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Reconstruction and the New South · 1866–1899
- 1890s
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Lee's Chapel Baptist Church is organized
William H. Standfield organized Lee's Chapel Baptist Church, a Black congregation, and was its first pastor.
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Robert L. Strowd runs a general store on Franklin Street
Robert L. Strowd had a general store in the building where Charles L. Lindsay had sold furniture, dry goods and groceries. In 1901 he bought the building and its lot from Adele Tankersley.
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The legislature rejects a bill to strip the university of undergraduates
A bill drafted by Davidson College president Shearer would have abolished the university's four undergraduate classes over ten years. After a joint committee hearing at which President Winston defended the university, the General Assembly of 1893 instead voted it $10,000 for repairs.
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The name Texas appears on William Spoon's map of Alamance County
William Spoon's 1893 map of Alamance County labels a road in northern Pleasant Grove Township the Texas Road and the section below it Texas, the earliest dated use of the community's name that Hazel found. The 1928 county map uses the name as well; its origin is unknown.
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The university pipes well water to its buildings
Until 1892 only the chemical laboratory had running water, from a small tank and a hand pump. In the summer of 1893 water from a large well was pumped by steam into iron tanks in the attic of the South Building for use across the campus, though the supply proved too small.
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University tennis players beat Virginia and join the Intercollegiate Tennis Association
The university's tennis champions beat the University of Virginia and Richmond College on their own courts, and the university joined the ten-member Intercollegiate Tennis Association as its only Southern member. D. R. Bryson and H. C. Bridgers placed fifth in doubles at New Haven.
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Venable and student William R. Kenan Jr. demonstrate calcium carbide in Person Hall
Chemistry professor Francis P. Venable and student William R. Kenan Jr. demonstrated the industrial uses of calcium carbide, the source of acetylene gas, in Person Hall.
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Elizabeth “Libba” Cotten was born on Lloyd Street in what became Carrboro
Elizabeth Nevills, later known as Elizabeth “Libba” Cotten, was born near the railroad tracks on what is now Lloyd Street in Carrboro. As a child she wrote “Freight Train,” which Folkways released on record in 1958 and which carried her into the folk revival.
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The Tar Heel publishes its first issue
The first issue of The Tar Heel, volume 1, number 1, appeared on Thursday, February 23, 1893, as a weekly published under the auspices of the University Athletic Association, with Charles Baskerville as editor in chief. The student paper took the name The Daily Tar Heel in 1929.
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Forest fire destroys Eno Presbyterian Church
Wind-driven woods fires on Saturday, April 1, 1893 burned the Eno Presbyterian church and its session house at the old site near the river. The loss preceded the congregation's move to Cedar Grove, where it built again in 1897 to 1899.
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The justices of the peace vote to repeal the county road tax
In joint session, a majority of the county's justices voted to end the alternative road system while every commissioner voted to keep it. After a second standoff in July, the commissioners gave way on August 8, 1893.
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Fire destroys Major John W. Graham's house at Montrose
Major John W. Graham's house east of Hillsborough burned to the ground on the night of October 19, with almost nothing saved and no insurance on a loss of about $15,000. It was the second Graham house lost to fire on the Montrose site, after the governor's house in 1862; the family moved into the old law office until the present house was built.
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Walnut Grove Methodist Church dedicates its frame church
The congregation began a frame church in 1891 on land given by Anthony W. Cole, replacing the log building it had used since the 1840s, and dedicated it on October 29, 1893. The frame church served until the stone church of 1937 to 1942.
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The Chapel Hill News, forerunner of The News of Orange County, begins publication
The weekly that became The News of Orange County began in Chapel Hill in October 1893 as The Chapel Hill News. Renamed The News, it moved to Hillsboro between 1936 and 1941 and took the title The News of Orange County in 1944. The paper still dates its founding to 1893.
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A one-story brick store, a drug store by 1900, is built at 109 West King Street
The 1894 Sanborn map shows a smaller building on the lot at 109 West King Street; by 1900 the map shows a brick store much like the present one, labeled a drug store. It was a jeweler's in 1911.
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Adam A. Kluttz buys the old Sam Phillips house and law office
After the owner, Margaret Miller, died, her only heir, Mary Jane Cooper, sold the old Sam Phillips house on East Franklin Street, with the old law office, to the merchant Adam A. Kluttz.
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Alphonso and Anne McDade buy the house later called the McDade House
The heirs of Isaac Hudson sold the western half of the original Lot 5 on West Franklin Street to Alphonso J. McDade and his wife Anne. The McDades never lived there and rented the house to their daughter Minnie and her husband, J. E. Merritt.
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Annie L. Hughes keeps Cedar Grove Academy
Annie L. Hughes carried on a Cedar Grove Academy from 1894 until 1915, a decade after the death of Samuel W. Hughes ended his Hughes Academy.
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Colonel George Tate is allowed to sell his county map to school committees
The board gave Colonel George Tate, maker of a map of Orange County, leave to offer it for sale to the school committee of every district.
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Dilsey Craig, enslaved in the household of professor James Phillips, dies
Dilsey Craig (1802-1894) and Ben Craig were enslaved by the family of mathematics professor James Phillips and lived in the brick kitchen behind 501 East Franklin Street. Dilsey remained with the family long after freedom, and a memorial marks her in the old Chapel Hill Cemetery.
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Dixie Lee Bryant teaches at the summer school in Chapel Hill
Bryant, head of science at the State Normal and Industrial School in Greensboro, was on the faculty of the 1894 Summer School for Teachers and Students in Chapel Hill, teaching physical geography and botany.
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Dr. Roberson adds a ten-room annex to the Central Hotel
Roberson enlarged the Central Hotel with a ten-room wing facing the campus. After his death in 1897 Kluttz ran the hotel for a short time before 'Bunn' Patterson took back its management.
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Frank Nash returns to Hillsborough to live and write
After breakdowns in health ended most of his Tarboro law practice, Frank Nash moved back to Hillsborough, where he had grown up at the Nash-Kollock school. He stayed about twenty years and began writing historical romances and local history.
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James Long is elected to the county Board of Education after James Cole resigns
When James Cole left the Orange County Board of Education in 1894, James Long was chosen for the vacancy, a year before the legislature abolished the county boards.
