Chronology

Julian S. Carr Jr. starts the Industrial Democracy plan in Durham Hosiery's mills

In 1917 Julian S. Carr Jr., who ran Durham Hosiery Mills, set up a plan of worker representation and profit sharing in all sixteen company mills, Carrboro's among them. Its Senate of superintendents and foremen and House of elected workers met twice a month in the Carrboro clubhouse, voted help for families hit by sickness or death, and paid for repainting most of the mill houses.

Lewis J. Johnson builds a two-story house on Shadylawn Road

Johnson built the I-house at 930 Shadylawn Road Extension, with rubble-stone chimneys and a Craftsman porch and dormer, and raised a garden and a handful of hogs, cows and chickens without farming for a living. Lilly B. Williams later owned it until her death, and it was remodeled in 1985.

Mary Lindsay Thornton becomes librarian of the North Carolina Collection

Fresh out of library school, Mary Lindsay Thornton took charge of the university's North Carolina Collection, then about 1,500 items kept in a small upstairs corner room of the library building that later became Hill Music Hall. She led it for forty years.

Subject: UNC Libraries

Orange County mobilizes for World War I

Orange County organized a Council of Defense, Red Cross chapters in Chapel Hill (May 28, 1917) and Hillsborough (June 1, 1917), Liberty Loan and War Savings drives, and food conservation committees. On October 1, 1918, 650 UNC students were inducted into the Student Army Training Corps, and volunteers nursed the sick during the influenza epidemic.

Paul C. Collins leads Orange County's First Liberty Loan, and the county's banks sell $51,650 in bonds

Hillsborough banker Paul C. Collins was county chairman of the men's committee for the First Liberty Loan. The four banks in the county sold $51,650 in bonds, $30,150 of them at his Bank of Orange; he went on to chair the second, third and fourth loans.

President Edward K. Graham engages planner John Nolen to study the campus

Urged by a faculty grounds committee of W. C. Coker, George Howe and Collier Cobb, formed in 1913, and after the trustees endorsed a full campus plan in spring 1916, Graham brought in the national planner John Nolen. Between 1917 and 1919 Nolen studied the campus and recommended building out the land south of South Building, the direction the 1920s expansion took.

People: Collier Cobb · William Chambers Coker · George Howe

Students form volunteer companies and drill on Emerson Field

Before the university had a Reserve Officers' Training Corps unit, about five hundred students formed volunteer companies and drilled on Emerson Field with old Civil War rifles, some 250 of them lent by Julius Cone of Greensboro. In January Graham told the secretary of war that four hundred men were asking for a unit.

People: Edward Kidder Graham

Subject: Emerson Field

Sturgis E. Leavitt teaches Spanish at the university

Leavitt came to the university in fall 1917 as assistant professor of Spanish, was named Kenan Professor in 1945, and retired in 1960.

The Chapel Hill Community Club offers its women to the government for war work

Early in the summer of 1917 the Community Club offered itself to the federal government, through the county Council of Defense, as an organized body of women for war service. Over the next year it handed out Food Administration pledge cards across Chapel Hill Township, pushed gardening and canning, and canvassed for Liberty Loans.

The Chapel Hill Red Cross gathers country women into auxiliaries across southern Orange County

Auxiliaries of the Chapel Hill chapter formed at Bethel Church, Calvander, Antioch, Williams Chapel, Smith Level, Mount Moriah, Union Grove, Damascus, Carrboro and Orange Church, and among Chapel Hill women who could not come to the workroom. They sewed hospital shirts and refugee garments, paid for supplies by selling eggs, jelly and apples, and passed magazines and papers to families who could not buy them; Mrs. H. C. Hogan of the Calvander circle made 100 hospital bed shirts in 100 days.

The Colonial Movie Theatre on Weaver Street closes

The Colonial Movie Theatre, one of the frame businesses in the Weaver Street block facing the Alberta mill by 1914, closed around 1917, about when Carrboro's stores started moving to East Main Street.

The extension bureau offers war courses and Greenlaw starts the Lafayette Association

University extension centers offered free month-long courses on the war and on European history, taught by faculty without extra pay, and mailed pamphlets explaining why the country was at war. Edwin Greenlaw's Lafayette Association sought to rally high schools around patriotic essays and pageants; Winston-Salem's center took its name.

People: Edward Kidder Graham

The university cancels its 1917 football season as students drill

With more than half the students in a new four-company training program under Captain J. Stuart Allen, a twice-wounded Canadian veteran, the Athletic Association called off intercollegiate football for the duration. Albert Coates, its president, took part in the decision.

People: Albert Coates · J. Stuart Allen

The university suspends intercollegiate football for the war

Intercollegiate football was dropped in the fall of 1917 as drilling men took over Emerson Field in the afternoons. Captain Allen took on the coach's duties, conditioning students with trench digging and mock attacks.

People: J. Stuart Allen

Subject: Emerson Field

W. H. Parker serves as Carrboro's first listed mayor

W. H. Parker heads the list of Carrboro mayors in 1917, four years after the mill town of Venable took the name Carrboro. He served again from 1937 to 1941.

William D. Benton serves sixteen years as rector of St. Matthew's

William D. Benton was rector for sixteen years, the longest single tenure the book records after Moses Ashley Curtis. His wife directed the choir at the 1924 centennial.

Subject: St. Matthew’s Episcopal Church

Students petition President Graham for military training

In January 1917, 344 of the 1,137 students registered that fall signed a petition asking that a military training course be set up on the campus. The Tar Heel under editor William Polk backed the drive.

The faculty approves summer banking jobs for credit with National City Bank

The faculty approved a plan Graham arranged with New York's National City Bank to hire rising juniors for summer jobs that taught banking, with university credit for the work. Graham meant it as a first step toward a school of commerce and began recruiting Dudley DeWitt Carroll at about the same time.

People: Edward Kidder Graham · Dudley Dewitt Carroll

A graduate nurse starts a first aid class for the Chapel Hill Community Club

Early in February 1917 Mrs. K. J. Brown, a graduate nurse, began a class in first aid and surgical dressings at the request of the Chapel Hill Community Club. It met twice a week through the spring, and when the United States declared war its members moved to form a Red Cross chapter.

The legislature passes a $3 million bond issue that funds university buildings

In the last hours of the 1917 session the house passed a $3 million bond issue, with only 14 of 120 votes against, for state institutions and public schools, giving the university $100,000 a year for five years for new buildings and repairs. Baptist leaders denounced the haste and the aid to state colleges.

People: Edward Kidder Graham · Thomas W. Bickett

Township road inspectors classify the county's roads

The inspectors the board had named in each township reported 37 miles of central highways, 62.1 miles of Class A roads and 365.2 miles of Class B roads. The same year the board began paying for bridges, pipes and road tools from general county funds.

Graham tells a Memorial Hall gathering how the university will serve in the war

Two weeks after the United States entered the war, more than a thousand people heard Graham in Memorial Hall urge students to stay in school until called. He promised military training on campus and a faculty program of instruction to aid the war effort.

Subject: Memorial Hall

West Hill Baptist Church is organized in West Hillsborough

J. F. McDuffie and S. W. Oldham led the organization of West Hill Baptist Church, and Oldham became its first pastor. The book dates its building to May 1, 1920.

Laura Hutchins Benson of Chapel Hill joins the Army Nurse Corps

Laura Hutchins Benson enlisted in the Army Nurse Corps on May 2, 1917, and served first at Walter Reed hospital. During the pneumonia epidemic in the camps in the winter of 1918 she went to Base Hospital No. 1 at Fort Sam Houston, where she became head nurse.

Chapel Hill and Carrboro residents vote to form a Red Cross chapter at the Graded School

Dr. Louis H. Webb, charged with organizing chapters in his medical district, called a Monday night meeting of Chapel Hill and Carrboro people at the Graded School building on May 28, 1917, which voted almost unanimously for a full chapter rather than an auxiliary. Seventy-one people enrolled at the chapter's first meeting, which elected George Howe chairman and Alice Noble vice-chairman.

