hill), June 22, 1922, p. 1
  4. Orange County Training School burns About 4 a.m. on Monday, June 12, 1922, fire broke out in the Sallie Flanner house, a large two-story frame house on South-West Lane at the edge of the Carrboro town limits where eight or ten Black roomers lived; the News supposed it began in the kitchen, and two roomers were hurt jumping from windows. With no hydrant near, firemen had to borrow hose from the University and Carrboro to reach one almost half a mile away. The fire spread to the house of the school's head, Bozeman, and destroyed the large school building and one or two other buildings of the Orange County Training School, the county's school for Black students on the former Hackney campus; most of the furniture was saved. The school reopened on September 20, using the Masonic and Odd Fellows halls, a hall over the picture house and a dwelling on Rosemary Street until it could rebuild, and in spring 1923 its pupils were meeting in the Odd Fellows' hall, lent free of charge. A Rosenwald-aided brick building replaced the burned campus in 1924.NC State Historic Preservation Office: Ridge Road School, National Register nomination (OR1104), p. 15 · Also: The News (Chapel Hill), September 14, 1922, p. 5; Chapel Hill Weekly, April 5, 1923, p. 1; Open Orange: Orange County Training School; The News (Chapel Hill), June 15, 1922, p. 1
  5. Parents reorganize the Parent-Teacher Association at the Orange County Training School Sixty parents and friends of the Orange County Training School, the county's school for Black students in Chapel Hill, met with the teachers at the teachers' cottage on Wednesday night, October 3, 1923, and reorganized the Parent-Teacher Association, electing Mrs. L. M. Bozeman president, Mrs. Shadie B. Hackney secretary and Mrs. Alice Neal treasurer. Principal B. L. Bozeman presided, Rev. George McCauley, president of the trustees, opened a talk on the school's needs, and Dr. D. E. Caldwell spoke. People: Bruce L. BozemanThe News (Chapel Hill), October 25, 1923, p. 1
  6. Efland gets a three-teacher Rosenwald school for Black children Efland's three-teacher Rosenwald school for Black children went up in 1924-25 (Rosenwald budget year 1924-25) at a cost of $4,810: $900 from the Rosenwald Fund, $200 from Black residents and $3,710 in public money. The county board put the $501 from its August 4, 1924 sale of the old Efland school toward it and inspected the building while it was under way that October.Search the index · Fisk University Rosenwald Fund Card File: Efland School, Orange County, N.C. (application 38-D) · Also: NC Historic Preservation Office: Richard L. Mattson, History and Architecture of Orange County
  7. Orange County Training School opens a Rosenwald campus The Orange County Training School's new brick building for Black students rose on land given by Henry Strowd at the north end of Church Street in Northside, Chapel Hill. Its cornerstone was laid on Labor Day 1924 and it opened late that year; the Rosenwald Fund gave $1,500 of its $23,112 cost, Black residents $500.The Chapel Hill Weekly, December 18, 1924, p. 1: Negro Children's Rally (celebrating the opening of the new building)
  8. Black residents lay the cornerstone of the new Orange County Training School building A large crowd of Black residents of Chapel Hill and the country around turned out for the cornerstone laying of the new Orange County Training School building on the Henry Strowd hill at the end of Church Street. Black Masons conducted the ceremony, the Chapel Hill colored band played, school board chairman M. C. S. Noble introduced N. C. Newbold, the state director of Negro education, who gave the address, and the school's principal and local trustees took part. People: M. C. S. Noble, N. C. (Nathan Carter) NewboldThe News (Chapel Hill), September 4, 1924, p. 4
  9. Community Club women carry household goods and books to the Orange County Training School The Chapel Hill Community Club canvassed the town for books, maps, cooking utensils, crockery and other things needed at the Orange County Training School, the town's school for Black children, and on February 6, 1925, members drove the gifts out to the school's new building at the end of Church Street. Superintendent B. L. Bozeman thanked the club for the goods and $12 for the domestic science class and said the school still needed classroom maps and auditorium seats. People: Bruce L. BozemanThe Chapel Hill Weekly, February 19, 1925, p. 1
  10. Orange County's Black schools hold their county commencement at the Orange County Training School Black schools from across Orange County, among them Bethel, Terrell's Creek, Oaks, High Rock, Cedar Grove, Efland, Morris Grove, Wardsville, Hillsboro, Rosemary and Hairston Grove, met at the Orange County Training School in Chapel Hill on April 9, 1925, for contests in story-telling, declamation, singing and spelling, exhibits of sewing, embroidery and cooking, a baseball game, and an evening address by E. D. Mickle of Durham. G. E. Davis of the state education department and the Rosenwald Fund told the gathering that Black North Carolinians were giving $100,000 a year toward their schools; the Training School took most of the first prizes.The Chapel Hill Weekly, April 16, 1925, p. 4
  11. Black citizens of Chapel Hill organize a Community Fair Association to support the Orange County Training School About thirty Black citizens met in the Training School auditorium, organized the Community Fair Association to help the school and through it the county's farmers, and elected Johnson Merritt and Charles Craig presidents. Committees were named to raise money for the auditorium platform, floors, the farm shop and library, light fixtures and water spigots, to report by Labor Day. People: Kennon Cheek, Louis H. Hackney, Charles C. CraigThe Chapel Hill Weekly, June 26, 1925, p. 3
  12. Orange County Training School opens its year with its largest attendance and a drive for auditorium chairs The Training School's faculty opened the year with a Sunday evening program for parents in the new auditorium, with the Rock Hill Baptist choir, where Black residents pledged auditorium chairs at $3.60 each and raised $59.45. Classes began the next morning with the largest attendance in the school's history and seven new teachers. People: Bruce L. BozemanThe Chapel Hill Weekly, September 18, 1925, p. 6
  13. Orange County Training School publishes a newspaper, The Orange Jewel The Orange County Training School put out a newspaper called The Orange Jewel, written by its teachers and pupils, for a large celebration Black residents planned for October 29. Its articles dealt with the educational, business and other work of Black Chapel Hill.The Chapel Hill Weekly, October 23, 1925, p. 1
  14. Black church choirs hold a song festival at the Orange County Training School Choirs from Rock Hill Baptist Church, Mount Sinai and Markham's Chapel gathered in the auditorium of the Orange County Training School and sang from noon until after three o'clock. Principal B. L. Bozeman gave the welcome and W. C. Lasater of Durham responded. People: Bruce L. BozemanThe Chapel Hill Weekly, December 4, 1925, p. 3
  15. The Orange County Training School publishes its newspaper, The Orange Jewel The fourth number of The Orange Jewel, the newspaper of the Orange County Training School, Chapel Hill's Black school, came out on January 29, 1926. The Weekly said the paper recorded the pupils' work in and out of class, with sections on athletics and student opinion, and had drawn favorable comment in educational circles.The Chapel Hill Weekly, January 29, 1926, p. 3
  16. Orange County Training School students show their Red Cross home nursing training On May 12, 1926, five girls who had finished the Red Cross home nursing course under Nurse Compton showed their bed-making, bandaging and care of the sick at the Orange County Training School, Chapel Hill's Black school, along with a fashion show of dresses made in its domestic science classes. The Weekly reported that the town government had taken over part of the nurse's salary, first paid by the Red Cross, the tuberculosis seal fund and Black residents, making her a town employee under health officer S. A. Nathan. People: S. A. NathanThe Chapel Hill Weekly, May 14, 1926, p. 1
  17. Orange County Training School opens its fall term with 280 pupils Chapel Hill's Black school, the Orange County Training School, opened its 1926-1927 session with exercises on Sunday afternoon, September 19, led by Principal B. L. Bozeman, and regular classes began the next day. The Weekly reported 280 pupils enrolled so far, a considerable increase over the opening a year before, and the school planned a fair for the fall. People: Bruce L. BozemanThe Chapel Hill Weekly, September 24, 1926, p. 3
  18. The Orange County Training School holds Armistice Day exercises J. S. Holmes, the state forester and a former Chapel Hill resident, was the chief speaker at the Orange County Training School's Armistice Day exercises. He spoke on the ideal of peace and reviewed the history of the movement that established the school. People: John Simcox HolmesThe Chapel Hill Weekly, November 19, 1926, p. 4
  19. Orange County Training School graduates twelve The county training school for Black students at Chapel Hill held its commencement with orations by three graduates, spirituals by the glee club and a male quartet, an address by Rev. Eugene Olive and diplomas presented by M. C. S. Noble of the University faculty; twelve boys and girls graduated. The Weekly noted the large crowd and the simple dignity of the ceremony. People: M. C. S. Noble, John CaldwellThe Chapel Hill Weekly, May 27, 1927, p. 1
  20. The Orange County Training School opens its fall term The Orange County Training School, Chapel Hill's school for Black pupils, opened for the year on September 19. W. M. McDade, for many years a University janitor and known to thousands of alumni as Bill McDade, gave the welcoming address.The Chapel Hill Weekly, September 23, 1927, p. 1
  21. Orange County Training School students win offices at the state conference of Black vocational schools At the state vocational conference of Black schools in Greensboro, two of the seven members elected to the executive committee came from the Orange County Training School in Chapel Hill. Its students, coached by principal and vocational teacher B. L. Bozeman, did well in project records. People: Bruce L. BozemanThe Chapel Hill Weekly, April 20, 1928, p. 5
  22. The county board funds a two-room Morris Grove School, with Black families paying part The school board approved a gable-roofed, two-room frame school at Morris Grove in Chapel Hill Township. Black residents gave $250 toward it and supplied the lumber, and Louis Webb and Labon Hogan built it; the building survives, long vacant.Search the index · NC State Historic Preservation Office: Ridge Road School, National Register nomination (OR1104), p. 21
  23. Black parents and teachers raise money to lengthen the term of Chapel Hill's Black high school Chapel Hill's Black high school, which M. C. S. Noble said was the only school in Orange County doing high school work for Black students, had only a six-month term, and its Parent-Teachers Association raised $425 in pledges among Black residents and sent Charles C. Craig to solicit white citizens, who gave $106 in cash and $70 in pledges by February 11. A campaign by the school's teachers and pupils added $153, and principal C. C. Scott quoted the state supervisor of Black high schools that it was the only high school of its class in the state with a six-month term. People: M. C. S. Noble, Charles C. CraigThe Chapel Hill Weekly, February 14, 1930, p. 2
  24. A Black community chorus and Paul Green give a benefit for the Black school term The Colored Community Chorus and the Silver-Tongued Quartet sang spirituals and Paul Green read his new play of Chapel Hill's Black quarter, 'Potter's Field,' before a crowded house at the Playmakers Theatre, and the free-will offering of $72.60 went toward extending the Black school's term from six months to eight. The Rosenwald Fund had promised to match $800 raised locally, of which Black leaders had already raised $500. People: Paul GreenThe Chapel Hill Weekly, March 14, 1930, p. 1
  25. Voters enlarge the Chapel Hill graded school district Voters in the territory around Chapel Hill approved taking it into the Chapel Hill graded school district and its special school tax, 99 to 4, with 143 registered, and both white and Black voters took part. The change ended tuition charges for children from outside the old district and brought the Orange County Training School into the district.Search the index · The Chapel Hill Weekly, May 23, 1930, p. 7
  26. Black patrons raise money to give the Orange County Training School an eight-month term Black patrons of the Orange County Training School in Chapel Hill closed a fund campaign that, with more than $200 from white residents and a conditional gift from the Rosenwald Fund, let the school run its full eight-month term. The Weekly reported plans to make the longer term permanent; the principal, faculty, patrons and the Parent-Teacher Association ran the drive.The Chapel Hill Weekly, May 9, 1930, p. 6