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The Masons leave their farm and a scholarship fund to the university
Mary Elizabeth Morgan Mason, who died in July 1894 a year after her husband James Pleasant Mason, left the university about 800 acres of Morgan family land near Chapel Hill. His $1,000 gift funded the education of poor students in the names of their daughters Martha and Varina, and their portraits were hung in the university library.
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The University Magazine issues its Golden Jubilee number
In 1894 the University Magazine marked fifty years since its first issue with a Golden Jubilee number, prepared largely by faculty editor Collier Cobb and filled with articles on the university's history.
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The old Nunn tavern building reopens as the Patterson Hotel
Dr. Abner Benton Roberson bought from McDade the old building on the eastern half of Lot 5, once Nunn's tavern and inn and for some years the McDades' home. 'Bunn' Patterson remodeled it and added four or five rooms, and it opened as the Patterson Hotel, which did not last long as a hotel.
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The university builds an infirmary
A small wooden infirmary of five rooms went up on the campus in 1894, where the college physician treated sick students. The 1893-94 catalogue had promised it before the next session, and it was replaced by the larger infirmary of 1907.
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The university opens a Summer School for Teachers and Students to women and men
The four-week school under Edwin A. Alderman admitted both sexes for a $5 fee and enrolled seventy-five, with academic and teaching departments staffed by university professors and teachers from the State Normal and city schools. It was one of four summer schools the university ran that year.
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William Hooper's remains are taken from Hillsborough to Guilford Courthouse battleground
The remains of William Hooper, signer of the Declaration of Independence, were removed from his grave in Hillsborough's town cemetery and reburied at the Guilford Courthouse battleground near Greensboro. His original gravestone was left in the Hillsborough cemetery, on ground that had been his garden east of the house.
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Paul Green, playwright of The Lost Colony and an outspoken opponent of segregation, was born
Paul Green was born in Harnett County and entered UNC in 1916.
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Justices and commissioners hold their last joint meeting
At the final joint session the justices elected John Thompson county superintendent of common schools, chose D. H. Hamilton, W. A. Maddry and M. W. Moore as commissioners, and set the 1894 tax. It closed out the justices' part in running the county.
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George Trice advertises his oyster restaurant and shoe shop opposite the Chapel Hill Hotel
George Trice's advertisement in The Tar Heel offered fresh oysters three times a week, fries, stews, steaks and eggs, board at $10 a month, and neat shoe repairing at low cost, all at his place opposite the Chapel Hill Hotel.
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Brodie Lloyd builds a rental house on Oak Avenue before the Alberta mill opens
The house at 307 Oak Avenue is one of very few in Carrboro older than the Alberta Cotton Mill and among the first investment houses of Brodie Lloyd, Thomas F. Lloyd's cousin; once the mill opened it was rented to its workers. Carpenter Thomas Clark and later his daughter and her husband, knitter Ben Williams, lived there from the 1920s.
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County commissioners take charge of the Orange County schools
From 1895 to 1897 Orange had no Board of Education or superintendent; the county commissioners ran the schools. John W. Thompson, superintendent before and after, returned in June 1897.
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Dr. John S. Spurgeon buys the former Burwell School
The dentist paid Charles Parks $2,500 for lots 152 and 153. The Spurgeons, whose household included Carrie Waitt Spurgeon, daughter of a Burwell student, lived there for about seventy years and added electricity and plumbing.
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President Winston ends support and the University Magazine stops
In 1895 President George T. Winston decided the university was not getting enough for its subscription, and the University Magazine stopped publishing until it was revived a few years later.
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Princeton's Thomas Trenchard coaches Carolina to its best football season yet
The Athletic Association hired Thomas G. "Doggie" Trenchard, an 1893 Princeton all-American, and his team won seven games and tied one before losing again to Virginia. In February 1896 President Winston called off a planned tribute to the coach, saying he had been drinking and betting on games while in Chapel Hill.
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The Alpha Theta Phi honor society enrolls the best scholars
Dr. Tolman, who taught at the University in 1893-94, introduced Alpha Theta Phi, a society open only to the best scholars; by spring 1895 nine members of the class of 1896 belonged. In 1898 Archibald Henderson was its president and E. K. Graham its secretary, and a few years later it merged into Phi Beta Kappa.
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The county is divided into five school townships, each with a five-man committee
When the county commissioners took over the schools, the county was regrouped into five school townships (Cedar Grove, Little River, Hillsboro, Bingham and Chapel Hill), each run by a committee of five in place of the many district committees.
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UNC gives Cornelia Phillips Spencer an honorary LL.D., its first honorary degree to a woman
The University of North Carolina awarded Spencer the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws in 1895, the first honorary degree it gave to a woman. She had moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, the year before to live with her daughter.
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The school board cuts its per-child apportionment and ties teacher pay to attendance
With little of the last tax levy collected, the board lowered its planned $1.35 a child to $1.25 for the county's 4,814 children, $6,017.50 in all, and barred the superintendent from signing pay orders for schools averaging under ten pupils.
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President Winston turns back a legislative effort to cut the university's funding
Two years after the move to confine the university to graduate study failed, church-college allies in the 1895 General Assembly tried to shrink its state appropriation; Winston rallied alumni legislators and prevailed after Populist leader Marion Butler came out for the university. Students met him at the west gate on his return and escorted his hired coach and four to a bonfire and celebration at Gerrard Hall.
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Julian S. Carr's new club house at Occoneechee Farm is shown to an excursion from Raleigh
Julian S. Carr hosted students of the A. and M. College and their friends at Occoneechee Farm with a barbecue. The visitors toured his new rustic club house, with its stone fireplace, pool table, piano and a clock that played "Carolina."
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Alumni pledge money for an Alumni Hall at the centennial banquet
At the banquet marking a hundred years since the university opened, alumni and classes pledged gifts toward an Alumni Hall, led by Julian S. Carr with $3,000 and Thomas M. Holt with $1,000. The building, modeled on the Boston Public Library, had its cornerstone laid in 1898.
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Stephen B. Weeks speaks on the university in the Civil War at its centennial
At the centennial anniversary exercises Weeks gave a long prepared address, 'The University of North Carolina in the Civil War,' after Alfred Moore Waddell, Henry A. London and Adolphus H. Eller had reviewed earlier periods of the university's history.
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Alfred Moore Waddell gives the oration at UNC's centennial celebration
Waddell, a Hillsborough native who studied at the university from 1850 to 1853, delivered the oration at the celebration of the University of North Carolina's centennial. It was printed in Wilmington that year as The Ante-Bellum University.