People: George Howe · Alice Noble

Dr. Eric A. Abernethy leaves his Chapel Hill practice for the Army medical corps

Abernethy gave up his medical practice in Chapel Hill in May 1917 to enter the Army medical corps as a first lieutenant. He rose to lieutenant colonel, was wounded in Belgium in July 1918, and then commanded the 78th Division sanitary train in the St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne campaigns.

Horace Williams's war remarks bring a trustee inquiry that clears the faculty

After the Charlotte Observer quoted philosophy professor Horace Williams in May 1917 calling the war a clash of national interests, critics questioned his loyalty, and trustee John Sprunt Hill pressed the matter. The trustees' visiting committee investigated and in June 1918 cleared Williams and the faculty of disloyalty.

People: John Sprunt Hill · Edward Kidder Graham

The Daughters of the Confederacy in Hillsborough move to start a Red Cross chapter

At its May 1917 meeting the Gen. George B. Anderson Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederacy, discussed the war, and presiding officer Rebecca Cameron named a committee to form a Red Cross chapter in Hillsborough. The committee wrote many letters for information, which led to the organizing meeting of June 1.

People: Henrietta P. Collins

The Spurgeon Building Company is chartered at Hillsborough to put up buildings

The Secretary of State chartered the Spurgeon Building Company of Hillsborough to buy and sell real estate and construct buildings, with $10,000 subscribed. Its incorporators were Dr. J. S. Spurgeon, J. H. Webb and a third man named Collins.

Hillsborough residents meet at the Session House library to organize a Red Cross chapter

About thirty people met in the library at the old Session House on June 1, 1917, heard Sarah Cheshire of Raleigh explain Red Cross work with sample bandages, and joined the Red Cross. They chose J. C. Webb temporary chairman, Henrietta P. Collins secretary and Rev. T. M. Grant treasurer, and set a mass meeting for June 4.

People: John W. Graham · Henrietta P. Collins · J. Cheshire Webb

A Red Cross mass meeting at the Hillsborough court house enrolls new members

On the eve of draft registration, J. C. Webb presided over a mass meeting at the court house where Edward Bond of Edenton, a soldier back from the Mexican border, and Rev. Alfred S. Lawrence spoke, and Frank Nash introduced Mrs. Palmer Jerman of Raleigh on the purpose of the Red Cross. Six young women then enrolled members.

People: Alfred Stratton Lawrence · Frank Nash · J. Cheshire Webb

Orange County men register on the first draft registration day

On June 5, 1917, 1,503 Orange County men registered for the draft. In Chapel Hill a Red Cross committee decorated the town with flags, pinned khaki bands on the registrants, and led a parade of the new registrants through the main streets afterward.

People: Alice Noble

Secretary of War Newton D. Baker gives the wartime commencement address

Baker spoke to an overflowing Memorial Hall hung with flags, the day after draft registration, warning that the war would be long and urging those who stayed to keep learning. Of the 161 graduates in the class of 1917, 65 were already in training camps, and all dances were canceled.

People: Josephus Daniels · Edward Kidder Graham

Subject: Memorial Hall

A Sunday rally at the Hillsborough court house gives $400 to the Red Cross War Fund

After a week of canvassing by C. H. Robertson's membership committee, a Sunday afternoon service at the court house led by the town's ministers raised $400 for the national Hundred Million Dollar Red Cross War Fund and brought the chapter to 200 members. By July 1 the chapter reported 400 members to Atlanta.

People: Charles H. Robertson

Subject: Orange County Courthouse, Hillsborough

The Chapel Hill Red Cross chapter receives its papers and works from a Main Street store

By June 18, 1917 the Chapel Hill chapter had all its organization papers, with jurisdiction over the part of Orange County on its side of the railroad, and was making surgical dressings in a large store on Main Street lent by Mayor W. S. Roberson. The store served as its headquarters and workroom for six months.

People: W. S. Roberson

J. Cheshire Webb is appointed chairman of the Orange County Council of Defense

J. Cheshire Webb of Hillsborough was appointed chairman of the Orange County Council of Defense, with M. C. S. Noble, C. H. Robertson, Shepperd Strudwick, S. W. Andrews, John P. Hughes and P. C. Collins as members. He led the council through the war and the 1919 homecoming.

People: M. C. S. Noble · Shepperd Strudwick (1868-1961) · Paul C. Collins · Charles H. Robertson

The Orange County Red Cross chapter organizes permanently under John W. Graham

At a court house meeting on July 5, 1917, the chapter read its national authority to organize with jurisdiction over all of Orange County except Chapel Hill and elected Maj. John W. Graham chairman, with Henrietta P. Collins as secretary and Margaret Forrest as treasurer. The Red Cross Central Committee's recognition letter followed on July 17.

People: John W. Graham · Henrietta P. Collins

Subject: Orange County Courthouse, Hillsborough

The Council of Defense forms a committee to handle soldiers' business affairs

On July 9, 1917, the Orange County Council of Defense formed a Soldiers' Business Aid Committee, chaired by Frank Nash, to attend to any business a soldier wanted looked after. The Red Cross later cited it as the reason the county needed no separate civilian relief committee.

People: Frank Nash · Mack P. Efland

The county board pays for a school for Black children at Jordan's Grove

On July 9, 1917 the county board agreed to pay J. L. Wilson $119 to build a school for Black children "at Jordan's Grove and Grover," near Caldwell. The frame field school ran until 1951; the 1993 survey found it the only Black field school left in the county, badly deteriorated.

Subject: Jordan’s Grove School

Mary Lily Kenan Flagler Bingham dies, leaving the university a fund for professors

Mary Lily Kenan Flagler Bingham, the South's richest widow, died at Louisville, and her will gave the university an endowment expected to pay $75,000 a year to be known as the Kenan Professors Fund. Litigation over her estate delayed the money for years.

People: Edward Kidder Graham

Nurse Mrs. R. B. Hayes starts a surgical dressings class in the Hillsborough Red Cross room

Mrs. R. B. Hayes, a registered nurse, began a class in surgical dressings that met Tuesday and Friday mornings in the Red Cross room, John Norwood's old law office east of the court house, which J. Cheshire Webb lent for as long as the Red Cross needed it. Notice of the classes went to Cedar Grove.

People: J. Cheshire Webb

Orange County women organize the Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense

About fifty women representing every women's organization in the county met at the Hillsborough court house on August 1, 1917, and elected Mrs. J. Cheshire Webb chairman, Lula Cassidy secretary and Mrs. Isaac Manning treasurer. On Labor Day they replaced township units with one central committee of eleven departments.

Subject: Orange County Courthouse, Hillsborough

The Orange County Red Cross takes on a quota of 200 knitted sets for soldiers

Headquarters allotted the Hillsborough-based chapter 200 sets of a sweater, muffler, socks and wristlets, and on August 20, 1917 the executive committee named committees to find knitters and raise money for wool, asking the Cedar Grove branch for ten to twenty-five sets. By September 1 Mrs. C. H. Robertson had sixty experienced knitters waiting for yarn.

Black residents of Hillsborough organize a Red Cross auxiliary

The Orange County Red Cross heard at its August 1, 1917 meeting that Hillsborough's Black residents had organized an auxiliary, which was ready for instruction in surgical dressings and already knitting in cotton. J. Cheshire Webb lent separate Red Cross rooms for white and Black workers.

People: J. Cheshire Webb

Cedar Grove organizes a Red Cross branch

By August 1, 1917, a Red Cross branch had been organized at Cedar Grove and was making surgical dressings. In the fall the county chapter thanked Cedar Grove for giving it the premiums from the community fair.