  27. The county board agrees to pay for five new or enlarged schools for Black children Despite the Depression, the Orange County board agreed to fund buildings or additions at Merritts, Ridge Road, Sunnyside, White Oak Grove and Sartin, schools of one to three rooms for Black children. Each community had to supply its own lumber; Ridge Road was first allotted $500.Search the index · NC State Historic Preservation Office: Ridge Road School, National Register nomination (OR1104), p. 15
  28. Termites leave the Orange County Training School building unsafe, and its commencement moves to Rock Hill Baptist Church Termites ate away beams and sills in the Orange County Training School, Chapel Hill's school for Black pupils, and the building was declared unsafe, so the graduating exercises planned for its auditorium were held instead on the evening of June 2 at Rock Hill Baptist Church on West Franklin Street. The Weekly put the cost of repairs at $1,500 to $2,000 and noted that termites had attacked the building once before a few years earlier.The Chapel Hill Weekly, June 2, 1933, p. 1
  29. Brodie S. Thompson gets the contract to repair the termite-damaged Orange County Training School Brodie S. Thompson, the low bidder at $623, won the contract to repair the Orange County Training School building, rebuilding the floors and sills of the two east rooms, the concrete floors of the three west rooms, ceilings and beams, and the front porch and steps. H. C. Wills and Sons got the tin work on both the white and the Black school buildings. People: Brodie ThompsonThe Chapel Hill Weekly, August 18, 1933, p. 5
  30. Harold M. Holmes becomes principal of the Orange County Training School Superintendent H. F. Munch, with the school board's approval, engaged Harold M. Holmes, for five years a teacher at Greensboro's Dudley High School, as principal of the Orange County Training School, Chapel Hill's school for Black children. The school opened under him on Tuesday, September 12. People: Harold M. HolmesThe Chapel Hill Weekly, September 8, 1933, p. 1
  31. Orange County Training School's attendance earns it more teachers than its building can hold With an average daily attendance of 362, Chapel Hill's Black school, the Orange County Training School, qualified under the state ratio for an additional teacher, and by July its attendance entitled it to two more. The Weekly reported that the building did not have rooms enough for the classes.The Chapel Hill Weekly, July 20, 1934, p. 5
  32. St. Joseph CME builds its first church on West Rosemary Street The Weekly reported on June 9, 1933 that the mortgage on Cotton Chapel, the congregation's church in the northwest part of the village, had been foreclosed and the building sold, and that the pastor, Rev. J. S. Miller, was appealing for help to buy a new site and build anew. Henry Baldwin, Margaret Burnette and Kennon Cheek mortgaged their homes for the down payment on the Rosemary Street lot, which Black leaders had judged too small for a new high school. A frame church went up under Miller and was dedicated as St. Joseph Colored Methodist Episcopal Church. In September 1935 the Weekly reported that Black Methodists had almost completed a new church on West Rosemary Street near the town line, and by 1937 it was naming St. Joseph's C. M. E. church. People: Kennon CheekThe Marian Cheek Jackson Center: Saint Joseph CME Church historical sketch, 118th anniversary journal (2016) · Also: Chapel Hill Weekly, June 9, 1933, p. 5; Chapel Hill Weekly, September 6, 1935, p. 4; Chapel Hill Weekly, March 12, 1937, p. 5
  33. Black families from five northern Orange schools ask for a brick consolidated school Parents from five schools for Black children, Cedar Grove, Carr, Harmony, Sartins and White Oak, asked the board for a new brick building to replace them. The board promised to look into it; a site near Vincent's Store for a Cedar Grove school for Black children was bought in 1946.DigitalNC: Irene Oliver Pender, A History of Orange County Schools, 1752-1983 (1983), p. 79
  34. The county board hires builders for White Oak Grove, Sartin, Piney Mountain and New Branch schools After architect H. D. Carter ran the bidding, the board chose the contractors Forrest and Roberts to build a two-room White Oak Grove School and add second rooms to Sartin and Piney Mountain schools, all for Black children, and W. H. Woods to build a one-room New Branch School. People: H. D. CarterSearch the index · NC State Historic Preservation Office: Ridge Road School, National Register nomination (OR1104), p. 22 · Also: Chapel Hill Weekly, August 23, 1935, p. 5
  35. The county board of education buys five acres beside the Orange County Training School Planning a $20,000 brick addition of eight classrooms for Chapel Hill's Black school, the first of the county's PWA projects to get under way, the county board of education bought a five-acre plot adjoining the school grounds on the east for playgrounds. Building was expected to start by mid-November. People: H. D. CarterThe Chapel Hill Weekly, September 20, 1935, p. 1
  36. The county board of education asks for bids on seven PWA school jobs The Orange County board of education advertised for bids, due November 1, on a 10-room addition to the Chapel Hill Black school, a 12-room Black school with an auditorium in Hillsboro, two-room additions at Carrboro and Aycock, auditoriums at Murphey and St. Mary's, and toilets and sewage disposal at Orange Grove. A second call followed for the Hillsboro white school addition and a new West Hillsboro school, with bids due November 8. People: H. D. CarterSearch the index · The Chapel Hill Weekly, October 18, 1935, p. 1
  37. Black Chapel Hill residents petition the school board to move their school to a new site Some of Chapel Hill's Black residents petitioned the school board to move the Orange County Training School, complaining that the site was not central, lay outside the town limits without fire or police protection or lights, and had no playground or athletic field and gullied grounds. On October 11 the board answered that it would keep the site, renovate the old building, add a new one, buy more land and a better approach, and arrange fire protection. People: R. E. CokerThe Chapel Hill Weekly, October 4, 1935, p. 1
  38. County lets contracts for a new Hillsboro school and a Training School addition for Black pupils After first bids ran well over estimates, $47,000 against $30,000 for Hillsboro and $25,625 against $21,200 for Chapel Hill, the county redrew the plans, cutting the new Hillsboro school for Black children from 12 rooms to 8 and the Chapel Hill addition from 8 rooms to 6, and advertised for new bids, due December 5. Contracts went to Southeastern Construction Company for the Hillsboro school, $36,404 with plumbing and heating, and to Thompson and Cannada for the six-room addition to the Orange County Training School, $23,493.50 in all.The Chapel Hill Weekly, January 3, 1936, p. 3
  39. Hillsborough's new high school for Black students is built Hillsborough's new school for Black students was built in 1936 with Public Works Administration aid on land the county board bought from Louis Wilson and George Mayo. When the Chapel Hill Weekly toured it in May it had eight rooms and an auditorium, with completion expected in about six weeks. It opened as Hillsboro High School for Negroes under principal E. C. Hester. A. L. Stanback became principal in 1942, and in 1943 the school became Central High School. From 1948 the PTA staffed the school library three times a week so it could be opened to the Black community. People: A. L. StanbackNC State Historic Preservation Office: Cedar Grove School, National Register nomination (OR3044), p. 25 · Also: Chapel Hill Weekly, May 22, 1936, p. 1; DigitalNC: Irene Oliver Pender, A History of Orange County Schools, 1752-1983; Chapel Hill Weekly, October 18, 1935, p. 1; Open Orange: Central High School
  40. Orange County builds a brick school for Black students in Hillsboro Under a PWA-aided building program the county built an eight-room brick school for Black children in Hillsboro in 1935-36, with an auditorium, steam heat and plumbing. High school grades are first reported there for 1938-39, as the Hillsborough High School for Negroes; it became Central High School.The Chapel Hill Weekly, May 22, 1936, p. 1 · Also: Chapel Hill Weekly, October 18, 1935, p. 1
  41. Work begins on the six-room addition to the Orange County Training School Construction began on the PWA-funded six-room addition to the Orange County Training School, Chapel Hill's school for Black children, about a week before the Weekly's January 17 report.The Chapel Hill Weekly, January 17, 1936, p. 1
  42. The county school board buys land for a new Black school in Hillsboro The Orange County Board of Education bought the Hillsboro colored school site from Louis Wilson and George Mayo, paying $1,100 to each. The new school for Black students went up there that year.DigitalNC: Irene Oliver Pender, A History of Orange County Schools, 1752-1983 (1983), p. 80
  43. Orange County lets a PWA building contract at Chapel Hill's school for Black children By May 22, 1936 a $23,493 building contract at the school for Black children in Chapel Hill was under way as one of ten county school projects paid for about 45 per cent by a federal PWA grant and the rest by county bonds.The Chapel Hill Weekly, May 22, 1936, p. 6
  44. Enrollment at Chapel Hill's Black high school rises to 97 Opening figures showed 501 pupils in the white elementary grades and 291 in the white high school. At the school for Black children the elementary grades enrolled 332, twenty fewer than a year before, while the high school grew from 75 to 97.The Chapel Hill Weekly, September 18, 1936, p. 1
  45. A Black company from Mebane gives a play at the Orange County Training School Black actors from Mebane gave 'The Modern Prodigal' in the auditorium of the Orange County Training School, with a quartet and chorus singing spirituals; white people were welcome.The Chapel Hill Weekly, November 20, 1936, p. 6
  46. The Orange County Training School gets a $24,000 addition H. D. Carter's review of 1936 building in and around Chapel Hill listed a $24,000 addition to the Orange County Training School, the county's school for Black students. A WPA plan to grade its grounds, sought in October along with the grounds of the new white high school, was set aside in December because the WPA found no relief labor available in Chapel Hill. People: H. D. CarterThe Chapel Hill Weekly, December 18, 1936, p. 1
  47. The Orange County Training School opens with a record enrollment and new courses Chapel Hill's school for Black children opened with a record 420 pupils, 101 of them in high school, against 369 a year before, and the county provided a bus for high school students from Sunnyside, Merritt, Morris Grove, Piney Mount and Damascus. For the first time the high school offered two years each of industrial arts and home economics, special music courses and night classes for adults. People: Harold M. HolmesThe Chapel Hill Weekly, September 10, 1937, p. 4
  48. State inspector finds the Orange County Training School meets the standards for a 1A rating H. L. Trigg, inspector of Negro high schools for the State Department of Public Instruction, visited the school and reported that it had met the department's requirements for a 1A rating; it had been rated 2B since 1932. People: Harold M. HolmesThe Chapel Hill Weekly, September 10, 1937, p. 4
  49. The Black parents' PTA pays for eye tests and glasses for Orange County's Black schoolchildren The Negro Parent-Teacher Association used money it had saved for health work to provide eye examinations and glasses, at special rates from Durham specialists, for every Black school child in Orange County whom the health department had found to have poor vision; parents who could paid part or all of the cost, and teachers and neighbors arranged transportation. Health officer W. P. Richardson called it one of the most valuable projects of its kind he knew. People: William P. RichardsonSearch the index · The Chapel Hill Weekly, September 17, 1937, p. 1
  50. The Orange County Training School PTA elects Charles C. Craig and starts a drive for shop machinery At its first meeting of the year the Black school's Parent-Teacher Association chose Charles C. Craig as president and voted to raise money for manual training machinery, a victrola and radio for the music department, and a mimeograph machine, projects proposed by principal H. M. Holmes. In late October the association reported on the drive, and Superintendent A. W. Honeycutt praised the school's two new departments, home economics and manual training. People: Charles C. Craig, Harold M. Holmes, Allison W. HoneycuttThe Chapel Hill Weekly, September 24, 1937, p. 6
  51. The Orange County Training School starts a free homemaking class for Black women As part of the Black school's new vocational home economics program, an adult homemaking class began meeting on Thursday nights, free to women over sixteen, with a large first enrollment; the fall unit on choosing and making clothing ran to November 18, and a winter unit was to cover meal planning and buying and cooking food.The Chapel Hill Weekly, October 8, 1937, p. 5
  52. The Orange County Training School PTA raises money for shop machinery At its Monday meeting the parent-teacher association of the Black school reported $135.38 raised in a month toward machinery for the manual training department.The Chapel Hill Weekly, November 12, 1937, p. 2