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The county board of equalization raises every Little River Township assessment by a third
The three county commissioners, joined by one assessor from each township, sat as the board of equalization, compared the standards each of them had applied, and increased every assessment in Little River Township by one-third.
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Albert Long, a Black man, joins the Hillsborough Presbyterian Church by letter from New Hope
Albert Long transferred his membership by certificate from New Hope Presbyterian Church, one of two Black members the book names as received after the Civil War.
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Anne Roulhac gives St. Matthew's an oak litany desk
Miss Anne Roulhac gave an oak litany desk in memory of her niece Katherine R. Hamilton.
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Allen J. Ruffin and James H. Webb Jr. found the Eno Cotton Mill
Ruffin and Webb, both of old Hillsborough families, founded the Eno Cotton Mill on the north bank of the Eno west of town, chartered by special act of the General Assembly in 1896. It was the first textile mill in Hillsborough and in present-day Orange County.
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Charles S. Mangum returns to Chapel Hill as professor of physiology
Charles Staples Mangum, a son of university professor A. W. Mangum, came back to Chapel Hill in 1896 as the university's professor of physiology, two years after finishing medical training at Jefferson Medical College. He later became professor of anatomy.
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Chemistry professor Charles Baskerville builds a Queen Anne house at 524 East Franklin Street
Charles Baskerville's house on East Franklin Street, going up in March 1896, hides two full stories behind a large polygonal entrance bay with a pyramid roof, trimmed with a turret, a balconied dormer and a gabled vent. Little calls it the most playful Queen Anne house in town. Baskerville bought the lot outright in 1905 and sold the house that year to chemist Charles Herty.
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Ebenezer Baptist Church is organized
Ebenezer Baptist Church was organized and built its first church in 1896, with Dalphus Crabtree as first pastor. A 300-seat building replaced it in 1952.
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Edwin Alderman serves as president of the university
Alderman was named president in 1896 and held the office until 1900, when he left to lead Tulane University. His inauguration, first set for University Day 1896, was put off into 1897 because of that year's heated political campaigns.
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Herbert Bingham becomes principal of the school on the Bingham grounds
Herbert Bingham, son of William Bingham, takes over as principal of the church-run school near Mebane in 1896, the fourth generation of the family to head a school in Orange County.
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Herbert Bingham dies months after taking charge of the school
Herbert Bingham dies in the fall of 1896, only months into his time as principal near Mebane. His sister later named a scholarship at the school in his memory.
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Hillsborough has its town pump water analyzed and the well cleaned
Chemist H. B. Battle tested the water of Hillsborough's town pump on Churton Street and found too much mineral matter. The well was then cleaned out and the trough, the likely cause of excess chlorine, taken away.
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John W. Canada starts the Canada School in Chapel Hill
Soon after graduating from the university in 1896, John W. Canada organized a private school in Chapel Hill that prepared students for college. He ran it with his brother Charles, Sallie Wilson and a Miss Hendon until he left for Texas soon after 1900.
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Joshua Gore's steam plant brings electricity to the campus and village
A steam engine near South Building drove a small dynamo and the pumps that filled the campus water tanks, and lines ran from it to university buildings and to shops, cafes and hotels in the village. Physics professor Joshua W. Gore planned the work; the library in Smith Hall got power late in 1896, and arc lights later went up along campus walks.
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Six students found the Order of the Gorgon's Head
Edward Kidder Graham, then a junior, was one of six founders of the Gorgon's Head, a secret society of upperclassmen and professional students meant to promote fellowship across the fraternity divide.
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T. M. Jordan & Co. moves its drugstore at Caldwell to a new stand
Thomas M. Jordan and his brother Dr. Archibald C. Jordan ran a store and pharmacy at Caldwell. In 1896 the firm moved its stock of drugs from the old stand, and Jordan told customers he had moved the drugstore to West Caldwell.
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The Canada School takes over Dr. Roberson's Patterson Hotel building
The Canada School had outgrown its rooms behind the post office, so in 1896 John W. Canada hired more teachers and moved into the Patterson Hotel building, which Dr. Abner Benton Roberson owned. The building's run as a hotel was short.
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Voters again elect Orange County's commissioners
From August 1878 the justices of the peace had chosen the county commissioners every two years under the 1877 act. In 1896 the choice went back to the voters.
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A $3,000 gift turns the old gymnasium into Commons Hall
The trustees thanked Mrs. Francis Baker of New York for $3,000 to enlarge the 1885 gymnasium so the university could serve students table board at low cost. Her son Harry Lake was a student, and the building became Commons Hall.
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The faculty sets study and conduct rules for athletes
After a disorderly fall term the faculty barred students neglecting their studies or on probation from the football and baseball teams, required parents' written consent, limited team absences to five days a year and made players pledge not to drink or gamble on trips.
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A new state act restores the Orange County Board of Education under C. P. Burch
After two years of the commissioners running the schools, a legislative act brought back the county board with C. P. Burch as chairman and Albert Holmes and James Monk as members. Capt. John P. Lockhart took Monk's seat when he resigned, and the board made John W. Thompson superintendent again.
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Clyde Eubanks buys Dr. Roberson's drugstore
When Dr. Roberson died, his druggist Clyde Eubanks bought the drugstore and kept it in the Central Hotel until 1901.
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Eno Cotton Mill begins production
Yarn production started late in the year.
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Eno Presbyterian builds at Cedar Grove
The replacement church was constructed over three years.
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Fred Smith organizes a Knights of Pythias lodge in Chapel Hill
Captain Fred Smith, the branch-line train conductor, organized a lodge of the Knights of Pythias in Chapel Hill in 1897 while keeping his membership in the Goldsboro lodge he had joined about 1887. The order's rites were read at his grave in 1939.
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Horace Williams buys the house at 610 East Rosemary Street
Williams bought the 1854 house built by the university chemistry professor Benjamin Hedrick and owned it until he died. Preservation Chapel Hill now has its offices there and opens the house to the public.
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Joseph Hyde Pratt comes to North Carolina and settles in Chapel Hill
Pratt came to North Carolina in 1897 as state mineralogist and made his home in Chapel Hill for the rest of his life. He also lectured in mineralogy at the university.