Hillsborough gives a Labor Day dinner for Orange County's first drafted men

On Labor Day, September 3, 1917, the county honored its drafted men with a dinner for white men at the warehouse and a separate dinner for Black men at the Black school house. Lily Hamilton's Comfort Bag Committee gave bags to the first seven men called from the county.

The Orange County Red Cross grants New Hope Church a branch

The chapter's executive committee read and granted New Hope Church's application to form a Red Cross branch on September 7, 1917, and filed Cedar Grove's certificate of organization at the same meeting. By December New Hope was sending surgical dressings to Hillsborough for shipment with Cedar Grove's.

J. Cheshire Webb is named Orange County's food administrator

On September 20, 1917, State Food Administrator Henry A. Page appointed J. Cheshire Webb of Hillsborough food administrator for Orange County, with R. A. Eubanks as administrator for Chapel Hill. The record says no mill in the county broke a Food Administration rule.

People: J. Cheshire Webb · Eugene Cunningham Branson

R. H. Claytor becomes superintendent of the Orange County schools

R. H. Claytor took office as county school superintendent in September 1917 and served until July 1947. Merging the small rural schools was one of his first goals.

People: R. H. Claytor

Wartime enrollment reaches 1,034

Graham had expected fewer than 800 students, but by October 1, 1917, 1,034 had registered, more than five hundred of them in the military courses. Entering freshmen averaged seventeen, two years younger than in 1915, and about two hundred students left during the term.

People: Edward Kidder Graham

The Orange County Red Cross reports 455 members at its first annual meeting

At a public meeting in the Hillsborough court house, chairman John W. Graham reported 455 members since June 4, branches at Cedar Grove and New Hope, an auxiliary for Black residents, a case of 1,453 surgical dressings shipped to Atlanta, about 150 knitters, and $1,535.43 given. The officers were re-elected, and Capt. Stuart Allen of Canada's Princess Patricia regiment spoke on the fighting in France.

People: John W. Graham · Henrietta P. Collins

Subject: Orange County Courthouse, Hillsborough

Eugene C. Branson urges county teachers to back the food conservation drive

At a court house meeting of teachers and school committeemen called by J. C. Webb, Branson explained why food conservation mattered, and Mrs. Isaac Manning described her work in the south end of the county. Forty-two teachers attended, and the meeting laid the plan to register every woman at her school house on October 27.

People: J. Cheshire Webb

Subject: Orange County Courthouse, Hillsborough

The Chapel Hill Red Cross re-elects its officers and names delegates to the state Red Cross congress

At the chapter's second meeting, held under its constitution on October 17, 1917, members re-elected the officers except treasurer Mrs. J. H. Pratt, who resigned, and chose Dr. J. M. Bullitt in her place. George Howe, Bullitt and Mrs. K. J. Brown were named delegates to the state Red Cross congress in Raleigh on November 1 and 2.

People: George Howe

Hillsborough men enlist in a Home Guard detachment of the state militia

Answering Gov. Bickett's call, the Council of Defense chose 25 men on October 20, 1917, and they enlisted for the duration at the Hillsborough court house on October 22 and 24, electing Shepperd Strudwick first lieutenant. The county bought their uniforms, and they drilled twice a week until the influenza ban on meetings.

People: Shepperd Strudwick (1868-1961) · J. Cheshire Webb · Thomas W. Bickett

Subject: Orange County Courthouse, Hillsborough

A Liberty Bonfire on the court house square rallies Hillsborough for the Second Liberty Loan

On the night of Tuesday, October 23, young Billy Hayes lit a Liberty Bonfire at the corner of the court house square, and seven speakers gave three-minute talks. The county's four banks sold $132,550 in second-loan bonds, and a women's committee under Mrs. James H. Webb raised $79,800.

People: Frank Nash · John W. Graham · Samuel Mallett Gattis · Paul C. Collins

Subject: Orange County Courthouse, Hillsborough

Orange County women sign the food pledge at their school houses

On Saturday, October 27, 1917, committees at every school house in the county registered the women of the district and asked each to sign the Food Administration pledge. A house-to-house canvass of every housewife followed from October 29 to November 4.

People: J. Cheshire Webb · Eugene Cunningham Branson

Governor Bickett gives a wartime University Day address

A month after the term opened, Governor Thomas W. Bickett spoke at University Day in a chilly Memorial Hall, denouncing slackers. Marshals led the academic procession through ranks of uniformed men.

People: Edward Kidder Graham · J. Stuart Allen

Subject: Memorial Hall

More than 200 Orange County women register for war service

In October 1917 the Woman's Committee held the Registration of Women for Service, and more than two hundred women filled out and signed service cards.

Robert and Mollie Malone open Orange County Training School on the old Hackney campus

Principal Robert E. Malone, his wife Mollie Holmes Malone as domestic science teacher, and two other teachers began classes in academic, industrial and farm subjects at the county's new training school for Black students. Black residents had raised $3,000 toward the board's 1916 purchase of the Hackney campus on Merritt Mill Road.

Subject: Orange County Training School / Lincoln High School

The Carolina battalion begins digging practice trenches east of the campus

Under Capt. Allen, the student battalion began a system of front-line, support and communication trenches, dugouts and barbed wire on a field behind Judge Brockwell's place, to train for the war in France. By late November the Tar Heel reported the works nearly complete.

Orange County raises about $2,000 in a Y.M.C.A. war fund drive

A Y.M.C.A. drive ran November 11-19, 1917, led by N. W. Brown, G. K. Collins and T. M. Grant. At a packed court house rally on November 18, with Maj. John W. Graham presiding, pledges reached $1,400, and the rest of the $2,000 was raised afterward.

People: John W. Graham · Samuel Mallett Gattis

Subject: Orange County Courthouse, Hillsborough

The Orange County Red Cross fills its quota of 133 Christmas packets for soldiers

Asked to furnish 133 Christmas packets for soldiers, the chapter put Mary Spurgeon in charge on November 12, 1917, raised money in the community for the packets not yet paid for, and had the whole quota shipped by December 1. In January she read the executive committee letters from soldiers who received them.

A Christmas membership drive signs the Orange County Red Cross's quota of 400 members

J. Cheshire Webb led a membership drive in the week before Christmas 1917, run from an office in the Orange Trust Company room, and reported on January 5, 1918 that the chapter had reached its quota of 400 members. Half the drive's receipts stayed with the chapter and let it pay its bills.

People: J. Cheshire Webb · Charles H. Robertson

A Black county committee raises $525 for the United War Work drive

In the United War Work drive, a county committee of Black residents led by Prof. R. W. Malcom, with Rev. A. E. W. Wilson for Hillsborough and Rev. J. M. Hackney as secretary in Chapel Hill, raised $525 of the county's $7,485.

Baptist pastor S. W. Oldham and his wife nurse the sick in the flu epidemic

During the influenza epidemic the Baptist pastor S. W. Oldham and his wife cared for the sick of Hillsborough, a neighbor recalled in the Baptist paper Charity and Children.

Chapel Hill Red Cross treasurer Dr. J. M. Bullitt resigns to enlist in the Army Medical Corps

In the spring of 1918 Dr. J. M. Bullitt, who had set up the chapter's monthly subscription plan, resigned as treasurer to enlist in the Medical Corps of the United States Army. Dr. J. M. Bell succeeded him, and after about a month Dr. W. M. Dey took over when Bell went to Washington for government work.

People: William Morton Dey

Durham Hosiery sets up looping machines in a Center Street house

After the former school at 109 Center Street was lengthened at its north end, the company, out of room in Mill No. 4, installed extra looping machines there for closing the toes of hose. It became a house again a few years later, once the mill was enlarged.

Farmer and lumber dealer Brodie Lloyd builds a large bungalow at Calvander

Around 1918 Brodie Lloyd, who farmed and ran a lumber business in Carrboro, had a roomy bungalow built on Old NC 86. The report ranks it among the biggest and best kept in the township.