  53. Louis H. Hackney dies in Chapel Hill Louis H. Hackney, pastor of Rock Hill Baptist Church for sixty years, a teacher who had kept a school on West Franklin Street, and founder in 1912 of the private school on Merritt Mill Road that became Orange County Training School, died at his home in Chapel Hill on December 19, 1937, at 83. He was buried in a Black section of the Old Chapel Hill Cemetery.Search the index · The Chapel Hill Weekly, December 24, 1937, p. 6 · Also: NC State Historic Preservation Office: Ridge Road School, National Register nomination; Cemetery Census: Chapel Hill Cemetery [Old], Black sections A-B; Open Orange: Louis H. Hackney
  54. The Orange County Training School observes Negro History Week The Black school in Chapel Hill marked the week with assembly programs, homeroom discussions and a public program on the evening of February 11. Its home economics department also announced ten evening classes in home improvement for adults and young people out of school, with an open house and exhibit on February 14.The Chapel Hill Weekly, February 11, 1938, p. 1
  55. Black Chapel Hill mothers organize a garden club at the Orange County Training School The Chapel Hill Mothers' Mission Club, a Black women's club, and the school's home economics teacher held a Better Homes and Garden Week program at the Orange County Training School and organized a Black garden club. The school's student council had already led a clean-up campaign of the school grounds.Search the index · The Chapel Hill Weekly, May 6, 1938, p. 5
  56. The Orange County Training School graduates its largest class, fourteen Chapel Hill's Black high school held its commencement before a crowded auditorium; eight seniors spoke on the school's activities in place of a guest speaker. The Weekly reported 14 graduates, the largest class in the school's history. People: R. E. Coker, Harold M. Holmes, Allison W. HoneycuttThe Chapel Hill Weekly, June 3, 1938, p. 5
  57. WPA workers build a road and begin grading playgrounds at the Orange County Training School WPA crews began building a new broad road to connect Chapel Hill's school for Black students, the Orange County Training School, with Church Street, and grading was about to begin on its rocky, gullied grounds for a football field, smaller playgrounds and tennis courts, with stone retaining walls and graded paths toward the ravine and toward Carrboro. The school board had A. R. Hollett plan the work; the Weekly noted that Black citizens had long and rightly complained that the school was hard to reach on foot or by car. People: Arthur R. HollettThe Chapel Hill Weekly, October 21, 1938, p. 1
  58. The Orange County Training School holds an open house for parents and patrons The P.T.A. of Chapel Hill's school for Black students met at the school while teachers and students showed classes at work and pupils' work in the classrooms, the industrial arts shop, the science laboratory and the home economics room, with music by the first- and second-grade rhythm band and the music classes. That fall, the Weekly reported, the school had a qualified music teacher for the first time; its P.T.A. had raised $136.17 for manual training machinery, $52.79 for auditorium curtains and $20 for a radio, and the Community Club's education department was collecting books, records and kitchen equipment for it.The Chapel Hill Weekly, December 16, 1938, p. 2
  59. County school board calls for bids on a two-room addition to the Hillsboro Black school The Orange County Board of Education, M. W. Durham chairman, advertised for sealed bids, to be opened July 27, for a general and a heating contract on a two-room addition to the northeast wing of the Hillsboro school for Black pupils. The award was to depend on funds being made available and on the commissioners' approval. People: R. H. Claytor, Moody W. DurhamThe Chapel Hill Weekly, July 12, 1940, p. 5
  60. The Orange County Training School opens with a record enrollment The Black elementary and high school at the north end of Church Street opened on September 6 with a record first-day enrollment of 532, 369 in the elementary grades and 163 in high school, 34 more than the year before. Principal H. M. Holmes counted 540 by midweek, and two weeks later the school reported 659 pupils; new teachers included Harry N. Simms, a Tuskegee graduate, in industrial arts. People: Harold M. HolmesThe Chapel Hill Weekly, September 13, 1940, p. 5
  61. A. L. Stanback succeeds E. C. Hester as principal of Hillsborough's high school for Black students Albert Leon Stanback, a teacher at the Hillsboro High School for Negroes, replaced its first principal, E. C. Hester, in 1942. The school took the name Central High School the next year, and Stanback later pushed for the Cedar Grove consolidated school to take the lower grades. People: A. L. StanbackNC State Historic Preservation Office: Cedar Grove School, National Register nomination (OR3044), p. 25
  62. Orange County Training School opens defense trade classes for Black youth Defense classes for out-of-school Black young people began meeting every evening at the Orange County Training School, with Charles Brooks, one of Chapel Hill's leading Black contractors, teaching carpentry and Jody M. Harris teaching elementary electricity, under the general supervision of W. F. Lathan. The eight-week classes drew a heavy enrollment, and Harris said their aim was to train workers for the labor shortage. People: William F. LathanThe Chapel Hill Weekly, January 16, 1942, p. 6
  63. Orange County Training School pupils and teachers buy defense stamps Students and teachers at the Orange County Training School, Chapel Hill's Black school, bought more than $60 in defense savings stamps in three weeks, sold every day at activity and lunch periods in every grade from the first through the eleventh, with graphs of each class's sales posted to spur them on. The school's committee aimed to have every student and teacher buy at least one stamp before the year ended.The Chapel Hill Weekly, February 13, 1942, p. 6
  64. The Orange County Training School adds an eighth grade and has no ninth grade for the year Under the state's change to a twelve-year school program, all of the Black school's 1942 seventh-grade graduates moved into a new eighth grade of 43 pupils instead of entering high school, so the Orange County Training School had no ninth grade in 1942-43. The school opened September 3 under principal H. M. Holmes, with an enrollment the Weekly reported as 512. People: Harold M. HolmesThe Chapel Hill Weekly, September 18, 1942, p. 2
  65. Orange County Training School organizes a New Farmers of America chapter Agriculture students at the Orange County Training School, Chapel Hill's school for Black pupils, organized a chapter of the New Farmers of America. The Weekly reported that the members went house to house on Thanksgiving Day and again on December 12 to collect scrap, formed a thrift club buying defense stamps every week, and were planning projects to raise poultry, eggs, pork, vegetables and soybeans and to help neighboring farmers do the same.The Chapel Hill Weekly, December 18, 1942, p. 2
  66. The Hillsborough High School for Negroes takes the name Central High School Under principal A. L. Stanback, the school for Black students in Hillsborough changed its name to Central High School in 1943. People: A. L. StanbackNational Register: Hillsborough Historic District Additional Documentation (2014), p. 215
  67. Orange County Training School reports its war work Principal H. M. Holmes reported that the Orange County Training School, Chapel Hill's Black school, had collected 22,075 pounds of scrap in two drives, sold war stamps through its Student Council, and run defense courses for adults since December 1941. Its New Farmers of America club gathered 10,000 pounds of scrap in Thanksgiving week. People: Harold M. HolmesThe Chapel Hill Weekly, February 26, 1943, p. 6
  68. Black residents of Chapel Hill launch a Victory Garden campaign Black residents launched a Victory Garden campaign meant to reach every Black family in Chapel Hill and Bingham townships, organized at a meeting called by Supt. A. W. Honeycutt and principal H. M. Holmes. Students in the Training School's Young Farmers of America and Excella clubs were to work a school garden on a plowed field beside the school. People: R. D. Smith, Harold M. Holmes, Allison W. HoneycuttThe Chapel Hill Weekly, March 19, 1943, p. 1
  69. Orange County Training School sells $1,165 in war stamps and bonds in its Jeep campaign The Orange County Training School finished its Schools-at-War Jeep campaign, run by the Student Council from March 1 to April 19, with $1,165.45 in war stamps and bonds sold, more than the $900 cost of an Army jeep, earning a Treasury Certificate of Award. Every class took part, a first-grade class leading.The Chapel Hill Weekly, April 23, 1943, p. 5
  70. The Chapel Hill school board and its Black advisory committee agree to hire an attendance officer Meeting at the Orange County Training School, the board and its committee of Kenneth Jones, Thomas Oldham and Adolphus Clark discussed Black children kept out of school in spite of the compulsory attendance law. The committee urged enforcement, and the board decided to employ an attendance officer and ask the aldermen for the money. People: Kenneth JonesThe Chapel Hill Weekly, August 20, 1943, p. 1
  71. The Orange County Training School opens its fall term in a repaired building The Orange County Training School, Chapel Hill's Black school, opened on September 1 after summer work in which classrooms and the auditorium were painted, a workroom was cut through for the library with labor given by Charles Craig, and termite-damaged timbers were replaced. Four teachers left over the summer and four new ones joined a faculty headed by H. M. Holmes. People: Charles C. Craig, Harold M. HolmesThe Chapel Hill Weekly, September 10, 1943, p. 6
  72. Black citizens of Chapel Hill organize their own Third War Loan campaign Black residents met at the Orange County Training School to plan an appeal to the Black population to buy War Bonds, with H. M. Holmes, Kenneth Jones and Eugene White as their committee. At the bond rally in Memorial Hall on September 14, where a section was reserved for Black people, Jones spoke for the Black community, saying they were doing the very best they could. People: Harold M. Holmes, Kenneth JonesThe Chapel Hill Weekly, September 10, 1943, p. 1
  73. The aldermen and school board hire an attendance officer for the Orange County Training School At a joint meeting the aldermen and the school board decided to employ an attendance officer for the Orange County Training School after principal H. M. Holmes reported 276 absences in the high school and 835 in the elementary grades, with truancy behind 36 per cent of the lost elementary days. The $300 cost was split between the school board, the town and, by request, Carrboro, and the school's four-member Black advisory committee came to support the plan. People: Harold M. Holmes, Kenneth JonesThe Chapel Hill Weekly, November 19, 1943, p. 1
  74. Orange County Training School organizes a twelve-piece band Orange County Training School formed a twelve-piece band of trumpets, cornets, trombones and drums under agriculture teacher B. F. Garrett. The recently organized band played at a tenth-grade musical program in the school auditorium in November 1944.Search the index · Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), December 1944, p. 1
  75. D. M. Jarnagin succeeds H. M. Holmes as principal of Orange County Training School D. M. Jarnagin, former principal of Hawkins High School in Warrenton, took charge of Orange County Training School in Chapel Hill at the opening of the 1944-45 school year, filling the vacancy left by Harold M. Holmes. Four other new teachers joined the faculty despite the wartime teacher shortage. People: Harold M. HolmesLincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), December 1944, p. 1
  76. Hillsboro's high school for Black students holds its 1945 commencement Hillsboro's high school for Black students held its commencement exercises on May 31. G. F. Newell, field executive of the Occoneechee Council of the Boy Scouts of America, was the principal speaker, two seniors gave the salutatory and valedictory addresses, and members of the senior class received the prizes for essays on tuberculosis.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), June 7, 1945, p. 3
  77. A survey finds that 37 percent of Orange County Training School's high school students hold paying jobs A survey of the ninth, tenth and eleventh grades at Orange County Training School found that 37 percent of the students worked after school hours, 22 boys and 22 girls in fourteen kinds of jobs. Boys working as waiters averaged $20 a week, while girls in domestic service averaged $9 and waitresses $8.Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), May 1945, p. 5
  78. Orange County Training School's home economics department trains student teachers from three colleges The home economics department of Orange County Training School, headed by Ruth Pope, supervised practice teachers from Bennett College, North Carolina College for Negroes and Shaw University during the 1944-45 year. Shaw sent one senior for a full semester under its new policy of supervised practice teaching.Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), May 1945, p. 5