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President Edwin Alderman gives South Building a stone doorway copied from Westover
During his presidency Edwin Alderman added a carved stone pedimented doorway to South Building, modeled on the one at Westover, the colonial James River mansion in Virginia. With the new well temple, it was an early step toward the Colonial Revival that later ruled campus building.
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Preston Lewis Gray takes charge as church control of the Mebane school ends
In 1897 the church gives up its name and control of the school near Mebane, and Preston Lewis Gray, a Virginia lawyer married to William Bingham's daughter, becomes principal of what is again called the Bingham School. He was still running it on the old grounds in 1905.
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Ralph H. Graves serves as University Librarian
After graduating from the university in 1897, Ralph H. Graves served as University Librarian at Chapel Hill until he left for New York in 1899. He took his master's degree there in 1898.
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Samuel Paxson Watters serves nearly fifteen years as rector of St. Matthew's
Samuel Paxson Watters led the parish from 1897 until he resigned in October 1911. His wife, an invalid through most of those years, was counted among the most useful women in the diocese.
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The Junior Order of United American Mechanics sets up a lodge in Hillsborough
A lodge of the Junior Order of United American Mechanics was set up in Hillsborough. It later moved to Carrboro and then to Chapel Hill, where it operated as Davie Council No. 52.
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The Old Well rotunda is built
University president Edwin Alderman had the well's wooden cover replaced in 1897 with a rotunda of eight fluted Doric columns under a dome, modeled on the Temple of Love at Versailles and designed by registrar Eugene Lewis Harris.
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The University Magazine is revived
The student literary magazine, suspended under President Winston, resumed in 1897 with S. S. Lamb as editor in chief, supported by the university and the two literary societies.
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The university Dramatic Club takes its plays on tour
Directed by Professor Samuel May, the club staged London Assurance in Chapel Hill, Tarboro, Wilson and Wilmington and Modern Ananias in Chapel Hill, Winston-Salem, Greensboro and Reidsville.
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The university begins intercollegiate debates with the University of Georgia
Debates with Georgia began about 1897 and were later joined by Vanderbilt and Johns Hopkins. On March 17, 1899, at Athens, E. D. Broadhurst and T. C. Bowie won the third annual Georgia debate, and through 1902 the university won seven of ten contests.
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W. W. Pickard opens a livery stable at Franklin and Pine streets
Hotel man W. W. Pickard opened a livery stable on the northwest corner of Franklin and Pine streets. William J. 'Tank' Hunter bought it in 1910.
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Work begins on the foundation of the Alumni Building
With about $7,000 of the alumni's $20,000 in pledges in hand, the trustees started the foundation and basement of a building for the president's, registrar's and bursar's offices and the physics and electrical engineering departments. Charlotte architect Frank Pierce Milburn drew the design, the first on campus planned for steam heat and electric lights.
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Edwin Alderman is inaugurated as president in Gerrard Hall
About a hundred legislators and Governor Daniel L. Russell rode a special train from Raleigh through sleet for the ceremony, where Kemp P. Battle presented Alderman and the new president spoke for an hour and a half on the university as the people's school. The lawmakers were made honorary members of the Di and Phi societies and met with school superintendents who had come to honor one of their own.
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UNC sets up a chair of pharmacy under Edward V. Howell
In March 1897 the trustees set up a chair of pharmacy and elected Edward Vernon Howell, beginning the department that became the School of Pharmacy. An earlier College of Pharmacy under Dr. T. W. Harris, begun in 1880, had been short-lived. In 1953 the school's dean was E. A. Brecht.
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The Glee Club first sings the song that became Hark the Sound
William Starr Myers's verses, set to the campus tune "Amici" and first called "Hail to the Brightest Star," were sung by the Glee Club at a commencement concert. Printed in the 1907 Yackety Yack, the song became the university's anthem.
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The class of 1897 gives the university a bust of Robert E. Lee
On Class Day the seniors presented a bust of Lee, which President Alderman accepted with a speech of praise, and the band afterward played Dixie.
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The late William H. Jordan's home place in Cedar Grove Township is put up at auction
Under a court decree, Jennie Jordan McDade, executrix of William H. Jordan, offered his 260-acre home place at the courthouse door in Hillsborough to pay the estate's debts, subject to the life estate of his widow, Mary F. Jordan.
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Women enroll at UNC for the first time
After the trustees opened UNC's post-graduate courses to women early in 1897, four women registered in September for the 1897–98 session, which The Tar Heel called the start of coeducation: Dixie Lee Bryant, Sallie Walker Stockard, Cecye Dodd and Mary MacRae. President Edwin Alderman let women enter junior and senior classes as well.
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The university holds a memorial service for David Gaston Worth
Five days after Worth died, the university held a memorial service for him in Gerrard Hall, with a prayer by the Rev. N. H. D. Wilson and talks by Dr. John Manning, Kemp P. Battle and President Edwin A. Alderman, who said a tablet in Memorial Hall would bear his name.
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The school board tells township committees to build frame schoolhouses and stop patching log ones
The board urged every township committee to provide more comfortable frame schoolhouses and to spend nothing more repairing old log walls.
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A new mill house on Center Street becomes the community's first school
The Alberta Cotton Mill built the house at 109 Center Street about 1898, apparently the first on that side of the street, and it was soon put to use as the village school. It went back to being a house when the Carrboro Public School opened on West Main Street about 1908.
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Acting president Joshua Gore demonstrates an X-ray machine at the university
While Alderman was abroad from February to May 1898, physics professor Joshua W. Gore ran the university and set up an X-ray apparatus in his laboratory. A Raleigh doctor brought over a patient to look for a shawl pin thought to be in her throat, which Gore could not find.
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Carpenter Thomas Clark moves to West End at Brodie Lloyd's request
Thomas Clark, the earliest carpenter known to have worked in Carrboro, came in from the Cane Creek section of Orange County while the Alberta Cotton Mill was going up, at Brodie Lloyd's urging. He built rental houses for Lloyd, among them 101, 103 and 109 Shelton Street and 205 Weaver Street, and helped Bennie Ray build his two-story house at 301 Weaver Street.
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Chapel Hill's Congregational church sells its building and leaves the village
The Congregational church, which Wilson Caldwell had joined and where Battle gave Caldwell's eulogy in July 1898 at the pastor's request, sold its church building and schoolhouse and left Chapel Hill soon after Caldwell's death.