People: Brodie Lloyd

Federal and state agriculture departments survey Orange County's soils

Crews from the U.S. and North Carolina departments of agriculture mapped the county's soils during the 1918 field season. E. S. Vanatta's report, published in 1921, identified twenty-three soil types.

Former mayor Algernon Barbee is buried in the Old Chapel Hill Cemetery

Algernon Barbee (1840-1918), once mayor of Chapel Hill, was buried in the cemetery.

Subject: Old Chapel Hill Cemetery

Henry Guthrie opens a movie theatre on West Franklin Street

Henry "Buddy" Guthrie opened a picture house just west of Graham Street, in the blocks where Black families were settling. Under Davie O'Kelly it became the Standard Theatre.

Ida Lloyd becomes the first clerk in the county superintendent's office

Ida Lloyd was hired as office assistant to the county superintendent in 1918, the first to hold the post, and worked under R. H. Claytor, Glenn Proffit and G. P. Carr for about forty-two years.

People: R. H. Claytor

John Nolen recommends a site for the engineering building

As plans took shape for the School of Applied Science building paid for by the 1917 bonds, planner John Nolen advised placing it between Memorial Hall and the Peabody Building and chose a spot for a flagpole. He promised broader campus plans by the June 1918 commencement.

People: Edward Kidder Graham

Old Commons Hall is taken down

The 1885 building that had served the university as ballroom, gymnasium, dining hall and basketball court was still in use in March 1918 but was gone by January 1919, when the Tar Heel wrote that 'Old Commons is no more'.

Orange County women's committees sell $59,600 in Third Liberty Loan bonds

With Harriet M. Berry of Chapel Hill as county chairman, women organized in every township made $59,600 of the county's $99,150 in Third Liberty Loan sales, more than two-thirds of the allotment. Mrs. T. J. Wilson's Chapel Hill committee took 85 subscriptions for $18,500 and the Hillsborough committee raised $36,000.

People: Harriet Morehead Berry

The Bivins Liner Company begins making tobacco hogshead liners in Hillsborough

Founded in 1918 as the Bivins Liner Company and later called the Hines Liner Company, the firm made the hoops that hold tobacco hogshead heads in place. It also ran a lumber and planing mill nearby.

The Ernest P. Cox House is built on Bellevue Street

The one-story hip-roofed house with projecting gabled wings and a wraparound porch at 112 Bellevue Street is the best preserved of West Hillsborough's one-story houses of the period.

The Orange County Red Cross counts 850 knitted articles and 41,396 dressings for

During 1918 the chapter and its branches at Cedar Grove, New Hope and Oaks sent 850 knitted articles to Atlanta and fourteen boxes holding 41,396 bandages and surgical dressings. The history adds that the Black auxiliary did little sewing but drew in Black members.

The Temple of Truth is organized

Henry Thompson, R. C. Turner and others organized the Temple of Truth, a United Holy Church congregation, and built its church in 1918.

The power house wing of Mill No. 4 is raised to two full stories

In 1918 Durham Hosiery Mills built the original power house wing of Mill No. 4 up to two full stories and gave it a taller two-story tower on the north side.

Subject: Carr Mill

The trustees approve a three-year wartime engineering degree

Before the SATC arrived, the trustees approved an accelerated engineering course leading to a bachelor's degree in three years, with military training and military French. Students were deferred while enrolled and then went on to army or navy service.

The university buys Stephen B. Weeks's North Carolina library

After Weeks died in May 1918, the university bought his collection of about 9,000 books and pamphlets on North Carolina. The purchase roughly doubled the North Carolina Collection's book holdings and became its nucleus.

Subject: UNC Libraries

Trustees name the first five Kenan professors

The trustees adopted President Edward Kidder Graham's recommendations for the new Kenan professorships, funded under the will of Mary Lily Kenan Flagler Bingham. Venable was named Kenan Professor of Chemistry, with H. V. Wilson, Edwin Greenlaw, William MacNider and William Cain.

People: Edward Kidder Graham · H. V. Wilson · Robert Worth Bingham · Edwin Greenlaw

University Day is canceled because of the influenza epidemic

Fear of the influenza epidemic led the university to cancel its University Day observance in the fall of 1918. The literary societies also failed to meet that fall.

University janitors organize with the Industrial Workers of the World

Black janitors at the university formed an affiliate of the IWW and weighed a strike for higher wages as the spring term closed. Business manager Charles T. Woollen answered that he would hire a new crew from Durham, and the effort faded. That fall all the campus help lost their jobs when the SATC took over the buildings.

People: Charles T. Woollen

W. S. Roberson builds a two-store brick building west of the Bank of Chapel Hill

Roberson's building, nearly finished in 1918, held two stores. In the early 1920s the Peoples Bank took the western half and the Lowe brothers' Chapel Hill Hardware the eastern.

People: W. S. Roberson

The Chapel Hill Red Cross moves its workrooms into the Zeta Psi fraternity hall

After its first home, a Main Street store lent by Mayor W. S. Roberson, was sold to the People's Bank, the chapter moved on January 1, 1918, into the lower floor of the Zeta Psi fraternity hall, offered by the university's Upsilon chapter.

People: W. S. Roberson

C. H. Robertson becomes chairman of the Orange County Red Cross executive committee

At the chapter's first meeting of 1918, Robertson was elected unanimously to succeed the Rev. Thomas M. Grant, who had moved away, as chairman of the executive committee. He led the committee through the end of the war and signed the chapter's history as its chairman.

A winter cyclone wrecks the dairy barn at Occoneechee Farm

A storm on a Friday night damaged every building on Julian Carr's Occoneechee Farm and demolished the dairy barn, killing a number of blooded cows. Carr began rebuilding at once.

People: Julian S. Carr

Subject: Occoneechee Farm

Chapel Hill school children organize a Junior Red Cross auxiliary

The Chapel Hill School Auxiliary to the Red Cross was organized in January 1918 with 132 members. The girls sewed refugee garments and hospital supplies, 130 children planted home gardens, and the boys built shipping boxes for the Red Cross in the school basement.

The Efland excelsior mills burn

Fire destroyed the Efland Excelsior Mills, four miles from Hillsborough, with a loss estimated at $15,000 plus about $3,000 in wood. The fire was believed to have been set.

The trustees give the faculty a second $250 raise

Following a $250 raise in September 1917, the trustees added another $250 in January 1918, bringing a full professor's top pay to $3,000. Graham turned down the increase in his own salary, from $4,000 to $6,000, that the board had voted at the 1917 commencement.

People: Edward Kidder Graham

W. S. Roberson joins the county's legal advisory board for draft questionnaires

A legal advisory board was formed to help Orange County men fill out the government's draft questionnaires, with Major John W. Graham, Frank Nash and W. S. Roberson as members.

People: Frank Nash · John W. Graham

The county agent buys a carload of pigs to sell to farmers at cost

With extension work revived in wartime, the commissioners advanced money for County Agent Chance to buy young pigs and sell them to county residents for cash at cost. E. S. Vanatta, who came that year to make the soil survey, followed him as agent until February 1921.

Farmers' Union delegates at Schley ask that no wheat be threshed before July 15

At J. Cheshire Webb's request, the county's Farmers' Union, in convention at Schley on March 30, 1918, resolved to favor a Food Administration rule that no threshing machine start before July 15, to protect crop cultivation. Webb issued the order, and only two farmers broke it; both paid to the Red Cross.

People: J. Cheshire Webb

The county agrees to pay for a home demonstration agent

The commissioners ordered two-thirds of an $800 salary paid for a home demonstration agent, with the school board paying the rest. The work stopped after the war and did not resume until 1935.

