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Early twentieth century · 1900–1944
- 1900s
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Eben Alexander becomes the university's first dean of the faculty
Back from diplomatic service in Greece, Eben Alexander was named the first dean of the faculty under President Francis P. Venable in 1900, heading the College of Liberal Arts and graduate studies and supervising the library until poor health forced a leave in 1909.
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Ernest Graves captains the Carolina baseball team
Graves, the team's catcher, captained the university baseball team in 1900, the year he graduated.
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Francis P. Venable serves as president of the university
Elected president in 1900, Venable enlarged the student body, faculty and campus and built an administration for a growing institution. He asked for leave in 1913 and resigned in 1914, returning to teaching and research.
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Fraternity members make up about 18 percent of UNC students
In 1900 the university counted 93 fraternity men against 419 non-members, yet the fraternities ran much of student life, including the athletic association that published the Tar Heel.
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Julian S. Carr gives the university the Carr Building
At the 1900 commencement the trustees accepted the Carr Building, a three-story dormitory that Julian S. Carr paid for at a cost of $18,000. It was designed by Pearson and Ashe and housed seventy-four students.
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President Alderman resigns to head Tulane University
Offered the Tulane presidency in April 1900 at more than twice his Chapel Hill pay, Alderman resigned in May despite the trustees' pleas. The book suggests thin state funding after the 1898 campaign, when Democrats promised the church colleges not to seek more for the university, weighed on his decision.
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The university opens its first summer term of regular courses
For the first time the university offered a twelve-week summer term of regular courses that counted toward a degree, opening on June 12, 1900, alongside the four-week Summer School for Teachers. Tuition was twenty dollars.
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Commencement marks twenty-five years since the university reopened
The 1900 commencement was given over to the reopening of 1875, with nineteen members of the 1875-76 student body present and addresses by Kemp Battle, George T. Winston, W. J. Peele and President Alderman.
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Thomas Wolfe, who came to Chapel Hill as a student in 1916, was born
Thomas Wolfe was born in Asheville and entered UNC in 1916.
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Chapel Hill gets its first long-distance telephone
Through the efforts of Professor Joshua W. Gore, the first long-distance telephone line was set up at the university during the 1900-01 session, connecting by way of Durham.
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Isaac Hall Manning joins the UNC medical faculty
Manning came to the School of Medicine in 1901 as professor of physiology and began teaching bacteriology in 1902.
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Josephus Daniels serves on the University of North Carolina board of trustees
Daniels became a member of the university board of trustees in 1901 and remained an active trustee until his death in 1948. During the 1920s he pressed for consolidating the state colleges at Chapel Hill, Raleigh and Greensboro into one university, and in 1930 he championed Frank P. Graham to succeed Harry Woodburn Chase as president.
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Lincoln Hospital opens in Durham for Black patients
Dr. Aaron Moore and John Merrick won Duke family funding for a separate hospital where Black physicians and nurses treated Black patients, after Watts Hospital had excluded them. It opened in 1901 as a 50-bed frame building.
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Segregation and access to medical care
Black patients in the county went to Durham’s Lincoln Hospital from 1901, well-baby clinics were held separately in the 1940s, and the new hospitals of the 1950s opened with separate wards. UNC admitted its first Black medical student in 1951, the NAACP picketed Memorial Hospital in 1963, and the hospital ended racial segregation in 1965.
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The Alumni Building is finished
The Alumni Building was completed in 1901 with fourteen lecture rooms and the university's administrative offices. Venable put its cost at $36,000.
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The Mary Ann Smith Dormitory is completed
The Mary Ann Smith Dormitory was finished in 1901, adding thirty-eight student rooms. Venable later gave its cost as $16,000.
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The Yackety Yack replaces the fraternity-sponsored Hellenian as UNC's yearbook
The Hellenian, the yearbook put out by the fraternities, gave way in 1901 to the Yackety Yack.
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The pharmacy department is made part of the university
The department of pharmacy, run by Dean Edward V. Howell, was formally incorporated into the university in 1901. Its laboratory and lecture space was then doubled.
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The university completes its water works, sewerage and central heating plant
During 1900-01 the university finished its water works and sewer system, installed a forced-circulation hot-water heating plant, and built a boiler house, workshop and printing office. Two new dynamos doubled its electric lighting.