  79. Central High School adds a twelfth grade Central High School, the county's high school for Black students in Hillsborough, added a twelfth grade for the 1946-47 school year. By 1949-50 it served 443 elementary and 206 high school students. People: A. L. StanbackNational Register: Hillsborough Historic District Additional Documentation (2014), p. 215
  80. The county board approves twelve classrooms and a gymnasium for Central School The board approved a building program of twelve classrooms and a gymnasium at Central, the county's school for Black students in Hillsborough.DigitalNC: Irene Oliver Pender, A History of Orange County Schools, 1752-1983 (1983), p. 81
  81. Charles A. McDougle becomes principal of Orange County Training School Charles A. McDougle, who had taught at the school earlier, became principal of Orange County Training School in Chapel Hill at the opening of the 1946-47 year. Students credited the new principal with longer class periods, a new lunch room and other changes in his first months, and he went on to lead the school as Lincoln High. People: Charles A. McDougleLincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), May 1947, p. 1
  82. Orange County Training School opens a lunch room in the Craig building and adds two classrooms Orange County Training School opened a school lunch room in the Craig building just below the school grounds, set up by home economics girls and agriculture boys with dishes and towels given by community women. Two new classrooms, under construction since the summer of 1946 to relieve crowding, were also about to open.Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), December 1946, p. 2
  83. The Training School's student council forms a student court The student council of Orange County Training School formed a student court to promote loyalty and better conduct, under the supervision of music director H. B. Pickard, social science teacher Julia Caldwell and agriculture teacher R. D. Smith. Students served as judge, sergeant at arms and secretaries.Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), December 1946, p. 1
  84. A play school for young children opens at Hillsboro's high school for Black students Teacher Betty A. Pretty opened a play school for the youngest children of Hillsboro's Black community at the Hillsboro high school, and a number of children began attending.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), April 17, 1947, p. 7
  85. The county school board signs contracts for a three-room addition to the Hillsboro high school for Black students By May 6, 1948, the Orange County Board of Education had signed contracts totaling $23,681.70 for a three-room addition to the Hillsboro Negro High School, with T. W. Poe and Sons of Durham as general contractor and H. Raymond Weeks of Durham as architect. Work was to begin when school closed, with the rooms ready for September 1. People: Howard Raymond WeeksThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), May 6, 1948, p. 1
  86. Construction begins on a home economics building at the Hillsboro school for Black students By July 29, 1948, the county had begun building a 22 by 60 foot home economics department at the Hillsboro school for Black students, built to state specifications after the state warned the school could lose its home economics program. Superintendent Glenn T. Proffit said capital outlay money in the new county budget paid for it. People: Glenn T. ProffitThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), July 29, 1948, p. 1
  87. Sunny Side School is consolidated with the Orange County Training School By July 1, 1948, the county had consolidated Sunny Side School, one of its schools for Black children, with the Orange County Training School in Chapel Hill, while Piney Mountain School went into Morris Grove. The two consolidations cost the county's Black schools two elementary teachers for 1948-49. People: Glenn T. ProffitThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), July 1, 1948, p. 1
  88. Central High's 1949-50 reports show 649 pupils and crowded classrooms Central High School served 443 elementary and 206 high school students with twelve and eight teachers. Its library of 1,120 books also served the Black community, but nine of its eleven elementary classrooms were too small.NC State Historic Preservation Office: Hillsborough Historic District Additional Documentation, National Register (OR0077ad, 2014), Education Context
  89. Orange County Training School is renamed Lincoln High School In March 1949 the Parent-Teachers Association of the Orange County Training School, Chapel Hill's school for Black students, voted to rename it Lincoln High School and sent the request to the superintendent and school board. By May 13, 1949, the Chapel Hill Weekly reported that the name had been changed. People: Charles A. McDougleChapel Hill Weekly (May 13, 1949): Negro School's Name Is Changed
  90. Hillsboro's high school for Black students opens a vocational agriculture department After years of asking, Black citizens won state and county approval for a vocational agriculture department at the Hillsboro high school, and volunteers tore down an Army building at Camp Butner bought by the Board of Education and hauled it back to rebuild on the school grounds at no labor cost to the county. The department opened July 1 under teacher J. M. Murfree, and its building was going up in time for the school opening. People: A. L. Stanback, Roosevelt WarnerThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), August 11, 1949, p. 1
  91. Norma Snipes is appointed supervisor of the county schools for Black children In July 1949 the county named Norma Snipes, formerly a Jeans teacher who trained teachers, as supervisor of its schools for Black children. People: M. Norma SnipesDigitalNC: Irene Oliver Pender, A History of Orange County Schools, 1752-1983 (1983), p. 160
  92. Hillsboro's high school for Black students officially becomes Central High School The county's high school for Black students in Hillsboro took the official name Central High School on September 1, 1949, and opened the year under principal A. L. Stanback with eight new teachers. First-day enrollment was 518. People: A. L. StanbackThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), September 8, 1949, p. 10
  93. Principal C. A. McDougle opens Lincoln High School's year under its new name The Chapel Hill Weekly reported that Lincoln High School, the town's school for Black students, would open at 8:30 a.m. on Monday, September 12, 1949, as announced by Principal C. A. McDougle. The faculty list printed with the notice includes elementary teacher Mrs. Lucille R. McDougle and high school teacher Reginald D. Smith. People: R. D. SmithSearch the index · The Chapel Hill Weekly, September 9, 1949, p. 6 (Negro High School Opening Next Monday) · Also: Chapel Hill Weekly, September 16, 1949, p. 2
  94. Orange County's association of Black parent-teacher groups meets at Central High with record membership The county association of Black parent-teacher groups held its first meeting of the year at Central High School in Hillsboro and reported the largest membership in its history. Parents talked over the school bond issue and the conditions in the county's schools for Black children, heard health educator Howard Fitts on child guidance, and elected officers to be installed November 17 at Sartin School.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), October 20, 1949, p. 1
  95. Bond money sets aside $235,000 for a new Lincoln High School After voters passed the school bond issue by a wide margin, $235,000 was allotted for a new Lincoln High School building, the school paper reported. It noted that Black enrollment had grown from 250 in 1936 to 600 in 1949, against a rise from 900 to 1,000 white pupils, and in February 1950 Superintendent C. W. Davis said building would begin that spring.Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), December 13, 1949, p. 2
  96. The county school board signs Archie Davis to design a new school for Black students in Chapel Hill The Orange County Board of Education signed an agreement with architect Archie Davis for plans and supervision of construction of the new school for Black students to be built in Chapel Hill. The same day the county commissioners asked the State Highway Commission to stabilize the Merritt Mill road from the town limits to the proposed school site. People: Archie Royal DavisThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), February 9, 1950, p. 1
  97. A state review panel approves Orange County's building plans for Black schools Superintendent Glenn T. Proffit, county school board chairman Kemp Cate, Chapel Hill superintendent C. W. Davis and Chapel Hill board chairman S. T. Emory presented the county's building program to the State Board of Education's review panel. The panel approved in full the plans for Black schools, a new building at Chapel Hill and a new school in the Cedar Grove area to replace 16 one- and two-teacher schools, but asked for changes in the plans for white schools. People: Glenn T. Proffit, Kemp S. CateThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), April 6, 1950, p. 1
  98. Archie Davis shows the commissioners his plans for a new Black high school on Merritt Mill Road Architect Archie R. Davis reviewed with the county commissioners his plans for the new high school for Black students at Chapel Hill, a fireproof building on Merritt Mill Road with 12 classrooms, a laboratory, a cafeteria, and home economics and library rooms, set into the slope to leave level ground for playing fields. The News said all interested groups in Chapel Hill and the commissioners had approved the plans and that bids would be taken in about six weeks. People: Archie Royal DavisThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), May 4, 1950, p. 8
  99. Commissioners cut the auditorium-gymnasium from Chapel Hill's new Black high school With low bids of about $330,800 against $235,000 set aside, the commissioners voted to let contracts at once for the new high school for Black pupils in Chapel Hill, leaving out the auditorium-gymnasium, site work, paved parking and some finishes. Black spokesmen, among them the Rev. J. R. Manley and Dr. C. W. Thompson III, opposed the cuts to the end and asked that bond money set aside for white schools make up the difference, which the board said it could not consider. People: Archie Royal DavisThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), July 27, 1950, p. 1
  100. Black citizens of Chapel Hill vote to sue over unequal schools About 75 Black citizens led by Dr. Charles W. Thompson voted unanimously to sue Chapel Hill school officials over inequalities between the white and Black schools, and began raising about $1,000 for the case with Herman Taylor of Raleigh as attorney. The News reported that some Black leaders thought the step hasty; in September the group, as the Chapel Hill Council on Negro Affairs, said it would file the suit the next week.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), August 24, 1950, p. 1
  101. Ground is broken for Chapel Hill's new Black high school Construction began on the new building for Chapel Hill's Black high school during the week before August 24, under the reduced plan the commissioners had approved in July. School officials said the rooms left out would be added when money became available.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), August 24, 1950, p. 1
  102. Bids for an addition to Central School come in far over budget Bids opened September 14 for an eight-classroom addition and lunchroom at Central School, Hillsboro's consolidated school for Black pupils, came to $129,423.90 with the architect's fee, against $100,000 set aside from the bond issue and state school funds. No contracts were let, and the school board turned to the commissioners for help. People: Archie Royal DavisThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), September 21, 1950, p. 1
  103. County commissioners accept bids for an eight-classroom addition to Central School Calling it the county's most urgent school need, the commissioners accepted the low bids for an eight-classroom and lunchroom addition to the Central School for Black students at Hillsboro, though the bids ran $29,425.90 over the money set aside. To cover the gap they voted to issue up to $16,000 in bonds without a public vote and to use money saved by cancelling an order for six new school buses, and they pledged to keep the promises made in the 1949 bond campaign. People: Archie Royal DavisThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), October 12, 1950, p. 1
  104. Lincoln High girls organize a Y-Teens club Girls in grades eight through twelve at Lincoln High School organized a Y-Teens club, a new organization at the school, with home economics teacher Ruth P. Pope and Mrs. Kornegay as adult advisers. The club gave its first entertainment, a square dance for the high school boys, on November 28, 1950.Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), December 18, 1950, p. 1