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Chesley Foster Andrews builds a frame farmhouse near Union Grove
In 1898 Chesley Foster Andrews (1862-1944) built a frame farmhouse at 8306 Union Grove Church Road, beside a log house first owned by the Lloyds. It was redone as a bungalow in the 1920s; a tenant house and a frame and stone barn belong to the farm.
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Cotton Chapel CME Church, the forerunner of St. Joseph CME, was organized
Chapel Hill members of the Colored Methodist Episcopal church, who had worshipped at Hamlet Chapel in Pittsboro, formed their own congregation named for founder Henry Cotton. Its first building later burned and was rebuilt as a frame church.
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Ernest Graves plays fullback on the undefeated 1898 Carolina football team
Graves, a Chapel Hill native, played fullback for the university and was a member of its undefeated, untied team of 1898. He scored 131 points in his Carolina football career.
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Herbert Lloyd takes over his brother's cotton gin and grist mill
As Thomas F. Lloyd turned to building the Alberta Cotton Mill, his brother Herbert took charge of the steam gin and grist mill by the tracks, the frame buildings that had started the settlement in the early 1880s.
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J. T. 'Bull' Durham opens a general store at Franklin and Columbia streets
Durham opened a general store in the building on the southeast corner of Franklin and Columbia streets where S. W. Andrews had kept a Farmers' Alliance meat market. By 1912 he also ran a jitney service.
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M. C. S. Noble joins the university as professor of pedagogy
Marcus Cicero Stephens Noble, superintendent of the Wilmington schools, was invited to return to the University of North Carolina in 1898 as professor of pedagogy. He also directed the university's summer school.
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Masons lay the cornerstone of the Alumni Building
Chapel Hill's University Lodge No. 408 took part in the Masonic laying of the cornerstone for the university's Alumni Building.
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The Kirkland-Miller farmstead is built near Caldwell
The Kirkland-Miller farm on NC 57 near Caldwell dates to about 1898 and keeps a group of outbuildings the survey thought worth noting. It is on the Study List.
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Thomas F. Lloyd builds the Alberta Cotton Mill
Lloyd built the Alberta Cotton Mill beside the railroad in West End in 1898 and 1899, the brick mill that later became Durham Hosiery Mill No. 4 and then Carr Mill Mall.
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The Order of Gimghouls builds its first lodge on Rosemary Lane
The Gimghouls, a junior-class order at the university, were building their own lodge in the spring of 1898 on a lot at Rosemary Lane and Boundary Street. By late 1899 the order was holding dances in the new lodge.
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University students in the National Guard await orders as war with Spain begins
When the United States went to war with Spain, about thirty university men who belonged to the National Guard waited for active duty orders, and freshman Joseph Monroe Morris left for Durham to enlist in the Durham Light Infantry.
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Sallie Walker Stockard becomes UNC's first woman graduate
Sallie Walker Stockard, a Guilford College graduate, entered UNC's senior class in the fall of 1897, the first year the university admitted women. She became the first woman to graduate from UNC when the class of 1898 received its degrees on June 1, 1898, and she earned a master's degree there in 1900.
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Edward Kidder Graham wins the Mangum Medal
Added to the commencement orators after Horace Williams showed Alderman one of his papers, Graham won the top senior speaking prize with an address on "the economic man" that foresaw business coming to rule Southern life. He reworked the theme over the next decade into his argument for the university's service to the state.
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Wilson Caldwell dies and is buried in the Chapel Hill town cemetery
Wilson Caldwell, head of the university's campus workforce, died on July 8, 1898 and was buried the next day in the Chapel Hill town cemetery, now the Old Chapel Hill Cemetery; Kemp Battle gave the funeral address.
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Manly McCauley and Maggie Brewer leave the Brewer farm west of Chapel Hill
On a Wednesday afternoon Maggie Brewer, wife of the farmer Milton Brewer, left the family farm four miles west of Chapel Hill with Manly McCauley, an eighteen-year-old Black farmhand who had worked there about a year. A posse of eighteen men led by her husband set out after them on Friday and overtook the pair beyond Jonesboro.
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Manly McCauley is lynched near Carrboro
Manly McCauley, an 18-year-old Black farmhand, left Milton Brewer's farm west of Chapel Hill with Brewer's wife on October 26, 1898. A posse caught them beyond Jonesboro, and on the way back masked men took McCauley from the officer holding him and hanged him. His body was found on November 6, about three miles west of Chapel Hill.
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Manly McCauley's body is found hanging from a tree three miles west of Chapel Hill
A farmer, Thomas Myrick, found McCauley's body hanging from a bent dogwood beside the public road some three miles west of Chapel Hill, a week after masked men had taken him from the officer bringing him back. Coroner Jordan was telegraphed to hold an inquest.
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W. A. Guthrie urges Chapel Hill voters to the polls for the white supremacy ticket the day after McCauley's body is found
With McCauley's body found the previous afternoon, Major W. A. Guthrie spoke at Chapel Hill on election eve, appealing to white voters to cast their ballots for the party of white supremacy; A. L. Brooks, the Democratic candidate for solicitor, followed him. The state election was held the next day.
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Jesse King, the officer who held McCauley, is tried and acquitted at Hillsborough
King, returning alone to Chapel Hill with his prisoner, was met by masked men who overpowered him and hanged McCauley from a dogwood. Tried at Hillsboro for permitting the prisoner to be taken from him by the mob, he was acquitted; the News and Observer used the trial to confirm that the lynching had in fact happened.
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Edward Kidder Graham returns to Chapel Hill to manage the library
After a year teaching at a Charlotte private school, Graham came back at Alderman's request to run the university library, and before the year was out Alderman made him an instructor in English at $700 a year.
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Hoot Patterson's house is the first in Chapel Hill with indoor plumbing
Bryant lists merchant Henry H. "Hoot" Patterson's home as the first in Chapel Hill to have indoor plumbing, one of several local firsts of these years, along with Eben Alexander's telephone and Edward Vernon Howell's automobile.
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James Sprunt endows a fund for historical monographs at UNC
By the fall of 1899 James Sprunt had set up a fund at the university for publishing yearly historical monographs, known after 1910 as the James Sprunt Historical Publications. The first monograph appeared in June 1900.
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Julian S. Carr gives money to finish the Carr Building dormitory
Carr, born in Chapel Hill, gave $3,000 in 1899 to finish the dormitory named for him. In 1900 Winston praised it as a gift from a son of the village whose family name had once hung over a small store there.