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The university track team wins the Southern championship at New Orleans
Running on a cinder track given by student Henry S. Lake, a university track team competed at New Orleans against Vanderbilt, Tulane and Texas and won the Southern championship.
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Archibald Henderson receives the first Ph.D. in mathematics from UNC
Archibald Henderson, who had graduated from UNC in 1898, received the university's first doctorate in mathematics at the June 1901 commencement. He stayed on the Chapel Hill faculty until 1948.
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The university offers the clinical years of medicine in Raleigh
From 1902 to 1910 the university tried offering the two clinical years and an M.D. degree, but those courses were taught in Raleigh rather than Chapel Hill. Otherwise it gave only the first two years of medicine until 1952.
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The university withdraws from the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association
After two years as a member, the university left the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association in 1902. Its schools lay in Tennessee, South Carolina and farther south, out of touch with Chapel Hill.
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A northeast windstorm tears two limbs from the Davie Poplar
A fierce wind from the northeast on August 6, 1902, destroyed many old trees on the campus and tore two large limbs from the Davie Poplar. The tree later put out new growth.
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Charles Baskerville announces two new elements, carolinium and berzelium
Baskerville's research at the university on thorium and other rare earths led him in 1903 to announce two previously unknown elements, which he named carolinium and berzelium.
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Charles T. Woollen becomes the first director of the university band
Charles T. Woollen, a university administrator, became the first director of the university band in 1903 and led it until 1919. The band first performed at a university baseball game in 1904 and was giving concerts on the Alumni Building steps by 1906.
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George Howe is elected professor of Latin at the university
The trustees elected George Howe, who held a Ph.D., professor of Latin for 1903-04 in place of Dr. H. F. Linscott, who had died in December. Howe kept the chair until 1936.
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John Sprunt Hill endows a fellowship in history
In his 1903 alumni address John Sprunt Hill gave the interest on $4,000 to set up a fellowship in the department of history. The first year's interest was to go toward a YMCA building.
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William C. Coker begins turning a boggy pasture into the campus arboretum
UNC's first professor of botany began developing a five-acre boggy pasture on the campus into an outdoor classroom for the study of trees, shrubs and vines native to North Carolina. From the 1920s through the 1940s he added many East Asian trees and shrubs.
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William D. Moss becomes pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Chapel Hill
Coming from pastorates in Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia, William Dygnum Moss arrived in North Carolina in 1903 to lead the Presbyterian Church of Chapel Hill. Apart from six years in Washington, he served the congregation until his death in 1932.
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The university confers its first Doctor of Medicine degrees
On the evening of May 7, 1903, Dean Hubert A. Royster presented four graduates of the Medical Department, and the M.D. degree was conferred for the first time in the university's history.
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A Phi Beta Kappa chapter is established at the university
As dean of the faculty, Eben Alexander, himself a Phi Beta Kappa member from Yale, helped establish a chapter of the honor society at the University of North Carolina in 1904.
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Joseph Hyde Pratt teaches economic geology at UNC
Pratt was professor of economic geology at the University of North Carolina from 1904 to 1925, while also serving as state geologist.
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Kappa Alpha opens its chapter house near the campus
Chapters had begun leaving the dormitories in the 1890s, renting houses before they built them; Alpha Tau Omega had a chapter house by 1893. Kappa Alpha's house of 1904 began the row of fraternity houses near Franklin and Columbia streets that became Fraternity Row.
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Phillips Russell graduates from the university and helps found the Golden Fleece
Russell edited the student paper the Tar Heel and was one of the founders of the honorary society Golden Fleece before graduating in 1904.
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The old Joseph Caldwell obelisk is taken down, later to stand for four college servants
In July 1904 the remains of President Joseph Caldwell and his wife were moved to the base of the 1858 marble monument, and the original sandstone obelisk was taken down, to be set up again in the Black section of the Old Chapel Hill Cemetery. It was later raised over Wilson Caldwell's grave, and a marble tablet placed in its base by the Class of 1891 names Wilson Swain Caldwell, November Caldwell, David Barham and Henry Smith, who served the university.