Subject: Home demonstration clubs

Orange County raises its Third Liberty Loan honor flag at the court house

The county subscribed $99,150 to the Third Liberty Loan against a $75,000 allotment, and on May 9, 1918, raised its Honor Flag at the court house, with Judge Bond of Edenton speaking. Hillsborough had raised its own town Honor Flag at the cross streets on May 2.

People: Paul C. Collins

Subject: Orange County Courthouse, Hillsborough

Mrs. J. Cheshire Webb is named the Orange County Red Cross's director of woman's work

At the request of Mrs. John W. Grant, the executive committee named Mrs. J. Cheshire Webb director of woman's work on May 11, 1918, and set supervisors over the work: Sue B. Hayes for surgical dressings, Mrs. S. Strudwick for hospital garments, Mrs. W. H. Webb for supplies and shipping, and Henrietta P. Collins as chief clerk.

People: Henrietta P. Collins

Orange County Red Cross knitters report more than 1,100 garments in seven months

Mrs. C. H. Robertson, chairman of knitting, reported in May 1918 that from September 10, 1917 to April 10, 1918 the chapter bought 381 pounds of yarn for $877.03 and its knitters made 234 sweaters, 211 mufflers, 214 wristlets, 521 socks and 6 helmets. The count included work taken over from the Navy League when its knitting merged into the Red Cross.

The Orange County Red Cross accepts a branch at Oaks

On May 11, 1918, the chapter's executive committee read and accepted the Oaks community's petition to join as a branch. Oaks joined Cedar Grove and New Hope as branches of the Hillsborough chapter.

The Orange County Red Cross raises $4,294 in its second War Fund drive

A drive led by F. A. McNeer ran May 20-27, 1918, after ministers across the county preached on Red Cross Sunday, May 19. It raised $4,294.38, and the chapter sent $3,300 to national headquarters and kept about a quarter for local work.

People: John W. Graham

Jean Blue enlists as a Red Cross nurse and goes to France

Jean Blue enlisted in Unit 65 from Watts Hospital on May 27, 1918, trained at Camp Lee and in New York, and sailed for France at the start of September. At Brest she nursed soldiers with influenza and wounded men on their way home.

The Orange County Red Cross sends literature to women in outlying communities to start Red Cross work

On May 31, 1918, after accepting the Oaks branch's certificate of organization, the chapter sent Red Cross literature to Nellie Perry at Cane Creek, Mrs. Cain Roberts near St. Mary's and Mrs. Clyde Compton at Carr in hopes of organized work there. Carr became a branch that August.

Chapel Hill more than doubles its Red Cross War Fund quota

Assessed $500 in the Red Cross War Fund drive of May 1918, the Chapel Hill chapter raised it within a few days and turned in $1,156.60 by the drive's close, under Dr. J. M. Bell with J. S. Holmes.

Frederick H. Koch is hired as professor of dramatic literature

Recruited by Edwin Greenlaw from the University of North Dakota, where he had founded the Dakota Playmakers, Frederick Henry Koch signed in late May 1918 at $2,500 a year to teach dramatic literature, a title he chose. He arrived that summer meaning to build a folk drama program in North Carolina.

People: Frederick H. Koch · Edwin Greenlaw · Edward Kidder Graham

Subject: Carolina Playmakers

A subdued wartime commencement honors the governor, Senator Overman and the Rev. W. D. Moss

With about a third of the class of 1918 already in camps, the university gave honorary degrees to Governor Bickett, Senator Lee S. Overman, Edwin Mims and the Presbyterian pastor W. D. Moss. Frederic C. Howe, immigration commissioner at New York, gave the address.

People: William Dygnum Moss · Thomas W. Bickett

Subject: Memorial Hall

The Council of Defense extends into township community councils

At a court house meeting on June 15, 1918, J. Cheshire Webb organized community councils of defense for each of the seven townships, choosing the township over the school district as the unit. Their charge was to support every war activity without forming new organizations.

People: J. Cheshire Webb · Eugene Cunningham Branson

Subject: Orange County Courthouse, Hillsborough

Marine Samuel Maris Wilkerson of Cedar Grove dies of wounds in France

Samuel Maris Wilkerson of Cedar Grove enlisted in the Marine Corps on December 8, 1917, and served with the 5th Marines in France. Reported wounded on June 15, 1918, he died of his wounds on June 17.

Hillsborough dedicates a tablet crediting Daniel Boone with an expedition from the Old State House

During a day of patriotic meetings and a war bond drive, Hillsborough dedicated a steel tablet at the site of the Old State House stating that frontiersmen under Richard Henderson, led by Daniel Boone, set out from there for Kentucky on March 17, 1776. A Trading Path tablet was added to the monument on July 4, 1931. The inscription is disputed: the American Revolution tour AmRevNC says Boone was not with the party that left the courthouse that day.

People: Richard Henderson · Frank Nash

Subject: Orange County Courthouse, Hillsborough

Orange County pledges three-quarters of its War Savings quota in a June drive

The county's War Savings Stamps quota was $331,400, about $20 a person. A drive June 23-28, 1918, pledged 75 percent of it, and a second drive September 9-14 sought the rest; the county finished with $272,956 pledged and $264,370 sold.

People: Shepperd Strudwick (1868-1961)

Kameichi Kato becomes the first Asian student to finish a four-year degree

Kato, from Hiroshima, Japan, graduated with the Class of 1918, the first Asian student to earn a four-year degree at the university. He had organized Epsilon Phi Delta, a society for the study of Japanese-American relations.

The Class of 1918 plants a shoot of the Davie Poplar

Worried that the lightning-struck Davie Poplar might die, the seniors planted a rooted shoot of it that William Long of Chapel Hill had raised. Both trees were still standing a century later.

Subject: McCorkle Place (with the Davie Poplar)

The Orange County Red Cross's June box of 8,000 compresses goes straight to France

The chapter's June 1918 box to headquarters held 8,000 compresses, which were sent on to France without repacking, as the executive committee heard on July 19.

The university gets an ROTC unit under Lt. Col. Gustave W. S. Stevens

With the university's ROTC application finally approved, the army called Lieutenant Colonel Gustave W. S. Stevens out of retirement in New Orleans and sent him to Chapel Hill in June 1918 to run the program. He stayed on to command the campus when the SATC replaced it.

Orange County holds a Fourth of July war rally on the UNC campus

At the Governor's request the UNC Summer School invited the county to its July 4, 1918 celebration, and at least 3,000 people came for a parade, a flag raising and S. M. Gattis's address in Memorial Hall. The county Council of Defense met in Gerrard Hall, and Adolph Vermont's pageant on French-American friendship played in Battle's Park.

People: M. C. S. Noble · J. Cheshire Webb · Samuel Mallett Gattis · Adolph Vermont

Subject: Gerrard Hall · Memorial Hall · University Summer School · Battle Park

The Orange County Red Cross sends $120 for canteen work among troops passing through Raleigh

Answering James H. Pou's appeal, the executive committee voted on John W. Graham's motion on July 19, 1918 to send $120 from chapter funds to Mrs. William Grimes of the Raleigh chapter for troops passing through Raleigh. The same meeting reported War Fund receipts of $4,294.38.

People: James H. Pou · John W. Graham

Eight Orange County women enroll in the U.S. Student Nurse Reserve

A canvass of the county by the Woman's Committee in July 1918 for the U.S. Student Nurse Reserve enrolled eight young women, six white and two Black.

The Orange County Red Cross grants a branch to Carr precinct

At its August 12, 1918 meeting the chapter granted Carr precinct's petition to become a branch, its fourth after Cedar Grove, New Hope and Oaks. The same meeting heard headquarters' advice to stop giving comfort kits to men leaving for camp.

A four-church committee raises $504 for Jewish war relief

About the middle of August 1918 a campaign for the Jewish Relief Fund, run by men from the Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian and Episcopal churches, raised $504.