  105. Members of the Chapel Hill Council on Negro Affairs file a discrimination suit over the new Black high school Members of the Chapel Hill Council on Negro Affairs filed a discrimination suit in the federal Middle District Court at Greensboro, a step they had threatened since the fall of 1950, when it became known that the money on hand would not build an auditorium and gymnasium with the new school for Black students. The suit named the Chapel Hill school board, Superintendent C. W. Davis, the State Board of Education and State Superintendent Clyde Erwin.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), January 11, 1951, p. 8
  106. Ethel Stanton Clark retires from the Merritt School after 43 years of teaching Mrs. Ethel Stanton Clark, teacher at the one-teacher Merritt School for Black children south of Chapel Hill, retired at the close of the 1950-51 term after 43 years in the schools of Orange and Chatham counties. Teachers' contracts at all four small Black schools in the Chapel Hill area ended that spring because the schools were to be consolidated with Chapel Hill.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), May 31, 1951, p. 1
  107. Lincoln High's PTA votes to name the elementary school Northside The Lincoln High School Parent-Teacher Association voted to call the elementary school Northside Elementary School, because the name Lincoln High School would go with the high school to its new building. By the fall of 1951 the school paper was reporting on Northside Elementary and its own principal.Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), June 1951, p. 2
  108. Lincoln High School opens on Merritt Mill Road In 1951 Lincoln High School, Chapel Hill's high school for Black students, moved from the old Orange County Training School building on Caldwell Street to a new building on Merritt Mill Road, and the old building became Northside Elementary. Lincoln used the Merritt Mill Road campus until 1966; the building is now the school district's Lincoln Center. People: Charles A. McDougleFrom the Rock Wall: A Note on "Northside" · Also: fromtherockwall.org; The Daily Tar Heel: Cammie Bellamy, New school, old ground; The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), August 24, 1950, p. 1; Open Orange: 350 Caldwell St. / Orange County Training School; Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), October 1, 1951, p. 1
  109. A Black delegation led by M. C. Burt wins floor and paint money for the new Central school Acting on a request from a delegation headed by M. C. Burt, the Board of Education approved $3,200 for flooring and $1,500 for painting at Hillsboro's new elementary school for Black children, items cut from the plans to save money. The delegation also asked for a seven-member committee of Black citizens with power over the school, which the board held over with little chance of approval. People: Moses Cimuel BurtThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), October 4, 1951, p. 1
  110. J. H. Peace becomes principal of Northside Elementary School J. H. Peace, a Chapel Hill native and graduate of North Carolina College, became principal of Northside Elementary School when the 1951-52 year opened and Lincoln High moved into its new building. Three new elementary teachers joined the Northside staff with him.Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), October 1951, p. 1
  111. Lincoln High adds a commercial department with typing and business courses Lincoln High School added business and commerce courses to its curriculum in its new building in the fall of 1951, with juniors and seniors taking typing and many sophomores general business. Mrs. M. G. Frazier of Raleigh, a Hampton Institute graduate, was hired to teach the new department.Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), October 1951, p. 1
  112. The county builds the classroom building and cafeteria later used by A. L. Stanback School A classroom building and a cafeteria on the Hillsborough campus that became A. L. Stanback School, the grades 6-7 school by 1983, date from 1952 under Superintendent G. Paul Carr. People: G. Paul CarrDigitalNC: Irene Oliver Pender, A History of Orange County Schools, 1752-1983 (1983), p. 168
  113. The Lincoln-Northside PTA borrows $1,600 from the Quaker Fund for band instruments The Lincoln High and Northside Parent-Teacher Association borrowed $1,600 from the Quaker Fund, which the school paper described as money set aside for educational purposes in the local schools, to buy instruments for the growing Lincoln High band under bandmaster J. Y. Bell. A PTA drive the year before had raised $373.09 from local organizations for the band.Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), February 1952, p. 1
  114. Lincoln High's basketball team wins its district and finishes second in the state Lincoln High School's boys' basketball team under coach R. O. Kornegay had what the school paper called its most successful season, 23 wins and 2 losses, with a nineteen-game winning streak. The Tigers won the district tournament and reached the state finals at Fayetteville, where they lost to Nash County Training School 45-41 and finished state runners-up.Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), April 1952, p. 3
  115. Lincoln High School's class of 1952 plans its commencement The school paper announced the closing programs of the class of 1952, whose 29 seniors were to receive their diplomas: Senior Class Night on May 30, vespers on June 1, and commencement on June 5, all in the Northside Elementary School auditorium, with a class program on the theme of choosing an occupation.Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), May 1952, p. 1
  116. Central High hosts a Kellogg Project leadership conference for Black educators of three counties Black educators from Alamance, Harnett and Orange counties met at Central High School in Hillsboro under the Kellogg-funded Cooperative Project in School Improvement and Leadership Development, hearing North Carolina College faculty and visiting principals on how communities improve their schools. Dr. W. Carson Ryan of the university spoke at a banquet in the Central High cafeteria, and project director Allan S. Hurlburt summed up the planning sessions.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), April 30, 1953, p. 3
  117. Lincoln High's student paper, the Lincoln Echo, wins a national certificate of honor The Lincoln Echo, the student newspaper of Chapel Hill's Lincoln High School for Black students, was one of nine North Carolina school papers given a certificate of honor by the National Tuberculosis Association and the Columbia Scholastic Press Association, for a special issue on the Christmas seal drive. Mrs. R. A. Smith chaired its faculty advisory committee.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), June 4, 1953, p. 4
  118. Lincoln High buys its own bus for school activities Lincoln High School took delivery of a new 47-passenger Ford bus from Sanders Motor Company of Raleigh, bought for band, team and club trips after a teacher popularity contest raised $1,042.86 toward the $1,500 down payment. Until then the school had depended on a local woman's private bus or Carolina Trailways, and the new bus appeared in the homecoming parade the next day.Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), November 1953, p. 1
  119. A Central High School drive pays off the school's lunchroom debts Faculty and students of Central High School, Hillsborough's high school for Black students, raised $1,099.65 in seven sections of the county to pay off the school lunchroom's outstanding debts, with teachers Mrs. V. K. Speller and Miss Margaret Bizzell bringing in the most. People: A. L. StanbackThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), December 10, 1953, p. 10
  120. Central High's New Farmers chapter wins the Cotton Merrick Federation livestock judging contest Central High School in Hillsboro hosted the Cotton Merrick Federation of the New Farmers of America, and its own livestock judging team took first place with 241.5 of 300 points, ahead of Louisburg and Little River. The win sent the chapter to the state contest at A. & T. College in June.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), March 18, 1954, p. 10
  121. W. D. Peerman becomes Lincoln High's football coach W. D. Peerman took over as coach of Lincoln High School's football team in the fall of 1954, and the school paper dedicated its first issue of the year to him. He also organized a baseball team in the spring of 1955 and was still coaching the Tigers when they won the 1961 state championship.Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), October 1954, p. 1
  122. The county board ends the supervisor post for its Black schools under a new state staffing rule In 1955 the state began allotting a county one supervisor per hundred teachers. The schools Norma Snipes supervised had fewer teachers than that, so the board ended her post and made her a primary teacher at Efland-Cheeks School. People: M. Norma SnipesDigitalNC: Irene Oliver Pender, A History of Orange County Schools, 1752-1983 (1983), p. 160
  123. A Black delegation asks the commissioners for a gymnasium-auditorium at Lincoln High A delegation led by the Rev. Mr. Manley of Chapel Hill's First Baptist Church asked the county commissioners to make a gymnasium-auditorium at Lincoln High School, left out of the building four years earlier for cost and estimated at $100,000, the first call on capital money. They warned the school could lose its accreditation without it and also asked for water and toilets in the shop building. Alderman Hubert Robinson said the building was needed regardless of the Supreme Court's decision; the board referred them to the Board of Education. People: Hubert RobinsonThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), February 10, 1955, p. 1
  124. Lincoln High holds its first Career Week Lincoln High School held its first Career Week for juniors and seniors, with speakers from A. and T. College, North Carolina College, Durham Business School, North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company and Hillside High School on careers in nursing, business, insurance, music and teaching. The paper hoped it would become an annual event.Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), April 1955, p. 1
  125. The county school board sells the old Merritt school for Black children in Chapel Hill Township The Orange County Board of Education approved the sale of the Merritt Negro School property in Chapel Hill Township for $850. The board had advertised the site, about two acres on part of the Dina Merritt land with a frame, tin-roofed school building, for auction at the courthouse door in March and April.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), May 5, 1955, p. 1
  126. County commissioners inspect the Chapel Hill schools, including the site for a Lincoln High addition The county commissioners toured the schools of the Chapel Hill district to see their condition before acting on the Chapel Hill school board's budget requests. At Lincoln High School they looked over the site of a proposed addition with principal C. A. McDougle. The board had made a similar tour of the county schools some weeks earlier. People: Charles A. McDougle, Richard Junius Mendenhall Hobbs, Edwin Sidney Lanier, Sim Efland, Dwight RayThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), May 19, 1955, p. 3
  127. County commissioners clash with the Chapel Hill school board over a Lincoln School gymtorium At a budget hearing commissioner Edwin S. Lanier, a former Chapel Hill mayor, opposed the Chapel Hill board's request for $100,000 to build a gymtorium at Lincoln, the town's Black high school, and to raise the district school supplement from 12 to 20 cents, urging a year's delay until the integration question was clearer, while board chairman Carl Smith and Superintendent C. W. Davis insisted the gymtorium came first. In a statement the next day Lanier said he did not favor the Supreme Court's order to combine Black and white schools and would not vote to raise taxes for new school buildings while the system's future was uncertain. People: Edwin Sidney Lanier, Carl Smith (Chapel Hill businessman and county commissioner), Richard Junius Mendenhall HobbsThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), June 30, 1955, p. 1
  128. County commissioners hold the 62-cent tax rate and find money for the Lincoln gymtorium The commissioners tentatively approved a 1955-56 budget of $869,720.50 at an unchanged 62-cent rate, denied all salary raises until a job classification system was adopted, set the Chapel Hill district supplement at 15 cents, and voted $34,000 in bonds, issued without a public vote and split evenly between the county and Chapel Hill school units. The Chapel Hill share brought the long-delayed gymtorium addition at Lincoln within reach of a call for bids, with commissioner Edwin S. Lanier, who days earlier had fought it, leading the fight for Chapel Hill's request. People: Edwin Sidney Lanier, Richard Junius Mendenhall Hobbs, Dwight Ray, Sim Efland, Carl Smith (Chapel Hill businessman and county commissioner)The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), July 7, 1955, p. 1
  129. The county board clears the way for bids on a gymtorium at Lincoln School The county board of education agreed to transfer $10,000 of its share of new school bond money so the Chapel Hill board could let contracts for the long-discussed gymtorium at Lincoln School, on condition that Chapel Hill pay it back. Both boards asked the commissioners to issue $34,000 in school bonds. People: Richard Junius Mendenhall HobbsThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), September 8, 1955, p. 1