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The university opens a summer course in library work
By 1904 the university had begun a summer course of instruction in library work, meant to train librarians as workers with books rather than custodians. Louis Round Wilson taught library methods in the 1905 Summer School.
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The university organizes a Graduate Department with C. Alphonso Smith as dean
By the 1904 commencement the university had organized its Graduate Department, with Dr. C. Alphonso Smith as dean. An alumni committee on the university's condition praised the step.
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Orange County teachers are offered the university summer school and pay tied to exam scores
The board accepted Dr. Venable's offer to admit county teachers to the University Summer School and set pay by the July examination: $35 a month for an average of 95 and $40 for 98.
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Beta Theta Pi builds a house on the original Fraternity Row
The Eta chapter put up its first house at the edge of campus on Fraternity Row in 1905, which brought the chapter a run of growth until World War I.
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George Howe buys an East Franklin Street lot from the university and builds a house
In 1905 the university sold George Howe the lot at 620 East Franklin Street, and the two-story hip-roofed house on it probably went up within a year or so.
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Isaac Hall Manning is dean of the UNC School of Medicine
As dean for 28 years, Manning improved the school's departments, faculty, facilities and entrance requirements.
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The General Assembly votes $50,000 for a chemistry building
After Professor Charles Baskerville described the crowded chemistry laboratories, the legislature raised the university's yearly appropriation to $45,000 and gave $50,000 for a chemical laboratory. Venable called the building grant a new departure.
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William de Berniere MacNider organizes UNC's first Department of Pharmacology
MacNider, a Chapel Hill native and 1903 graduate of the medical school's first class, organized the university's first Department of Pharmacology and led it as professor.
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The Leonidas Polk Chapter of the UDC holds Confederate memorial exercises
On May 10, 1905, the Leonidas Polk Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy held memorial exercises in Gerrard Hall, reading the roll of students who had served in the Confederate army. Children and adults then carried flowers to decorate soldiers' graves in the village cemetery.
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Judge W. P. Bynum gives the university a gymnasium
Judge William Preston Bynum paid for a gymnasium on the campus in memory of his grandson and namesake, a student who died before graduating, and presented it to the trustees by letter in May 1905. Dr. Richard H. Lewis accepted it at commencement.
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J. G. de Roulhac Hamilton joins the UNC history faculty
Hamilton, born in Hillsborough and trained at Columbia under William A. Dunning, was appointed associate professor of history at the University of North Carolina. He served the university until he retired in 1951.
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John Sprunt Hill endows the North Carolina Collection
John Sprunt Hill gave the university library money for collecting historical and literary material about North Carolina, the start of what became the North Carolina Collection.
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The new chemistry building is completed and Person Hall goes to medicine
The university spent $45,000 of the state grant on a chemistry building that held three times as many students as the old one. The rest refitted Person Hall, the old chemistry building, for the Medical Department and New East for biology.
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The school board helps Chestnut Ridge Institute after its dormitory burns
Taking account of the loss of its dormitory building by fire, the board paid Chestnut Ridge Institute the $15 balance owed for painting, patrons having raised $37.
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The trustees agree to buy the old hotel near the campus
At their June 1906 meeting the trustees agreed to buy the old Eagle Hotel, later the Chapel Hill Hotel and then the University Inn, for $19,700 to use for dormitories. The two-acre lot had sold for $200 in 1792. W. W. Pickard kept the hotel until early 1908, when the University put Addison Lambeth in charge.
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A freshman shoots a sophomore during a hazing attack
Set upon by three sophomores as he crossed the campus, a freshman pulled a pistol and shot one of them, who was gravely wounded but survived. It was the most serious hazing case at the university before Isaac William Rand's death in 1912.
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A new president's house is completed
The university finished a new residence for its president in 1907 at a cost of about $15,000, on high ground in Chapel Hill.
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James Finch Royster joins the university's English department
James Finch Royster came to the university's English department in the fall of 1907 and taught there for seven years.
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N. W. Walker revives the UNC summer school
Walker, professor of secondary education since 1905, revived the university's summer school in 1907 and directed it for twenty-seven years. In 1921 he became acting dean of the School of Education.
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The university infirmary opens
A new infirmary with room for about twenty patients and an operating room came into use in 1907. It cost about $20,000 to build and equip.