People: Shepperd Strudwick (1868-1961)

Palmer Grove Methodist Church is organized

A revival that began on August 4, 1918 in the new Palmer's Grove schoolhouse, about three and a half miles northwest of Hillsboro, closed with the organizing of a Methodist church with seventeen members; the people meant to build a church soon. Lefler and Wager name E. T. Blakely, R. T. Murdock and T. H. Yates among its leaders.

The Chapel Hill Red Cross starts a conservation committee that ships nut shells for gas masks

The chapter appointed a Committee on Conservation under Mrs. M. H. Stacy on September 1, 1918. On November 20 it shipped four barrels of nut shells for gas masks and seventeen pounds of tin foil.

The Hillsborough Community Chorus formally organizes

Already singing at patriotic gatherings, the chorus organized at the Hillsborough Library on September 2, 1918, with Mrs. W. D. Benton as director, and gave the Red Cross $73 from an August concert. It later planned four concerts a year to help the Daughters of the Confederacy build a public library as a memorial to the county's Confederate soldiers.

People: Shepperd Strudwick (1868-1961)

The Orange County Red Cross forms a canteen committee to give packages to men leaving for camp

On September 2, 1918 the chapter appointed a canteen committee of five women, each to add another, with authority to buy supplies for packages worth up to a dollar for men leaving Hillsborough for camp. In October the Chapel Hill chapter offered to share the cost, since the men came from all parts of the county.

People: Henrietta P. Collins · George Howe

A War Savings rally in Hillsborough welcomes home wounded volunteer Jim Cheshire

On the night of Registration Day, September 12, 1918, a crowd packed the court house for a War Savings rally to hear two of Pershing's soldiers. One was Jim Cheshire, the first man to volunteer from the town and the first to come home, sent back wounded to train troops. That day 1,727 county men registered for the draft.

People: J. Cheshire Webb · Samuel Mallett Gattis

Subject: Orange County Courthouse, Hillsborough

Orange County organizes for the United War Work drive

A court house meeting on September 19, 1918, elected N. W. Brown county chairman for the United War Work drive. The county raised $7,485; Carrboro gave $1,240 on a $500 quota, and Hillsborough Township, under Elizabeth Cornelius, gave $2,300.

People: R. H. Claytor

Subject: Orange County Courthouse, Hillsborough

The Students' Army Training Corps takes over the campus

Registration, put off to September 24 and 25, opened a year run by the army: dormitories became Barracks 1 through 8, Swain Hall the Mess Hall, and the year was cut into twelve-week quarters with classes grouped by age. About seven hundred enrolled, nearly all of them required to take a course on the issues of the war, and the commander worked from the Sigma Chi house.

People: Edward Kidder Graham · Charles T. Woollen

Capt. J. Stuart Allen returns to command the students outside the SATC

When the Students' Army Training Corps took over the campus in the fall of 1918, about 300 students too young or otherwise ineligible had to room in the village. Capt. J. Stuart Allen, back for a second year, commanded their non-SATC training company, which drilled on the old class field.

750 University students are inducted into the Students' Army Training Corps

At noon on October 1, 1918, about 750 University students took the oath at the campus flag pole from Lt. Col. Stevens, the commandant, and became members of the Students' Army Training Corps, at the same moment as students at about 500 colleges across the country. President Edward Kidder Graham gave the address, and the corps was reviewed from the steps of the Alumni Building.

People: Edward Kidder Graham

Chapel Hill Red Cross membership grows to 687

The Chapel Hill chapter, which had enrolled 71 members at its first meeting in 1917, counted 687 members on October 1, 1918.

Orange County's new Board of Health orders churches, schools and theatres closed and forbids all meetings

After the state Council of Defense warned county chairmen of the spread of Spanish influenza, they formed a County Board of Health, which on October 7 ordered the closing of all churches, schools and theatres and forbade meetings of every kind, the disease having already broken out in the community. Red Cross members carried most of the relief work that followed.

Lt. Joseph Henry Johnston of Chapel Hill is killed in France

Joseph Henry Johnston of Chapel Hill Route 2 volunteered in May 1917, trained at Fort Oglethorpe and became a first lieutenant in the 322nd Infantry, 81st Division. He was killed in France on October 15, 1918.

The Tar Heel counts some 300 student cases and three deaths as the three-week campus quarantine eases

Confined to the campus for three weeks, the Student Army Training Corps men had their first leave on Saturday, October 19, under orders not to leave town. The paper counted about 300 cases among the students, three deaths and 35 still in the college infirmary, credited the second-year medical students with keeping the toll low, and noted that both of the university's physicians, Dr. Mangum and Dr. MacNider, had fallen ill.

People: William de Berniere MacNider · Charles Staples Mangum

Subject: The Daily Tar Heel

President Edward Kidder Graham dies of influenza and pneumonia at his home in Chapel Hill

Graham, 42, president since 1914 and regional director of the Student Army Training Corps for the South Atlantic states, died on Saturday night after five days' illness. The SATC battalion escorted the funeral, conducted at the grave by W. D. Moss of the Presbyterian church; Josephus Daniels and Newton D. Baker sent tributes.

People: Edward Kidder Graham · William Dygnum Moss

The Orange County Red Cross organizes volunteer nursing for the epidemic

Meeting on October 26, 1918, with the county influenza relief committee, the chapter named T. N. Webb and Nellie Russell to take requests for nurses in the West Hill and Hillsborough school districts and canvassed the town for volunteers. Chester Turner and Ross Turner, a Black man, served as volunteer nurses wherever needed.

People: John W. Graham

The trustees make Marvin H. Stacy chairman of the faculty with a president's powers

Five days after Graham's death the trustees named his dean, Marvin Hendrix Stacy, chairman of the faculty with the full powers of the presidency. Stacy named Harry W. Chase acting dean of the College of Liberal Arts, and the trustees agreed.

People: Harry Woodburn Chase

A Black committee of the women's Liberty Loan organization raises $1,350 in Hillsborough Township

In the Fourth Liberty Loan the Hillsborough Township women's committee included a committee of Black residents, among them Annie Renshaw, Fannie Benton and Christianna Ferribow, who raised $1,350 from 27 Black subscribers.

Black residents keep an influenza soup kitchen at the Black school

During the 1918 epidemic in Chapel Hill and Carrboro, Black residents ran a soup kitchen at the Black school and looked after the sick in their settlement, work the Chapel Hill Red Cross history singled out.

Carrboro opens an influenza diet kitchen in the mill club rooms

When influenza spread from the university to Carrboro, a volunteer nursing committee worked night and day, and J. S. Carr gave the club rooms for a diet kitchen and paid its costs. For two weeks Mrs. R. B. Lawson and Mrs. Arthur Blackwood served at least seven gallons of soup a day, and orderlies checked homes each morning.

People: Julian S. Carr

Cedar Grove Township counts about 375 influenza cases and four deaths

Cedar Grove Township had about 375 cases of Spanish influenza and only four deaths, and the epidemic there lasted until the second week of December 1918.

Chapel Hill women nurse influenza patients as volunteers in the University hospital

When influenza broke out after the University opened in the fall of 1918, the Red Cross offered its help to the physicians, and for weeks Helen Shell, Katherine Bourne and Mrs. K. J. Brown nursed as volunteers in the University hospital while other women helped stricken families in the village.

Chase takes charge of the college and then the faculty after two deaths

Chase was appointed acting dean of the College of Liberal Arts after President Edward Kidder Graham died in October 1918, and chairman of the faculty after Marvin H. Stacy died in January 1919.

People: Edward Kidder Graham · Marvin Hendrix Stacy

Eno Mill opens an influenza diet kitchen at West Hill school

When influenza reached the Eno Mill district, the mill opened and paid for a diet kitchen at the West Hill school for about seven weeks, run by home demonstration agent Elizabeth Cornelius. It fed as many as 150 people a day, and the mill hired nurses for the sick.