  130. Orange County's segregated schools enroll 4,310 pupils on opening day First-day enrollment in the eleven county schools was 4,310, up 124: 2,775 in the eight white schools and 1,535 in the three Black schools, 353 of them in Central High. With 2,742 in the Chapel Hill city unit, the county had 7,092 pupils.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), September 15, 1955, p. 1
  131. Principal A. L. Stanback tells the county school board that Central School needs twelve more classrooms Central School, Hillsboro's twelve-grade school for Black pupils, had 937 pupils, 84 more than a year before, many of them children who had gone to Durham schools until Durham began charging out-of-county pupils $50 tuition. The board asked the state's school buildings division to survey the county's Black schools, had its architect begin studies, and approved buying 1.13 acres next to Central. People: A. L. StanbackThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), October 4, 1956, p. 1
  132. The county school board adopts a state survey team's building plan for its three Black schools The board unanimously accepted the recommendations of a survey team from the State Department of Public Instruction and UNC: a 14-classroom addition, a gymnasium and remodeled rooms at Central School in Hillsboro, a cafeteria but no new classrooms at Cedar Grove, and three classrooms, a cafeteria and a multipurpose auditorium at Efland-Cheeks. Bond money set aside was $283,730 for Central, $118,000 for Cedar Grove and $98,000 for Efland-Cheeks.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), November 8, 1956, p. 1
  133. The school board approves plans for new Central School buildings The county Board of Education tentatively approved architect Archie R. Davis's plans for a 14-classroom elementary building and a gymtorium at Central School, Hillsborough's school for Black pupils, enlarging the gymtorium to seat about 800 and adding public toilets, and told him to seek state approval. People: Archie Royal DavisThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), December 13, 1956, p. 1
  134. Central School's new activity bus arrives after a community fund drive A new activity bus for the athletic teams, band and glee club arrived at Central School, two years after the Hillsborough school for Black pupils had begun using a retired school bus for the purpose. Students, parents and teachers had raised $2,509 by the November 30, 1956 harvest festival that closed a two-month drive led by principal A. L. Stanback and J. M. Murfree, and on January 7 the county board approved borrowing the balance of about $1,800. People: A. L. StanbackThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), January 17, 1957, p. 1
  135. Ray Motor Company provides a new car for Central High's driver training Ray Motor Company of Hillsborough gave Central High School, the Black high school in Hillsborough, the use of a new 1957 Ford for its driver training program for the rest of the school year.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), January 31, 1957, p. 1
  136. The school board fixes sites for new gyms at Hillsboro High and Central School The county Board of Education placed Hillsboro High's new 85-by-110-foot gymnasium behind the bus parking lot west of the school, beside new Hazel Street, and told the architect to begin drawings; at Central School it turned down the state consultants' two sites and chose to build the gymtorium behind the cafeteria as fast as possible. It also endorsed the State Board of Education's legislative program, including teacher pay raises. People: G. Paul CarrSearch the index · The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), February 7, 1957, p. 1
  137. Four Lincoln High seniors take the University's entrance examination Four Lincoln High School seniors went to the University of North Carolina to take its entrance examination in vocabulary, English and mathematics, a trip the school paper said would make Lincoln history. The paper reported that the friendliness of university employees put the four at ease before the test.Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), April 1957, p. 1
  138. Central High School holds its 1957 commencement Central High School, the county's Black high school in Hillsborough, held commencement for its seniors with a speaker from North Carolina College in Durham, and the school glee club sang. A minister from Shaw University had preached the baccalaureate sermon, and the school's eighth-grade graduation was held the same week.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), May 30, 1957, p. 8
  139. Central High School's enrollment reaches 1,000 Central High School in Hillsboro, which taught Black pupils in grades one through twelve, enrolled 1,000 students in 1956-57, 500 girls and 500 boys, a mark the News called a first in the school's history. About 80 of them came from the eastern edge of the county after Durham began charging tuition to out-of-county pupils, and the school asked for room for four more teachers. People: A. L. StanbackThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), May 23, 1957, p. 1
  140. County school board turns an old lodge building into classrooms for Central School At its June meeting the county Board of Education approved fitting up the old abandoned lodge building on North Wake Street as four temporary classrooms for Central School until its new addition was built, putting up $800 to match $800 from the Central PTA. The board also accepted the new Aycock School lunchroom from the builders and approved turning space under the Hillsboro High auditorium into a science department.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), June 6, 1957, p. 1
  141. The county takes bids for a gymtorium and twelve classrooms at Central High School H. F. Mitchell Construction Company was low bidder for two buildings at Central High, a twelve-classroom addition and a gymtorium seating about 1,200, designed by Archie Royal Davis. The whole project came to $266,094, and the gymtorium was nearly finished in February 1958. People: Archie Royal DavisThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), August 1, 1957, p. 1 · Also: The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), February 20, 1958, p. 1
  142. Lincoln High prepares to open with sixteen teachers and about four hundred pupils In the Chapel Hill News Leader's back to school report, Principal C. A. McDougle said Lincoln High School would have sixteen teachers and that enrollment would probably reach 400, against 381 on the first day of the previous year. Two of the teachers were new that year.Search the index · DigitalNC: Chapel Hill News Leader, August 29, 1957, page 8 (school opening report)
  143. Black parents petition the school board against the Odd Fellows Hall annex to Central School A delegation of 14 Black citizens, carrying a petition said to bear 300 names, protested to the county Board of Education against putting Central School classes in the old Odd Fellows Hall on Wake Street, against ice cream sales on the school grounds and against the school's hiring policy. The board compromised by keeping one whole fifth-grade section at the main building and two fifth-grade and one sixth-grade classes in the hall, and declined to act on the other complaints. People: A. L. StanbackThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), October 10, 1957, p. 1
  144. Lincoln High's football team wins a state championship Lincoln High School's undefeated Tigers won the Eastern title by beating Queen Street High of Beaufort 6-0 and then won the state championship in a game played in Chapel Hill on the Wednesday before Thanksgiving. The student body thanked the team in the school paper for winning the State AA championship.Lincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), December 1957, p. 3
  145. Central High's new gymnasium is finished Central High School's gymnasium, part of an addition already nearly finished when the main building burned in February 1958, was completed late that year. Archie Royal Davis designed the new main building that replaced the one lost in the fire. People: Archie Royal DavisNC State Historic Preservation Office: Hillsborough Historic District Additional Documentation, National Register (OR0077ad, 2014), Education Context
  146. Central High School burns Early on the morning of February 14, 1958, fire destroyed the main building of Central High School, Hillsborough's high school for Black students, a one-story brick-veneer building of fifteen classrooms that also held offices and an auditorium. Its library of more than 4,000 books was lost. Classes moved into a new twelve-classroom building nearly finished on the campus for the elementary grades, with a few in the lunchroom, shops and nearby buildings. The county board had Durham architect Archie Royal Davis design a new building on the same site; contracts were let in May 1958, and the two-story classroom building was finished in 1959-60. People: Archie Royal DavisThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), February 20, 1958, p. 1 · Also: The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), February 27, 1958, p. 1; The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), March 13, 1958, p. 1; The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), May 22, 1958, p. 1; Hillsborough Historic District National Register Additional Documentation (2014); Open Orange: Central High School
  147. The school board orders a new main building for Central High on the day of the fire The night the old Central High building burned, the county board set aside $214,892 for a new 18-classroom building designed by Archie Royal Davis's firm. Construction went on through 1958. People: Archie Royal DavisThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), February 20, 1958, p. 1 · Also: The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), January 1, 1959, p. 1; The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), December 11, 1958, p. 1
  148. Central High School students move into their new twelve-room building Less than three weeks after fire destroyed Central High School's main building, its students began classes in a new twelve-room classroom building at the school. The school board ordered Central to hold classes on Saturdays through March and April to make up eight lost days and still close on May 31.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), March 6, 1958, p. 1
  149. The county school board lets contracts for a new Central High School building The Board of Education opened bids at the old courthouse and at once let contracts for a new main building at Central High School, replacing the one that burned in February; the low bids totaled $149,346, under the architect's estimate. C. T. Poe Construction Company of Durham won the general contract at $113,143, and the work included clearing the debris of the burned school.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), May 22, 1958, p. 1
  150. Orange County receives $152,000 in insurance for the burned Central High School The State Insurance Department, which carried the fire insurance, paid Orange County $152,000 in full settlement for the Central High School building lost in February, and the commissioners put the money in six-month certificates of deposit until it was needed for the new building.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), May 8, 1958, p. 1
  151. Archie Royal Davis's new main building for Central High goes up After the 1958 fire, Archie Royal Davis designed a two-story, flat-roofed brick main building and a barrel-roofed gymnasium for Central High School. The main building went up in 1959-60; the campus is now Hillsborough Elementary. People: Archie Royal DavisNC State Historic Preservation Office: Cedar Grove School, National Register nomination (OR3044), p. 32
  152. The county school board accepts the new Central High School building The Board of Education accepted the new Central School building in Hillsboro from its contractors, subject to a final check by the architect and the state department. In April the board had let an $8,125 contract for science equipment for the school.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), June 4, 1959, p. 1
  153. A vocational building is added at Central High School Between 1960 and 1962 the county added a one-story, flat-roofed, brick-veneered vocational building with metal awning windows to the Central High campus in Hillsborough.NC State Historic Preservation Office: Cedar Grove School, National Register nomination (OR3044), p. 32
  154. Central High builds its "300" elementary wing Another classroom building, the "300" wing or Elementary School building, went up at Central High from 1960 to 1962. With a vocational and band building finished in 1962, the campus reached the six buildings that stand today.NC State Historic Preservation Office: Hillsborough Historic District Additional Documentation, National Register (OR0077ad, 2014), Education Context