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The University Dramatic Club stages a student show
On May 1, 1907, the University Dramatic Club acted a student-written show with a mock sermon and a burlesque faculty meeting. L. W. Parker was the club president.
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The campus YMCA building is dedicated
The new Young Men's Christian Association building was formally dedicated on the evening of June 2, 1907, after the YMCA sermon. Professor J. W. Gore presented it for the building committee and Dr. Richard H. Lewis accepted it for the trustees.
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Kemp P. Battle and Thomas Hume retire on Carnegie pensions
At the 1907 commencement President Venable announced the resignations of Kemp P. Battle, professor of history and former president, and Thomas Hume, professor of English, both placed on the Carnegie Foundation pension list.
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UNC's Carnegie Library opens
UNC's new library, built with a gift from Andrew Carnegie first offered in 1905 as $50,000 and later raised to $55,000, was finished in the summer of 1907 and opened to students that fall once its furniture arrived. It served as the main library until Wilson Library opened in 1929 and was renamed for John Sprunt Hill in 1931.
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Andrew Henry Patterson becomes the university's professor of physics
Andrew Henry Patterson, an 1891 graduate of the university, came from the University of Georgia in 1908 to be professor of physics and held the chair for the rest of his life.
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Nonfraternity juniors elect a fraternity man class president and hold an open junior prom
Frank Porter Graham helped rally the nonfraternity majority of his class to elect a fraternity member as president on merit, breaking a long custom, and the class held a junior promenade open to every man in it.
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The John Calvin McNair lectures on science and religion begin
The lecture fund left by John Calvin McNair of the class of 1849 became available in 1906 from the sale of his plantation, and the first McNair lectures were given in 1908 by Francis H. Smith of the University of Virginia.
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The university adds a new athletic field and tennis courts
By University Day 1908 the university had laid out a new athletic field for about $1,000 and built more tennis courts, and a new dissecting hall was in use.
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The university opens Davie Hall for botany and zoology
Ordered by the trustees in June 1907 and begun late that year, the university's new building for botany and zoology, named William R. Davie Hall, was finished for the fall 1908 session. It was renovated and expanded in 1967.
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UNC sets up a separate botany department with Coker as its chair
By 1908 William C. Coker, who had come to the university as an associate professor in 1902, was a full professor and chair of the newly established Botany Department, housed in Davie Hall.
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UNC trustees approve the United Daughters of the Confederacy's request to build a Confederate monument on the campus
The board of trustees approved a request from the North Carolina Division of the UDC for a monument on the campus. President Francis P. Venable took part in the planning and fund-raising and later committed university money when UDC and alumni contributions fell short.
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Joshua W. Gore, professor of physics and dean, dies
Joshua Walker Gore, professor of physics and dean of the university, died on April 9, 1908. A memorial service followed on May 10, and alumni later gave his portrait for the library.
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The university creates a School of Applied Science with Charles H. Herty as dean
At the 1908 commencement President Venable announced that the trustees had made Charles H. Herty dean of the School of Applied Science and James E. Latta professor of electrical engineering.
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Edward Kidder Graham marries Susan Williams Moses at the Chapel of the Cross
Moses, a daughter of school reformer Edward Pearson Moses, had studied at the university from 1898 to 1901 and headed Latin and Greek at Sweet Briar College; the reception was on the porch of Eben Alexander's house next door. The couple lived at Bulrushes, a shingled house at the east edge of the campus that Graham and Louis Graves had built on a lot they bought.
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Gerrard Hall is refitted and daily chapel resumes for every undergraduate
With money Venable got from the legislature, Gerrard Hall's interior was renovated so that all undergraduates fit, and Dean Graham set a half-hour program before noon with ministers, faculty, trustees and other guest speakers. Upperclassmen had been excused from chapel for want of seats.
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Students form the University Council to run the honor system
In 1909-10 the University Council, made up of class presidents and elected student members, was set up as the head of the honor system. It looked into cheating, drunkenness and gambling and asked guilty students to leave the university.
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Venable names Edward Kidder Graham dean of the College of Liberal Arts
At 32 the youngest of the senior faculty, Graham took over the English department and replaced Eben Alexander, who was given a year's leave, as dean, with first responsibility for student discipline.