People: Charles H. Robertson

Subject: Eno Mill · Home demonstration clubs

Members of the Woman's Association make 120 gauze masks for the campus Hospital Corps

Meeting in small groups during the epidemic, women of the university's Woman's Association sewed 120 gauze masks and sent them to the infirmary for the Hospital Corps. The county's 1919 war record, summing up the association's work that fall, counts 150 influenza masks.

Nurse Bessie Roper dies after nursing UNC students through influenza

Miss Roper left a paid nursing job to care for university students with influenza and stayed at her post while ill herself until doctors made her stop. She developed pneumonia and died within days.

The Orange County Red Cross ships 2,682 pounds of clothing for Belgian relief

In October 1918 the chapter shipped eleven boxes holding 2,682 pounds of clothing for Belgian relief and sent 706 linen articles, valued at $234.90, for soldiers in French hospitals. The Oaks branch, unable to send clothing, gave $40 for Belgian relief.

The university publishes the North Carolina Club's study of county life

The extension program issued a 188-page report on the counties built on the North Carolina Club's research, in which E. C. Branson called county government the least creditable institution in the country. The study later fed the 1920s county government reforms.

People: Albert Coates · Eugene Cunningham Branson

UNC's women students make masks and arm bands for the emergency hospitals

In the first days of the epidemic the Red Cross called on the co-eds to make face masks for doctors and nurses in the emergency hospitals. They made 286 masks and 170 arm bands for hospital attendants.

Chandler J. Cates of Hillsborough dies of wounds after the armistice

Chandler J. Cates of Company F, 120th Infantry, 30th Division, was severely wounded on October 17, 1918, after distinguished service, and taken to hospitals in France and England. He died of his wounds on November 20, 1918.

The Chapel Hill Red Cross elects A. H. Patterson chairman at its annual meeting

At its annual meeting on Thursday, November 21, 1918, the chapter elected Dr. A. H. Patterson chairman, with Alice Noble vice-chairman, Nellie Roberson secretary and Dudley Carroll treasurer. Earlier that fall George Howe had resigned for his duties on the University's Student Army Training Corps committee, and J. M. Bell had taken his place.

People: George Howe · Alice Noble

About 2,240 university men are in uniform when the war ends

At the armistice about 2,240 university men, counting alumni and faculty, were in service. The Alumni Review's October to December issues listed 33 dead, and the only faculty member killed was Lt. Joseph Henry Johnston of the School of Education.

The Chapel Hill Red Cross moves its workroom to the University Inn

After the armistice of November 11, 1918, the chapter left the Zeta Psi fraternity hall for roomy quarters in the University Inn that the University provided.

Subject: Eagle Hotel (Chapel Hill)

The Orange County Red Cross mails 111 Christmas boxes to men overseas

In November 1918 a chapter committee inspected, packed and mailed 111 Christmas boxes for men in the American Expeditionary Forces. A hundred comfort kits that Mrs. C. H. Robertson's workers had made for a Capt. Davies, which could not be shipped to him, went instead to fill a headquarters order for Italian comfort kits.

The university Woman's Association holds a Thanksgiving peace festival

To pay for layettes and other war relief, the Woman's Association planned a Thanksgiving Peace Celebration: a Gypsy Festival moved by rain into the Y.M.C.A., ending with a pageant in Gerrard Hall. It raised $350, $150 of it for the United War Fund.

Subject: Gerrard Hall · University YMCA

A memorial service for President Graham fills Gerrard Hall

Every seat in Gerrard Hall was taken for the formal memorial service for Edward Kidder Graham, held after the epidemic had eased. Horace Williams and R. D. W. Connor spoke, and J. G. de Roulhac Hamilton read a tribute from C. Alphonso Smith.

People: R. D. W. Connor · J. G. de Roulhac Hamilton · Henry Horace Williams

Subject: Gerrard Hall

The SATC is demobilized and half its men leave Chapel Hill

Demobilization of the Students' Army Training Corps was completed on December 10, 1918, ending military control of the campus, and half of the SATC men left on the next train. Faculty judged the arrangement a failure because the university had answered to two masters.

People: Louis Round Wilson · Marvin Hendrix Stacy

Sgt. Charles Battle Wills of Chapel Hill dies of pneumonia overseas

Charles Battle Wills of Chapel Hill enlisted June 19, 1917, and served as a sergeant in Battery C, 113th Field Artillery, 30th Division. He died of pneumonia overseas on Christmas Day 1918, and L. P. McLendon paid him tribute at the Chapel Hill homecoming.

A second influenza wave strikes Cedar Grove, Efland and Hillsborough

After Christmas 1918 a second epidemic spread through the county and was very bad at Cedar Grove, Efland and Hillsborough. This time schools and churches stayed open, and the outbreak slowly died down.

Edwin Greenlaw becomes dean of the Graduate School

Greenlaw became the third dean of UNC's Graduate School and led it until he left for Johns Hopkins in 1925.

The Chapel Hill Red Cross signs 550 members in its 1918 Christmas Roll Call

J. S. Holmes chaired the chapter's Christmas Roll Call of 1918, which secured 550 members. The school's Junior Red Cross auxiliary enrolled 310 in the same roll call, with every grade of the graded school at full membership.

Trustees and faculty back a $150,000 student building as Edward Kidder Graham's memorial

A joint committee of trustees and faculty, meeting in the governor's office in mid-December, agreed to raise $150,000 privately for the student activities building Graham had hoped for, to stand where Person Hall was. Albert Coates ran the drive and by the end of January 1919 announced $20,000 pledged by students, $14,500 of it in one night.

People: Louis Round Wilson · Albert Coates

Acting dean of students A. H. Patterson reports on drinking at the spring dances

When complaints about drinking at the revived spring dances reached President Chase, Patterson, whom Chase had made acting dean of students, blamed most of it on visiting alumni and said there was little he could do about the newer dances.

People: Harry Woodburn Chase

Alexander H. Graham becomes chair of the Orange County Democratic Party

After his discharge from the Army as a captain in 1919, Alexander H. "Sandy" Graham of Hillsborough was elected chair of the Orange County Democratic Party.

Alice Noble writes the history of the Chapel Hill Red Cross chapter

As chapter historian, Alice Noble signed the Chapel Hill chapter's account of its war work, from the 1917 first aid class through the 1919 welcome home for soldiers and sailors in Memorial Hall.

Charlotte Hawkins Brown starts the clubwomen's drive for a home for delinquent Black girls

As president of the North Carolina Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, Charlotte Hawkins Brown of Palmer Memorial Institute began a public campaign in late 1919 for a reformatory for Black girls, the same year the legislature set up juvenile courts. The drive led to the Efland Home in western Orange County.

Subject: North Carolina Industrial Home for Colored Girls (Efland Home)

Chase keeps E. C. Branson at Chapel Hill with a Kenan professorship

When the University of Virginia tried to hire the rural sociologist to rebuild his program in Charlottesville, Chase made Branson a Kenan professor with $1,000 more in pay, and he stayed.

People: Harry Woodburn Chase · R. D. W. Connor

Dudley D. Carroll leads UNC's School of Commerce

Carroll came to UNC as professor of economics in 1918 and became dean of the School of Commerce, which he helped plan, holding the post for thirty-one years.

Edgar Wallace Knight joins the UNC faculty

Knight, who had taught education at Trinity College, joined the University of North Carolina faculty in 1919, and Chapel Hill remained his home from then on.

Eric A. Abernethy becomes the university physician

After he came home from the war, the university hired Dr. Eric A. Abernethy as its campus physician, in charge of the infirmary. UNC A to Z calls him the first person to hold the post and says he brought modern ideas about sanitation and medical practice to the campus.

Eugene C. Branson proposes calling the planned social science school the School of Public Welfare

Branson had urged a school of social science on Graham in 1916. In 1919, worried that "social science" sounded like socialism to North Carolinians, he proposed the name School of Public Welfare, which John Sprunt Hill endorsed, and suggested Hill endow it.