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R. D. W. Connor graduates from the university and edits its student publications
Connor took his Ph.B. at Chapel Hill in 1899, the year he served as editor-in-chief of all three student publications.
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Robert Worth Bingham endows a debate prize at the university
Robert Worth Bingham, a UNC alumnus practicing law in Louisville, endowed the university's Robert Worth Bingham prize in debate.
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The 1899 school report shows two and a half times as much spent on white schools as Black
Supervisor John Thompson's report for 1899 counted 50 white and 25 Black schools and $4,391.51 spent on white schools against $1,688.09 on Black schools. Almost half the schoolhouses of each race were still log.
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The Bank of Chapel Hill is established
Founded in 1899 with $10,000 authorized and $2,500 paid in, it was the county's first bank after the Civil War. Julian S. Carr was its first president, and by 1953 it held $8,500,000 in assets.
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The legislature funds university waterworks on Bowlin's Creek
The General Assembly of 1899 gave $7,500 for university waterworks, with steam pumps on Bowlin's Creek about a mile and a half from the campus filling a tall tank that fed the buildings by gravity. The supply still fell short.
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The university lays off a new athletic field with a grandstand
President Venable's report of February 1902 lists a new athletic field with a stand among the improvements of the previous three years.
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The university starts a course in dyeing and bleaching
A course in dyeing and bleaching was added to chemistry, with Thomas Clarke, who had studied the subject for two years in Germany, running the laboratory and Francis P. Venable giving the lectures.
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Thomas F. Lloyd builds twelve houses for Alberta Cotton Mill workers
On the mill tract east and northeast of the new Alberta Cotton Mill, Lloyd put up a dozen one-story frame houses for his hands. A house of the same period built for Alberta workers still stands at 105 Short Street.
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The General Assembly incorporates the Caldwell Institute in Orange County
Among the private schools chartered by the 1899 legislature was the Caldwell Institute at Caldwell. A bill to incorporate it had been introduced in 1891.
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A legislature-appointed Board of School Directors takes over the Orange County schools
An 1899 act abolished the county Board of Education, which met for the last time on March 7, and put in its place a Board of School Directors named by the legislature. The Orange directors organized in April.
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Orange County adopts an American Book Company contract for school textbooks
The county commissioners, with the directors' consent, accepted the American Book Company's offer to supply textbooks and take old books in exchange, adopting a list headed by McGuffey's Eclectic Primer at ten cents.
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The class of 1899 gives a bronze bust of Zebulon Vance and plants ivy from Lee's tomb
On Class Day the seniors, led by Julian S. Carr Jr., presented a bronze bust of Vance, and that afternoon planted on the South Building a sprig of ivy from Robert E. Lee's mausoleum.
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Charles E. Maddry begins teaching Strains School near his boyhood home
Maddry, who had been a pupil there, took charge of the one-room Strains School below Nunn's Mountain northwest of Chapel Hill with sixty pupils aged five to twenty-one. Two years later he became county superintendent.
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The school board names committees for every district school, township by township
The July 1899 appointments list about 55 district schools in five townships, among them schools marked as Black at Payne's Chapel, North Side and Hillsboro, and white schools at Breeze, Efland, Rail Road and Flat Rock.
Early twentieth century · 1900–1944
- 1900s
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A Black congregation builds Neville's Chapel outside Chapel Hill
An African American congregation outside Chapel Hill built the small frame sanctuary now called Neville's Chapel (United Church of Christ) in the early twentieth century. A cornerstone on the site names an earlier Strowd Grace Church and its pastor, H. B. Baldwin.
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A frame depot replaces the box car that had served West End as a station
From 1882 a box car had been the passenger depot at West End. In 1900 a one-story frame depot was built a few yards north of the later station; after the 1913 station opened it became a freight shed, and a new freight house had replaced it by 1925.
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A log house near Caldwell is enlarged into the Annie Parrish House
Around 1900 a one-room log house near Caldwell, built some fifty years earlier, was wrapped into a new story-and-a-half frame house with a center gable. The form uses the Annie Parrish House to show how early log houses survive inside later ones.
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A one-room school for Black children is built at Hickory Grove
Hickory Grove, near White Cross, gets a one-room front-gable schoolhouse for African American children early in the twentieth century.
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Adam A. Kluttz buys the lot west of his store and moves its houses back to Rosemary Street
Kluttz bought the property just west of his East Franklin Street store and had its two old houses moved to the rear of the lot, turned to face Rosemary Street, where they stood until 1963. He is said to have built a second store beside the first, run as a haberdashery.
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Arch Cates's I-house goes up on what became Arthur Minnis Road
The two-story frame I-house at the Cates-Dodson-Minnis Farm was first owned by Arch Cates. It later passed to Albert Dodson and then to Albert and Lois Dodson Minnis, and was remodeled in the 1940s.
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Blackwood Station grows into a small railroad settlement
In the early twentieth century a cluster formed where Mount Sinai Road meets NC 86, with a store, a building remembered as store and post office, and two bungalows. The Blackwoods are said to have kept a post office and store on their farm nearby once the railroad arrived.
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Brodie Lloyd builds a row of rental houses on Weaver Street for Alberta mill workers
The one-story house with a triple-A roof at 302 Weaver Street and nearly identical houses at 300, 304 and 306 Weaver were built by Brodie Lloyd to rent, directly or through the mill, to workers at his cousin Thomas F. Lloyd's Alberta Cotton Mill. By 1983 only 302 stood on its lot; 300 had been moved and the others were gone.
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Charles Baskerville heads UNC's chemistry department
When Francis P. Venable became university president in 1900, Baskerville succeeded him as chairman of the chemistry department, Smith Professor and director of the chemical laboratory, posts he held until 1904.
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Damascus Christian Church builds a Gothic Revival frame church
Damascus Congregational Christian Church southwest of Chapel Hill builds a frame church with Gothic Revival details around 1900; its cemetery lies beside it.
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Eben Alexander becomes the university's first dean of the faculty
Back from diplomatic service in Greece, Eben Alexander was named the first dean of the faculty under President Francis P. Venable in 1900, heading the College of Liberal Arts and graduate studies and supervising the library until poor health forced a leave in 1909.
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Ernest Graves captains the Carolina baseball team
Graves, the team's catcher, captained the university baseball team in 1900, the year he graduated.