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Woodrow Wilson speaks in Gerrard Hall on Robert E. Lee's centennial
On January 19, 1909, the university marked the hundredth birthday of Robert E. Lee in Gerrard Hall, with Princeton president Woodrow Wilson as the speaker.
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Alumni pledge forty-one endowed scholarships
At the 1909 alumni luncheon, classes and local alumni groups promised to endow forty-one scholarships of $1,000 each. Julian S. Carr gave five named for J. Johnston Pettigrew for sons of Confederate soldiers, and Edgar Love two named for Cornelia Phillips Spencer.
- 1910s
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John Wilson begins designing UNC's Confederate monument
After the monument committee weighed competing designs, it chose Canadian sculptor John Wilson's design for the Confederate soldier statue planned for the UNC campus. Wilson began the work in 1910, using sixteen-year-old Harold Langlois of Boston as his model.
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Marvin H. Stacy becomes professor of civil engineering
Stacy, a 1902 graduate who had stayed on to teach mathematics and taken a master's degree in 1904, went to Cornell for graduate study, then returned to teach civil engineering and was made professor in 1910.
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N. J. Cartmell takes charge of track athletics
N. J. Cartmell became the university's track coach in 1910. The team won the state meet in 1911 and 1912.
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The Student Council resigns after the faculty reinstates a student it expelled
The council quit when a faculty committee put back a student it had dismissed for stealing; Dean Graham negotiated a settlement that affirmed the council's authority but let its decisions be appealed to the faculty.
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The school at University is burned, and the board offers a reward for the arsonist
Fire destroyed the school building in the University community in the fall of 1910, and on November 3 the board asked the state for a $700 loan to rebuild it. In April 1911 the board offered a $100 reward, if the law allowed, for conviction of whoever had set the fire.
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Walter Clark helps teach the university's Summer Law School
Chief Justice Walter Clark assisted in the university's Summer Law School, which enrolled thirty-seven students.
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A. A. Kluttz advertises his University Bookstore to students in the Tar Heel
The student paper's list of regular Chapel Hill advertisers included A. A. Kluttz, whose University Bookstore advertised shoes, hats, underwear, pictures and souvenirs. A dentist, Dr. William Lynch, advertised an office in the Kluttz Building.
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Albert R. Ledoux endows a research fellowship in chemistry
Albert R. Ledoux, the first director of the state Agricultural Experiment Station when it was at the university, sent $5,000 in 1911 to set up a research fellowship in chemistry.
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Andrew Henry Patterson becomes dean of the School of Applied Science
From 1911 Patterson was also dean of the university's School of Applied Science, a post he held until his death in 1928.
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Architecture critic Montgomery Schuyler publishes a review of the UNC campus
The New York critic compared the old Chapel Hill buildings with Harvard's, praised their open placement, dismissed the old Memorial Hall and found the new Beaux Arts buildings on McCorkle Place neither good nor bad. He counted it lucky that the university could afford only conventional architects.
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Graham proposes a faculty committee on university extension
The committee formed at Graham's urging started a high school debating contest and a statewide high school track meet that drew hundreds of students to Chapel Hill by 1913. President Venable gave it little support, seeing extension as a drain on teaching at home.
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Richard W. Hogue secures a Self-Help Home for working students
By the 1911 commencement the Rev. Richard W. Hogue had secured a Self-Help Home to house students working their way through the university. The alumni gave him a rising vote of thanks.
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Students start night classes for the Black men who served the dormitories
Asked for help by the young Black workers who cut firewood and carried water in the dormitories, students began teaching them reading and arithmetic in what were called moonlight schools. Under Frank Porter Graham at the campus YMCA the classes grew to take in history, English, writing, debating, home sanitation and the Bible.
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UNC plays its first varsity basketball game
UNC defeated Virginia Christian 42–21 in Bynum Gymnasium in its first varsity basketball game.
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Bettie Jackson London publishes the design for the campus monument and appeals for the $7,500
Writing from Pittsboro as chairman of the UDC monument committee, Mrs. Henry A. London described the monument designed by the sculptor John Wilson, a soldier above a bronze tablet of the State calling a student from his books, and warned that the chapters had not met their pledges and the unveiling at the semicentennial commencement was in doubt.