  155. Central High School runs an experimental adult education program Hillsboro's Central High School held an experimental adult school in the spring of 1960, enrolling 42 adults in reading and writing, algebra, typing, driving and high school history, English and mathematics, without credit. Principal A. L. Stanback asked the county board to make it a regular program, noting that Central's enrollment of 1,096 put it among the state's largest Black union schools. People: A. L. StanbackThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), July 14, 1960, p. 4
  156. The county school board lets the contract for a new agriculture building at Central High The Orange County Board of Education let a $35,931 contract for an agriculture building at Hillsboro's Central High School, with the general contract going to Delta Construction Co. of Durham as low bidder among eight. The whole building was estimated at $44,846, but the bond money on hand limited the first contract; the old frame agriculture shop was torn down and construction had begun by late June.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), May 5, 1960, p. 8
  157. Clara Jones is appointed a supervisor of the Orange County schools Clara Jones, a Person County principal for twenty-seven years, joined the county staff as supervisor in 1961, assigned to the Cedar Grove, Efland-Cheeks and A. L. Stanback schools for Black children. After integration she ran special education testing and placement, and she retired in 1974.DigitalNC: Irene Oliver Pender, A History of Orange County Schools, 1752-1983 (1983), p. 162
  158. Lincoln High's football team wins an undefeated state championship Coach William D. Peerman's Lincoln High Tigers won the state 2-A football championship for Black high schools on November 22, 1961, beating previously unbeaten Ridgeview High of Hickory 22-0 to finish 12-0. The season was unbeaten but not unscored upon: Harnett High scored six points in the eastern title game. People: Charles A. McDougleChapel Hill Weekly (November 27, 1961): Lincoln's Tigers Win Championship
  159. County commissioners let the school board plan a 16-classroom junior high beside Central High The county Board of Education won the commissioners' go-ahead to build a 16-classroom junior high next to Central High School, Hillsboro's school for Black pupils, at an estimated $200,000 to $225,000, aiming for fall 1964. Superintendent G. Paul Carr called the need very urgent, saying some teachers allotted by enrollment had no rooms. People: G. Paul CarrThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), November 15, 1962, p. 22
  160. The county school board drops its Central High junior high plan for a new elementary school north of US 70 Only a month after asking for $200,000 to build a junior high beside Central High School, the county Board of Education suddenly voted to build another elementary school on a site to be found north of Highway 70 instead. The same day the commissioners read the board's earlier letter asking them to set up the junior high fund.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), December 6, 1962, p. 6
  161. One guidance counselor serves both Chapel Hill High and Lincoln High Rebecca Shepard was the full-time guidance counselor for both Chapel Hill High School and the Black Lincoln High School in 1962-63, keeping a separate guidance office at each and alternating days between the two schools.Chapel Hill High School student newspaper, December 19, 1962, p. 1
  162. Orange High School begins desegregation Tonya and Narviar Cathcart entered Orange High School after their family’s transfer petition was approved, beginning the school's desegregation.Orange County Historical Museum
  163. The county budget sets aside $200,000 toward a new elementary school for Black pupils in Hillsboro In the 1963-64 budget the commissioners gave the county school unit $200,000 toward a new elementary school for Black children in Hillsboro and $139,107 for other building projects, $60,000 less than the schools asked. The budget of about $2.3 million set the county tax rate at $1.12 and included $1,500 to begin a medical examiner system.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), July 4, 1963, p. 8
  164. Black parents petition the county school board over the site of a new elementary school in Hillsboro A delegation led by the Rev. B. A. Mack, a Black PTA president, presented a petition signed by 185 people asking that the planned elementary school for Black pupils be built no closer than a mile to Central Junior-Senior High School, to make sure it had a separate administration. The board, which held an option on part of a site across the street from Central, again put off choosing a site. People: G. Paul CarrThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), November 7, 1963, p. 10
  165. Lincoln High's football team finishes its regular season unbeaten and unscored on The football team of Lincoln High School, the Black high school of the Chapel Hill system, won all nine regular-season games without giving up a point, and the Chapel Hill school board formally congratulated it. It was to meet Williamston in the regional playoff for the state title at Carrboro's Lions Park on November 9.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), November 7, 1963, p. 4
  166. The county school board picks a site near Central High for a new Hillsborough elementary school On December 2 the Orange County Board of Education decided to build a new elementary school, with a 250-seat cafeteria and a library, on a 20-acre site near Central High School, after the commissioners agreed to add $200,000 on July 1, 1964, to the $200,000 already set aside. The Negro School Advisory Committee had approved the site and a faction of the PTA had opposed it; Durham architect Archie R. Davis was hired to design the school. People: Archie Royal DavisThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), December 5, 1963, p. 4
  167. Gloria Williams asks the school board to readmit boycotting Lincoln High students At the Chapel Hill school board meeting, Mrs. Gloria Williams, speaking for parents of students who had joined the Chapel Hill Freedom Committee's boycott of Lincoln High School, asked that all of them be readmitted. The board upheld the expulsion of two senior leaders, Henry Sanford and James Brittain, after Superintendent Howard Thompson said he would resign if they returned.Search the index · The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), February 27, 1964, p. 2
  168. Central High principal A. L. Stanback dies Albert Leon Stanback, who came to Central as a coach and mathematics teacher in 1938 and was its principal from 1942, died after a short illness on March 20, 1964. His funeral was held in the school's auditorium on Monday, March 23, before an estimated 2,000 people, white and Black. Under him the school grew to about 1,200 students. People: A. L. StanbackDigitalNC: The Carolinian, April 11, 1964, p. 16 · Also: The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), May 21, 1964, p. 25; The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), March 26, 1964, p. 11; The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), March 26, 1964, p. 1
  169. The county school board adds a library to the planned ten-classroom school near Central The Orange County Board of Education kept its plan for a ten-classroom elementary school near the Central School site in West Hillsborough but added a library, raising the estimate from $200,000 to $270,000 after studying the plans with a Central committee.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), April 9, 1964, p. 9
  170. The county school board lets contracts for a new elementary school for Black pupils near Central After the commissioners added $68,800 to the $200,000 set aside a year earlier, the Orange County Board of Education let $271,415.63 in contracts for a ten-classroom elementary school for Black pupils across the road from Central School. Bids opened July 2 had run about $80,000 over the money on hand; the News recounted that the school had been delayed a year while a site acceptable to an integration-minded Black group was sought. People: G. Paul Carr, Carl Smith (Chapel Hill businessman and county commissioner), Archie Royal DavisThe News of Orange County (Hillsborough), July 30, 1964, p. 12
  171. Sixty-six Black parents petition the county board to stop running schools by race Led by the retired Cedar Grove teacher Hassie Vanhook Gattis, 66 parents signed a petition asking the Orange County board to stop operating its schools on a racial basis. It charged that the board had kept a dual system since the 1954 Brown ruling in disregard of the law.NC State Historic Preservation Office: Cedar Grove School, National Register nomination (OR3044), p. 27
  172. J. M. Murfree becomes principal of Central High School The county school system named J. M. Murfree principal of Central High School, Hillsborough's school for Black pupils, for the 1964-65 year, and Mrs. Evelyn Patterson principal of Aycock Elementary. They were the system's two new principals as its 192-member faculty prepared for 4,700 pupils.The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), August 20, 1964, p. 8
  173. Central Elementary School is built north of West Hillsborough Planned as a segregated school for Black pupils next to Central High School, the flat-roofed brick and concrete building designed by Archie Royal Davis was finished a few years before desegregation and then served an integrated student body. Additions followed in 1975 and during the 1990s. People: Archie Royal DavisNC Digital Collections: Heather Wagner Slane, Hillsborough Architectural Survey (2017), p. 15
  174. Mayor Sandy McClamroch attends Lincoln High's Negro History Week program Lincoln High School's Negro History Week program had Mayor Sandy McClamroch, the city schools superintendent, Northside principal J. H. Peace and Rev. T. P. Duhart of St. Paul A.M.E. Church among its platform guests. The Rev. Alex A. Chambers of St. Joseph Methodist Church spoke, and the faculty chorus sang spirituals. People: Sandy McClamrochLincoln High School student newspaper (Chapel Hill), March 1965, p. 1
  175. The board names the first principals of Stanford Junior High and Central Elementary Paul Raspberry was chosen to lead the new Stanford Junior High, and Tarleton Davis was picked to open Central Elementary as its first principal.Search the index · DigitalNC: Irene Oliver Pender, A History of Orange County Schools, 1752-1983 (1983), p. 86
  176. Integrated Chapel Hill High opens on High School Road A new Chapel Hill High School campus opened on High School Road in 1966 as the town's first racially integrated high school, taking in the white student body from the Franklin Street school together with Lincoln High's students. Under freedom of choice the board had planned for white students to occupy the building a year before Black students joined, but Black students applied together for 1966 so that the school would not first be seen as belonging to the white students.The Local Reporter: Newly Renovated Chapel Hill High School to Hold Ribbon-Cutting Ceremony Aug. 3
  177. Lincoln High School closes during integration Lincoln High on Merritt Mill Road, the Black high school led since 1946 by principal C. A. McDougle, stopped operating as a secondary school in 1966 and its students were reassigned to the new Chapel Hill High, completing the desegregation of the district's schools. McDougle became an assistant principal there and Lincoln's championship football coach William D. Peerman was made an assistant coach after a contested board vote; Lincoln's name, colors, mascot and much of its memorabilia were not carried over. People: Charles A. McDougleChapel Hill-Carrboro City Schools: Resolution in Honor of 50 Years of Desegregation in Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Schools
  178. Central High School becomes A. L. Stanback School After Central High's last high school class graduated in 1968 and its older students moved to Orange High School, the school was renamed for its longtime principal A. L. Stanback and became an elementary school. People: A. L. StanbackNC State Historic Preservation Office: Hillsborough Historic District Additional Documentation, National Register (OR0077ad, 2014), Education Context
  179. Central High students march and Orange County schools integrate In 1968 Black students at Central High School in Hillsborough walked out and marched to protest a plan for phased desegregation. After Central's last class graduated that spring, its high school students moved to Orange High, ending the county's dual school system in 1968–69.Alliance for Historic Hillsborough: Central High School/Agnes Kindergarten
  180. Alethea Burt retires from teaching at Central High School Alethea Burt, who had led Ridge Road School until it closed in 1951 and then moved with her pupils to teach the elementary grades at Central High School in Hillsboro, retired at the end of the 1968-69 year. People: Alethea Anne Arrington BurtNC State Historic Preservation Office: Ridge Road School, National Register nomination (OR1104), p. 18
  181. Hillsborough Elementary School opens in the old Central High buildings as the county's first year-round school After standing closed for several years, the former Central High campus on North Nash Street reopened in 1996 as Hillsborough Elementary School, the first year-round school in Orange County.Search the index · NC State Historic Preservation Office: Hillsborough Historic District Additional Documentation, National Register (OR0077ad, 2014), 402 N. Nash Street, Central High School