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Four mill houses go up on Shelton Street for Bill Lloyd
Bill Lloyd, a cousin of Alberta Cotton Mill owner Thomas F. Lloyd, had four identical one-story houses built to rent to the mill's workers. Each had two front doors so family members on different shifts could come and go; carpenter Thomas Clark, brought from Cane Creek by the Lloyds, built number 107.
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Francis P. Venable serves as president of the university
Elected president in 1900, Venable enlarged the student body, faculty and campus and built an administration for a growing institution. He asked for leave in 1913 and resigned in 1914, returning to teaching and research.
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Fraternity members make up about 18 percent of UNC students
In 1900 the university counted 93 fraternity men against 419 non-members, yet the fraternities ran much of student life, including the athletic association that published the Tar Heel.
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Julian S. Carr gives the university the Carr Building
At the 1900 commencement the trustees accepted the Carr Building, a three-story dormitory that Julian S. Carr paid for at a cost of $18,000. It was designed by Pearson and Ashe and housed seventy-four students.
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Lloyd and Neville's cotton gin operates on Laurel Street
The gin occupied the lot at 108 Laurel Street from the first years of the century into the 1930s. When it was dismantled its materials are said to have gone into houses, perhaps the two porcelain-enamel-tile houses at 108 and 110 Laurel Street.
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Mill owner Isaac W. Pritchard builds a large frame house on Ransom Street
Isaac Pritchard, who ran one of the first textile mills near the Carrboro depot, built a spacious house at 400 Ransom Street combining a hipped roof and Palladian dormer with a Queen Anne entrance and wraparound porch. Most of his land later became part of the Westwood subdivision.
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Mount Hermon, Bethel and Crossroads Baptist congregations build new churches
With farm prices rising after 1900, three established rural Baptist congregations each replaced their meeting houses with new buildings in the first decade of the century.
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Orange County replaces log schoolhouses and opens forty rural libraries
Between 1900 and 1910 the county went from no rural libraries to forty. Log schoolhouses for white children fell from twenty-two to none, while those for Black children fell only from twenty to eight. School terms grew from seventy to eighty-nine days for white pupils and from sixty-five to eighty-two for Black pupils.
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Pender Store is moved across the road at Cedar Grove
In 1900 the Pender Store building was moved to the other side of the road, where it still stands.
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Southern Railway begins buying cross ties from farmers at the Carrboro depot
In the 1900s the Southern Railway began buying hand-hewn oak cross ties at the depot, where its agent graded them and paid the farmers who hauled them in from Orange and nearby counties. By the early 1920s Carrboro was among the largest tie markets in the East, and tie wagons crowded its streets into the early 1930s.
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St. Matthew's receives a brass alms basin in memory of Rev. Joseph W. Murphy
Dr. Samuel W. Murphy and Mrs. Walter E. Stumph, the former rector's brother and daughter, gave a brass alms basin in his memory.
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The Blackwood family settles the farm that becomes the Blackwood Brothers Dairy
From the early twentieth century the Blackwoods held a farm on Mount Carmel Church Road with a story-and-a-half house and a complete set of log and frame farm and dairy buildings.
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The Bradsher House is built in northwest Orange County
The one-story Bradsher House, a plain cottage given a shingled center gable and factory-made porch trim, dates from about 1900.
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The Carr Store is built on NC 49
A store is built at Carr on NC 49 early in the twentieth century; it was later enlarged and altered. Carr Store Road takes its name from the crossroads.
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The Foxes Knob schoolhouse is enlarged and becomes a house
Soon after 1900 the one-room log Foxes Knob School near Mebane is enlarged; after its school years it served as a residence.
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The George Washington Walker Farm is laid out on St. Mary's Road
A farm of nearly 75 acres was set up on both sides of St. Mary's Road around 1900, with a one-story house and frame barns that still stand. Its later buildings follow the county's shifts from grain to dairy, poultry and beef.
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The Hillsboro Milling Company is chartered
The state chartered the Hillsboro Milling Company with $10,000 in capital stock. By early 1901 it had put in a corn mill and was buying wheat, with H. Winder Webb as secretary and treasurer, and it later ran roller mills in a large brick building east of the courthouse.
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The Lloyd-Webb Building goes up on the south side of East Franklin Street
This row of two-story brick shops at 138-142 East Franklin Street, with stepped brick cornices and two-over-two windows upstairs, dates from about 1900. The store at 144 next door was built to the same pattern.
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The Morrow-Neville House is built on Mallette Street
The two-story hip-roofed house at 118 Mallette Street, with a small rear ell and a square-columned porch that are probably original, dates from about 1900.
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The Sparrow family builds a two-story farmhouse on Old Lystra Road
Around 1900 a frame I-house was built on the Sparrow farm, reportedly around a smaller house from before the Civil War. The family had held the place from the start.
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The Texas community builds Jeffries Cross Church and Martin's Chapel Baptist Church
Around the turn of the twentieth century the community built two churches on land given by Joe and Levi Jeffries and by Sam Martin, in place of the circuit riding preachers who had served the settlement before. Social life in the community turned on its churches and its school.
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The Thomas Laws House is built in the Little River community
A two-story T-shaped farmhouse with a wraparound porch was built for the Laws family in the Little River community around the turn of the century.
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The Walter Hawkins farmstead with its tobacco barns takes shape near Caldwell
The Walter Hawkins farm near Caldwell is laid out around 1900 and keeps several tobacco barns the survey singled out. It is on the Study List.
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The Warriole-Tilley House is built on Mallette Street
The one-story frame house at 113 Mallette Street, with a center front gable, a tall hip-roofed rear ell and a bracketed porch that looks original, dates from about 1900.
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The William Woods McDade House is built in the Cedar Grove area
Around 1900 a story-and-a-half house with a decorated center gable, a cutaway bay and a wraparound porch with turned posts was built near Cedar Grove. The county survey knows it as the William Woods McDade House, though William Woods McDade himself died in 1862; the 1993 survey form dates it about 1890.
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Tobacco farmer Ira Rogers builds tenant housing in upper Orange County
In the early 1900s Ira Rogers built many frame and log houses for the tenants who worked his tobacco land. One that survives has two stories, a chimney in the middle and two front doors, which suggests it housed two families.
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William Cole builds a house near Chapel Hill as a wedding present for his daughter
In 1900 William Cole gave his daughter a new one-story house near Chapel Hill, covered in patterned shingles and trimmed with turned porch work. Mattson calls it the showiest house of its kind in the county.