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The Tar Heel reports the monument's unveiling put off from the 1911 commencement for want of funds
The paper reported that the UDC chapters had been unable to fulfill their pledges toward the $7,500, so the monument could not be unveiled at the June 1911 commencement, the fiftieth anniversary of the war's beginning, and would certainly be unveiled in 1912. It was in fact dedicated in June 1913.
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Alumni set up a General Assembly and plan an alumni monthly
On May 29, 1911, the alumni adopted a plan for a General Assembly of delegates from local associations, a Council of fifteen, and a magazine to be called the University of North Carolina Alumni Monthly. W. H. Swift went out as field manager to organize local groups.
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Governor Woodrow Wilson gives the commencement address
Woodrow Wilson, governor of New Jersey, spoke at the alumni luncheon and gave the 1911 commencement address in Memorial Hall, and the university made him a Doctor of Laws.
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The university grants diplomas to students who left for the Confederate army
The faculty and trustees voted to give A.B. diplomas to surviving students who had left their classes to join the Confederate army, and the war classes of 1861 to 1868 were called at the 1911 commencement.
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Students form the Greater Council and open honor code hearings to the public
Working with Dean Graham after Rand's death, students set up the Greater Council, with members from every class, to give them more voice on campus questions, and the Student Council began trying honor code charges in public with the accused facing their accusers.
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Summer School students perform the colonial play Esther Wake
In the summer of 1912 the Summer School for Teachers presented Esther Wake, a play by instructor Adolf Vermont about colonial North Carolina, on the steps of Smith Hall.
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The university names a new McCorkle Place residence hall for Kemp Plummer Battle
In 1912 the university named a new residence hall on McCorkle Place for Battle, its president from 1876 to 1891. It was one section of a three-part dormitory whose other sections honored J. Johnston Pettigrew and Zebulon B. Vance.
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The university razes the old Central Hotel to build dormitories
The university bought the old Central Hotel from Dr. Roberson's estate, tore it down in 1912, and built the Vance, Battle and Pettigrew dormitories on the site.
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Sophomores besiege a freshman cottage and fire a pistol into a room
After a class banquet a crowd of sophomores surrounded a university-owned cottage where freshmen lived, threw rocks at one room and fired a shot into it when the freshmen would not come out. Neither a faculty committee nor the Student Council could name the culprits until the inquiry into Isaac William Rand's death that fall.
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Trustees split the secretary-treasurer office after Richard H. Battle's death
After Richard H. Battle, secretary and treasurer of the university, died on May 12, 1912, the trustees divided his office, required the treasurer to live in Chapel Hill, and abolished the office of bursar. Julius A. Warren became treasurer.
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Freshman Isaac William Rand dies in a hazing incident on the athletic field
Taken from his Old East room near midnight by sophomores, the Smithfield freshman was made to stand on a barrel behind Bynum Gymnasium, fell onto broken glass that cut his carotid artery, and died within minutes on the gymnasium steps. Four students were arrested for manslaughter that day after a coroner's inquest, and Governor W. W. Kitchin demanded a full public investigation.
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Venable's faculty committee reports on the Rand death and the spring hazing
After questioning nearly fifty students, the committee gave the trustees a full account of the night Rand died and of the March attack on the freshman cottage. Sixteen more students were punished, four dismissed and twelve suspended for a year, and the trustees' executive committee in Raleigh turned down fathers' appeals.
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Kappa Sigma breaks ground for a new fraternity hall on Fraternity Row
The Tar Heel reported in mid-October 1912 that ground had been broken for a new Kappa Sigma hall between the Zeta Psi and Pi Kappa Alpha houses. The building, later called the Evergreen House, is the only one of the original Fraternity Row houses still standing.
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Edward Kidder Graham serves as acting president while Venable is in Europe
Graham, head of the English department and dean of the College of Liberal Arts at Chapel Hill, acted as president in 1913 during President Francis P. Venable's absence in Europe.
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Edwin Greenlaw joins the UNC faculty
Greenlaw, a Renaissance scholar, came to the University of North Carolina in the fall of 1913 at the age of 39.