People: John Sprunt Hill · Harry Woodburn Chase · Edward Kidder Graham

Frank Porter Graham becomes dean of students

Chase brought Graham back from the Marines over the summer to fill the new post of dean of students, in charge of discipline and of reviving student government after the SATC, while also teaching history. He agreed to try it for a year.

People: Harry Woodburn Chase

Frederick Koch reads A Christmas Carol in Gerrard Hall

Koch brought his annual reading of Dickens's A Christmas Carol to UNC when he arrived in 1918. The Raleigh News and Observer described a 1919 reading in Gerrard Hall, with carols by university singing groups in the two intermissions, and he gave the reading 39 times on the UNC campus.

Subject: Gerrard Hall

George Howe becomes dean of the College of Liberal Arts

Howe, professor of Latin since 1903, took over the College of Liberal Arts in 1919 to handle academic affairs while the new dean of students handled discipline.

People: George Howe

Gus Paviakis opens the Carolina Confectionery, later the Carolina Coffee Shop

Paviakis opened the Carolina Confectionery in the space the University Athletic Shop had used. George Livas and James Gust later bought it and renamed it the Carolina Coffee Shop.

Houston J. Walker buys the James A. Cheek House from Annie Gray Ruffin

Annie Gray Ruffin, widowed since she and Allen J. Ruffin bought the Cheek house in 1908, sold it to Houston J. Walker. Three years later Walker and his son Allen H. Walker Sr. opened Walker's Funeral Home in Hillsborough.

People: Allen Jones Ruffin

Inez Koonce Stacy becomes the University's adviser to women

After Clara Lingle left, the post went to Inez Koonce Stacy, widow of acting president Marvin Stacy. For years she was the only woman on the regular University payroll apart from stenographers and library aides.

People: Harry Woodburn Chase

James Webb Jr.'s house Mid-Lawn is sold to David and Elizabeth Patterson

In 1919 Mid-Lawn, the Italianate house James Webb Jr. built in 1881 at East Queen and North Cameron streets, was sold to David and Elizabeth Patterson. It has since been known as the Webb-Patterson House.

Korean lespedeza is introduced on Orange County farms

By 1919 farmers had been persuaded to try Korean lespedeza and nearly a thousand acres were grown that year. The legume became the county's main hay crop and winter cover.

Lenoir Chambers is hired to teach journalism and run the University news service

Chase recruited Chambers, a newspaperman then still in France, to teach a journalism course and manage the University's news service, arranging the job through his father while Chambers was crossing the Atlantic.

People: Harry Woodburn Chase

Luther Hodges leads the UNC student council and his senior class

Hodges worked his way through the University of North Carolina, where he was president of the student council and of his senior class. He graduated in 1919.

Orange County Training School enrolls 215 students

Two years after it opened on the former Hackney campus in Chapel Hill, the county's training school for Black students had 215 enrolled.

Subject: Orange County Training School / Lincoln High School

Oscar Efird organizes the Law School Association

Law teacher Oscar Ogburn Efird turned the school's loose moot courts into appellate-style law clubs under a Law School Association. It faded after he left the next year.

Subject: UNC School of Law

Paul John Weaver is hired as the University's first director of music

Chase completed the hiring, begun by Graham, of Weaver of St. Louis as the first director of music, a full professor at $2,750. Chase asked him to take music education out to the state's schools, as Frederick Koch was doing with drama.

People: Harry Woodburn Chase

Phillips Hall opens, named for three Phillips family teachers

Phillips Hall opened on the Chapel Hill campus in 1919, honoring three members of the Phillips family who taught at the university in the nineteenth century: James Phillips, his son Charles Phillips and his grandson William Battle Phillips.

People: Charles Phillips

Sallie Hemphill, later Sallie Markham Michie, buys the house at 121 South Columbia Street

Sallie Michie bought the two-story house next to what became the Ackland Art Museum in 1919 and kept it for 73 years, refusing for decades to sell it to the University.

The Bacon farm on St. Mary's Road takes up dairying

After the First World War the owners of the Bacon Farm switched to dairying, building a large gambrel-roofed dairy barn and two frame milking parlors behind the house, which was remodeled as a bungalow in the same years.

The Bank of Chapel Hill opens a branch, the Bank of Carrboro

The Bank of Chapel Hill raised its capital in the summer of 1919 so it could open a bank in the mill town, and the Bank of Carrboro opened for business on a Saturday late that fall. Deposits on the first day came to more than $30,000.

Subject: Bank of Chapel Hill

The Bellevue mill changes over from steam to electric power

The mill was built to run belt-driven machinery from a steam engine. By 1919 it ran partly on electricity, and by the mid-1920s it had changed over completely, with individual motors on the machines and the belt-way removed.

Subject: Bellevue Mill

The Forest Theatre, an outdoor amphitheatre, is built at the edge of Battle Park

The university's open-air theatre on the western edge of Battle Park dates from 1919. It now carries the name of drama professor Frederick Koch.

Subject: Forest Theatre · Battle Park

The University carries out a building program under President Chase

William M. Kendal of McKim, Mead and White planned an expansion for 3,000 students, proposing twenty-one new buildings. By December 1928 the University had built nine dormitories (eight for men, one for women) and Saunders, Murphey, Manning and Venable halls, with Bingham Hall and the library nearly done, and had remodeled the old campus buildings. Faculty above the rank of instructor grew from 66 to 158 over the decade.

The clerk of superior court becomes judge of Orange County's juvenile court

A 1919 state law required a juvenile court in every county. In Orange, as in most counties, the clerk of superior court was made its judge.

The county war record lists 23 Orange County servicemen who died in the war

Annie Sutton Cameron's record for the Council of Defense lists 23 Orange County soldiers killed in action or dead of wounds or disease, four of them Black. The list includes men from Chapel Hill, Carrboro, Hillsborough, Blackwood and Rougemont.

The university hires Aberthaw and McKim, Mead and White for its expansion

For the postwar building program the university engaged the Aberthaw firm in 1919 to survey the campus and rework its plan, and by May 1920 it had retained the New York firm of McKim, Mead and White, led by William Kendall, as consulting architects for red brick Colonial Revival buildings. Local supervision came later, under Thomas C. Atwood from 1921, with H. P. Alan Montgomery and, from 1922, Arthur C. Nash.

People: Arthur Cleveland Nash · Thomas C. Atwood

The county board decides to turn every one-teacher school into a two-teacher school

In January 1919 the board resolved to convert all of its one-teacher schools to two teachers, the same meeting at which it bought water coolers and erasers for the classrooms and raised the superintendent's pay.

Fire destroys three fraternity houses on Fraternity Row and nearly takes the Carnegie Library

Fire broke out about 2 a.m. and destroyed the Sigma Alpha Epsilon, Pi Kappa Phi and Sigma Nu houses at the lower end of Fraternity Row, a private lane behind the Carnegie Library. The library, about thirty feet from the Sigma Nu house, lost only some window panes and had water damage. The university then bought land across South Columbia Street and swapped it with the fraternities for their old lots, which led to the fraternity courts of the 1920s.

Subject: UNC Libraries · Hill Hall

Acting president Marvin Hendrix Stacy dies of influenza

Stacy, dean of the College of Liberal Arts and chairman of the faculty with a president's powers since Graham's death, died on Tuesday morning after several days' serious illness, the second university head lost to the pandemic in three months. The pandemic led the university to appoint its first university physician, Eric Alonzo Abernethy.

People: Marvin Hendrix Stacy

Enrollment drops to 759 for the postwar winter quarter

When the winter quarter opened after the SATC left, 759 students registered, the lowest count in more than a decade. Officials hoped returning soldiers would add about 150 in March.

People: Marvin Hendrix Stacy