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William Edgar Shambley builds a log house near his grandfather's
About 1900 William Edgar Shambley, grandson of William Shambley, built a one-room log house of the usual local type at Cornwallis and Mount Hermon Church roads, a sign that log building went on into the new century.
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A state Supreme Court ruling unseats a legislature-named school director in Orange
Following a North Carolina Supreme Court decision on the 1899 school act, the county board reorganized: director Stephen Forrest lost his seat and A. R. Holmes of the old Board of Education returned to finish a term running to July 1900.
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The school board rules the Cannadas' Chapel Hill school is not a public school
The Chapel Hill district had contracted J. W. and C. S. Cannada to teach all its school-age children, but the teachers had not met the school law. The board declared the school was not a public school and withheld pay until they complied.
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President Alderman resigns to head Tulane University
Offered the Tulane presidency in April 1900 at more than twice his Chapel Hill pay, Alderman resigned in May despite the trustees' pleas. The book suggests thin state funding after the 1898 campaign, when Democrats promised the church colleges not to seek more for the university, weighed on his decision.
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The university opens its first summer term of regular courses
For the first time the university offered a twelve-week summer term of regular courses that counted toward a degree, opening on June 12, 1900, alongside the four-week Summer School for Teachers. Tuition was twenty dollars.
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Commencement marks twenty-five years since the university reopened
The 1900 commencement was given over to the reopening of 1875, with nineteen members of the 1875-76 student body present and addresses by Kemp Battle, George T. Winston, W. J. Peele and President Alderman.
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Hillsboro Township petitions for and votes a special road tax
A petition presented on October 1, 1900 led to an election that carried, and the commissioners levied 10 cents per $100 and 30 cents a poll for Hillsboro Township roads. Bingham followed, and by 1903 all seven townships taxed themselves for roads.
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Thomas Wolfe, who came to Chapel Hill as a student in 1916, was born
Thomas Wolfe was born in Asheville and entered UNC in 1916.
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Hillsboro's commissioners refuse to deed the old Female Academy to the town school
The board had asked the town to deed the old Hillsboro Female Academy lot, near E. A. Rosemond's house, to the school committee. The town offered only a ten-year lease, which the board said the law did not allow it to accept, and it told the committee to find another site.
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Hillsborough Baptist Church ordains Robert P. Walker
The church ordained one of its own, Robert P. Walker, to the Baptist ministry, the first of the ordinations the book lists for the congregation.
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Chapel Hill gets its first long-distance telephone
Through the efforts of Professor Joshua W. Gore, the first long-distance telephone line was set up at the university during the 1900-01 session, connecting by way of Durham.
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Charles E. Maddry serves as superintendent of the Orange County schools
While a student at the University of North Carolina, Charles Edward Maddry served as superintendent of the Orange County schools.
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Clyde Eubanks moves his drugstore into a building of his own
Eubanks left the Central Hotel and set up his drugstore in a new building he had put up on the west corner of the Tankersley property on Franklin Street.
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Eben Alexander has the first telephone in Chapel Hill
Bryant lists Professor Eben Alexander, who lived in the old Tom Taylor house on East Franklin Street, as the first in town to have a telephone; in 1901 his number was 1.
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Fairfield Presbyterian Church is remodeled with pointed Gothic windows
The one-story frame church near Cedar Grove, built about 1834, kept its gable-front shape but got pointed-arch windows and doorway in a 1901 renovation.
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Gerrard Hall is renovated and its south portico torn down
Gerrard Hall got a new roof and interior: chairs replaced the pews, the old doors were walled up and two new doors opened on the east. The decaying south porch and its columns were pulled down.
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Harriet Berry works for the state Geological and Economic Survey in Chapel Hill
Berry began work in Chapel Hill with the North Carolina Geological and Economic Survey in 1901 and rose from stenographer to secretary and, in 1917, acting head. She left in 1921, the year her Good Roads lobbying produced the state highway commission law.
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Isaac Hall Manning joins the UNC medical faculty
Manning came to the School of Medicine in 1901 as professor of physiology and began teaching bacteriology in 1902.
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John W. Canada's school closes and its building becomes a rooming house
The John W. Canada School closed, and the old building on the southwest corner of Franklin and Columbia streets where it had met became a rooming house. The brick building beside it was used as a Masonic hall.
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Josephus Daniels serves on the University of North Carolina board of trustees
Daniels became a member of the university board of trustees in 1901 and remained an active trustee until his death in 1948. During the 1920s he pressed for consolidating the state colleges at Chapel Hill, Raleigh and Greensboro into one university, and in 1930 he championed Frank P. Graham to succeed Harry Woodburn Chase as president.
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Lincoln Hospital opens in Durham for Black patients
Dr. Aaron Moore and John Merrick won Duke family funding for a separate hospital where Black physicians and nurses treated Black patients, after Watts Hospital had excluded them. It opened in 1901 as a 50-bed frame building.
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Segregation and access to medical care
Black patients in the county went to Durham’s Lincoln Hospital from 1901, well-baby clinics were held separately in the 1940s, and the new hospitals of the 1950s opened with separate wards. UNC admitted its first Black medical student in 1951, the NAACP picketed Memorial Hospital in 1963, and the hospital ended racial segregation in 1965.
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The Alumni Building is finished
The Alumni Building was completed in 1901 with fourteen lecture rooms and the university's administrative offices. Venable put its cost at $36,000.
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The Mary Ann Smith Dormitory is completed
The Mary Ann Smith Dormitory was finished in 1901, adding thirty-eight student rooms. Venable later gave its cost as $16,000.
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The Yackety Yack replaces the fraternity-sponsored Hellenian as UNC's yearbook
The Hellenian, the yearbook put out by the fraternities, gave way in 1901 to the Yackety Yack.
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The pharmacy department is made part of the university
The department of pharmacy, run by Dean Edward V. Howell, was formally incorporated into the university in 1901. Its laboratory and lecture space was then doubled.
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The university completes its water works, sewerage and central heating plant
During 1900-01 the university finished its water works and sewer system, installed a forced-circulation hot-water heating plant, and built a boiler house, workshop and printing office. Two new dynamos doubled its electric lighting.
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Compiled and maintained by the Friends of the Orange County Public Library from county records, the sources named on each card, and the index’s event pages. Last updated October 2, 2026.