Places in this history

Buildings, schools, churches and other sites named in the dated events on this page, the most often named first. The map shows the 14 with a known location.

Map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Site locations from the N.C. State Historic Preservation Office survey, Open Orange, Orange County GIS, OpenStreetMap and a few other published sources named on each site’s page; town and community pins show approximate locations.

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Indexed works

Related works found in catalogs and archives across North Carolina. Each links to the institution that holds or provides it.

Filter these works by material, period, or place. Counts refer to works, not individual copies. A work may appear under more than one period or place.

Material

Photographs & portraits 17Biography 11Interviews 11Histories 10Yearbooks 7other types 14

Period

19th century 920th century 9

Place

Chapel Hill 49Orange County 32North Carolina (statewide) 29Hillsborough 9Carrboro 4City of Durham (neighboring) 1

Black Freedom and the University of North Carolina, 1793-1960

Chapman, John K. · 2006 · John K. (Yonni) Chapman

John K. Chapman's 2006 study of race at UNC from 1793 to 1960, issued by the author. Chapman argues that standard university histories play down the institution's role in upholding white supremacy through slavery, Reconstruction and the Jim Crow era, and that they leave out what African Americans contributed to the campus. It also covers segregation in education and the social conditions of Black residents of Chapel Hill across two centuries. 215 pages with maps.

Included because: Catalog heading in the UNC record: Segregation in education -- North Carolina -- Chapel Hill -- History -- 20th century.

NC Cardinal UNC

Oral history interview with Burnis Hackney, February 5, 2001: interview K-0547, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007)

Hackney, Burnis · 2006 · University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill

Burnis Hackney entered Chapel Hill High School, newly integrated, in 1966, one of the first Black students there after Lincoln High School closed. In this Southern Oral History Program interview, recorded February 5, 2001, by Bob Gilgor, Hackney weighs his conviction that integration was right against what was lost when Lincoln's traditions were set aside, and how the merger played out for students. About an hour and a half. Published online in 2006 by the UNC-Chapel Hill Library in Documenting the American South.

Included because: Catalog heading in the NC Cardinal record: Lincoln High School (Chapel Hill, N.C.).

NC Cardinal UNC

Oral history interview with Fred Battle, January 3, 2001: interview K-0525, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007)

Battle, Fred · 2006 · University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill

Fred Battle grew up in Chapel Hill under segregation and describes that world in a Southern Oral History Program interview recorded January 3, 2001, by Bob Gilgor. He portrays the Black community of his youth as centered on the church and on Lincoln High School, recalls his schooling there, and tells of his college years in Greensboro and the civil rights demonstrations he joined there. Published online in 2006 by the UNC-Chapel Hill Library in Documenting the American South.

Included because: Catalog heading in the NC Cardinal record: Lincoln High School (Chapel Hill, N.C.).

NC Cardinal UNC

Oral history interview with Gloria Register Jeter, December 23, 2000: interview K-0549, Southern Oral History Program (#4007)

Jeter, Gloria Register · 2006 · University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill

Gloria Register Jeter (born 1952) attended both segregated and integrated public schools of Chapel Hill and offers a critical view of how desegregation was carried out, in a Southern Oral History Program interview recorded December 23, 2000, by Bob Gilgor. Jeter argues that the merger of Lincoln High School into Chapel Hill High School cost the Black community its school traditions and institutions, and describes the student protests that followed. Published online in 2006 by the UNC-Chapel Hill Library in Documenting the American South.

Included because: Catalog heading in the NC Cardinal record: Lincoln High School (Chapel Hill, N.C.).

NC Cardinal UNC

Oral history interview with James Atwater, February 28, 2001: interview K-0201, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007)

Atwater, James · 2006 · University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill

James Atwater, born in 1932 into a family that had lived in Chapel Hill for generations, talked with Jennifer Nardone in February 2001. He describes the town's Black community between the 1930s and the 1950s: how neighbors dealt with one another in church, at school and in social life, and what schooling under segregation meant at Orange County Training School and Lincoln High School. About an hour and eighteen minutes; electronic edition from the UNC library, 2006, through Documenting the American South.

Included because: Catalog heading in the UNC record: Lincoln High School (Chapel Hill, N.C.).

NC Cardinal UNC

Oral history interview with Joanne Peerman, February 24, 2001: interview K-0557, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007)

Peerman, Joanne · 2006 · University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill

Joanne Peerman, a Chapel Hill native and the daughter of a well-known coach, was in one of the first classes to integrate Chapel Hill High School. In this Southern Oral History Program interview, recorded by Bob Gilgor in February 2001, she describes her schooling under segregation and after it, the last years of Lincoln High School, and the civil rights demonstrations that accompanied school integration. About an hour and a half; electronic edition from the UNC library, 2006, through Documenting the American South.

Included because: Catalog heading in the NC Cardinal record: Lincoln High School (Chapel Hill, N.C.).

NC Cardinal UNC
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Oral history interview with Raney Norwood, January 9, 2001: interview K-0556, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007)

Norwood, Raney · 2006 · University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill

Raney Norwood was among the African American students who moved from Lincoln High School to the newly desegregated Chapel Hill High School. Interviewed by Bob Gilgor in January 2001, he recalls the traditions left behind at Lincoln, a hard first year at the new school, and the nonviolent protests students mounted to carry those traditions over. An Upward Bound math-science program also comes up. Runs about an hour and three quarters; electronic edition issued by the UNC library in 2006 through Documenting the American South.

Included because: Catalog heading in the UNC record: Lincoln High School (Chapel Hill, N.C.).

NC Cardinal UNC

Oral history interview with Rebecca Clark, June 21, 2000: interview K-0536, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007)

Clark, Rebecca · 2006 · University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill

Interview recorded June 21, 2000 with Rebecca Clark (1915-2009), a Black Chapel Hill resident, for the Southern Oral History Program at UNC. Clark, educated in Chapel Hill's segregated schools, describes working life under segregation and the economic discrimination she met in it. Topics also include Lincoln High School, school integration, and Howard Lee, elected mayor of Chapel Hill in 1969. Interview K-0536 in collection #4007.

Included because: Catalog heading in the UNC record: Lincoln High School (Chapel Hill, N.C.).

NC Cardinal UNC

Oral history interview with Sheila Florence, January 20, 2001: interview K-0544, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007)

Florence, Sheila · 2006 · University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill

Sheila Florence (born 1947) was one of the first African American students to enter Chapel Hill High School when it desegregated. In this January 2001 interview with Bob Gilgor she describes growing up in segregated Chapel Hill, the poor state of the town's Black schools, including Lincoln High School, the harassment she faced at the formerly white school, and the civil rights demonstrations of the era. About an hour and forty minutes; electronic edition from the UNC library, 2006, through Documenting the American South.

Included because: Catalog heading in the NC Cardinal record: Lincoln High School (Chapel Hill, N.C.).

NC Cardinal UNC

Oral history interview with Stella Nickerson, January 20, 2001: interview K-0554, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007)

Nickerson, Stella · 2006 · University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill

Stella Nickerson describes her girlhood in Chapel Hill's Black community during the years of school integration. Interviewed by Bob Gilgor in January 2001, she remembers a close neighborhood in which work, school and church were bound together, the disciplined atmosphere of the all-Black schools, and the changes integration brought as students moved from Lincoln High School to Chapel Hill High School. Runs about seventy-two minutes; electronic edition from the UNC library, 2006, through Documenting the American South.

Included because: Catalog heading in the NC Cardinal record: Lincoln High School (Chapel Hill, N.C.).

NC Cardinal UNC

Oral history interview with Thurman Couch, February 12, 2001: interview K-0537, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007)

Couch, Thurman · 2006 · University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill

Thurman Couch went from Lincoln High School into the first group of African American students at Chapel Hill High School. Interviewed by Bob Gilgor in February 2001, he compares the two schools, speaks as a former athlete about sports before and after desegregation, and argues that integration cost the Black community its school traditions and weakened the bond between school and neighborhood. The town's civil rights demonstrations also come up. About an hour; electronic edition from the UNC library, 2006, through Documenting the American South.

Included because: Catalog heading in the UNC record: Lincoln High School (Chapel Hill, N.C.).

NC Cardinal UNC

Oral history interview with Walter Durham, January 19 and 26, 2001: interview K-0540, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007)

Durham, Walter · 2006 · University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill

Walter Durham, born about 1948 into a landowning Black family, grew up between Carrboro and Chapel Hill and attended Carrboro's all-Black schools until Lincoln High School merged into Chapel Hill High School in 1966. Over two sessions with Bob Gilgor in January 2001 he describes neighborhood life, church and school, what students lost and gained in the merger, and the civil rights demonstrations of the 1960s. About two hours and ten minutes; electronic edition from the UNC library, 2006, through Documenting the American South.

Included because: Catalog heading in the NC Cardinal record: Lincoln High School (Chapel Hill, N.C.).

NC Cardinal UNC

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Start at OCPL

Books in OCPL’s Rebecca B. Wall Local History Collection whose titles, catalog subjects, or descriptions match this storyline. The Friends’ recommended starting points are labelled. Books marked Wider context cover the broader subject rather than this storyline itself.

  • Start here · NC 371.097 PENDER A History of Orange County Schools, 1752-1983 Pender, Irene Oliver · 1983

    Irene Oliver Pender's history of the public schools of Orange County from 1752 to 1983, covering more than two centuries of schooling in Hillsborough, Efland, Cedar Grove and the rural districts of the county. Published in 1983, 186 pages with illustrations.

  • Foundational · 371.009 MOORE The Impact of Slavery on the Education of Blacks in Orange County, North Carolina 1619-1970 Moore, Rosetta Austin · 2015

    Rosetta Austin Moore's survey of Black education in Orange County from the colonial era to 1970, in a revised edition published in 2015 through Lulu in Morrisville. After chapters on slavery nationally and on schooling for enslaved people in North Carolina, the book turns to the county: its formation, the growth of its schools, the arrival of free public schooling for all, and the schools and African American educators of the twentieth century. 265 pages with maps, portraits and facsimiles.

  • Foundational · NC 371.009 RUF Hillsborough Negro School 1936-1968: The First State Supported Negro School in Orange County, North Carolina Ruffin-Villines, Donna · 1998

    Donna Ruffin-Villines documents the school that served African American students in Hillsborough from 1936 until 1968, described as the first state supported school of its kind in Orange County. Published in 1998 concerning African American public schools and their history in the county. A starting point for anyone tracing segregated education in Hillsborough.

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Research sources

Sources and research tools for this storyline. Research guide: Follow an event across several accounts.

Background 9

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Local help

Background reading at OCPL

Books from OCPL’s Rebecca B. Wall Local History Collection that provide broader context. They may not discuss Orange County’s Black high schools: the Training School, Lincoln and Central directly.

  • Background reading · Rebecca Wall Collection Black Mountain: An Exploration in Community Duberman, Martin B. · 1972

    Black Mountain College, the experimental school near Asheville that ran from 1933 to 1957, as Martin Duberman reconstructed it from interviews. He follows teachers and students such as Josef and Anni Albers, John Cage, Merce Cunningham, Charles Olson and Robert Creeley through the college's repeated reinventions and quarrels and the money troubles that dogged it to the end. First edition, New York, Dutton, 1972; 527 pages, illustrated.

    Subjects in the Library of Congress catalog record: Black Mountain College (Black Mountain, N.C.) -- History OCPL call number: NC 378.756 DUB

Search the Wall Collection for related books →

Related themes

School desegregation in Chapel Hill and Carrboro, 1954–1967 →Freedom, schools, and Black community-building after emancipation →Chapel Hill freedom movement, 1960–1964 →The Chapel Hill civil-rights demonstrations, 1963–1964 →

Picture: The Orange County Training School, Chapel Hill, about 1916. Public domain. via Wikimedia Commons

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