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Smallpox breaks out on the campus
In the last weeks of the 1912-13 term President Venable had to deal with an outbreak of smallpox at the university, one of the worries of the year that led him to seek leave.
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Swain Hall is built as the university dining hall
The university built Swain Hall in 1913 and 1914 as a dining hall on the site of the first president's house and named it for David L. Swain. It served as the dining hall until 1940 and later became the first home of the communications department.
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The School of Education is established with M. C. S. Noble as dean
The university formally established its School of Education as a professional school in 1913, with M. C. S. Noble as dean. He held the post until 1921 and kept teaching until he retired in 1934.
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The first president's house is moved off the Swain Hall site and becomes a private home
When Swain Hall was built in 1913 at Cameron Avenue and South Columbia Street, the 1795 house built for the university's president was moved from the corner and reused as a private dwelling.
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The new School of Education building is dedicated
Before the 1913 commencement Venable presided at the dedication of the building for the university's new School of Education, later called the Peabody Building.
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The university calls off its football game with A&M over eligibility
Disputes over A&M players who had played for Brown, Holy Cross and Georgetown and over paid assistant coaches on the field led Carolina to cancel the game, a step Graham accepted with reluctance.
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The university organizes a Bureau of Extension under Louis Round Wilson
Set up as Venable left for Europe in mid-1913 and run by university librarian Louis Round Wilson with no budget of its own, the bureau started programs to take the university's work into the state; the trustees endorsed it in January 1914.
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Silent Sam
On June 2, 1913, the United Daughters of the Confederacy and UNC alumni dedicated a Confederate soldier statue in McCorkle Place, and Julian Carr's dedication speech boasted of whipping a Black woman. The monument drew decades of protest until demonstrators pulled it down on August 20, 2018.
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UNC's Confederate Monument is dedicated
On the second day of commencement Major H. A. London introduced Governor Craig; Mrs. London presented the monument to the trustees for the UDC, President Francis P. Venable accepted it for the university, and Julian S. Carr spoke for the students of 1861. Carr's speech, which praised the Confederate army and recounted his horsewhipping of a Black woman in the village in 1865, is the part now most remembered.
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Vice President Thomas R. Marshall gives the commencement address
Newly inaugurated with Woodrow Wilson, Marshall was the 1913 commencement speaker and stayed at the President's House because there was no decent hotel within fifteen miles of the campus.
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Acting president Graham pledges to carry the university to the whole state
In his University Day remarks in Memorial Hall, Graham said the new Bureau of Extension would put the university in close touch with every problem of North Carolina life, a break with Venable's narrower view, and he answered charges that students cared mostly for football. Raleigh and Greensboro papers praised the idea the next day.
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About 250 county citizens meet at the Hillsboro courthouse for Community Service Week
As part of the university's Community Service Week, some 250 citizens gathered at the Orange County courthouse in Hillsboro to take up the county's needs and hear President Graham speak on community service.
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Andrew Henry Patterson builds a house on East Franklin Street
Patterson was one of several faculty members and townspeople who built new homes in the East Franklin Street residential district in these years.
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Cora Zeta Corpening enrolls as the university's first woman candidate for a medical degree
When the 1914-15 session opened, Cora Zeta Corpening of Mars Hill became the first woman to enroll at the university as a candidate for a medical degree.
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Edward Kidder Graham is elected president of the university
The board of trustees elected Graham president by unanimous vote in 1914, succeeding Francis P. Venable. He had been at Chapel Hill since 1899, first as librarian and then through the English department to the deanship.
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Fire damages the Alumni Building
A fire probably started by Joshua Gore's X-ray machine in the basement did about $1,800 in damage to the Alumni Building.
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James Finch Royster leaves the university for the University of Texas
Royster, who had been teaching the journalism course Edward Kidder Graham created, left Chapel Hill for the University of Texas, one of the faculty Graham could not keep during his year as acting president.
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Marvin H. Stacy becomes permanent dean of the College of Liberal Arts
Graham had made Marvin Hendrix Stacy acting dean of the College of Liberal Arts during Venable's absence and made the post permanent at his first faculty meeting as president. Stacy, a civil engineering professor, handled student discipline and worked to replace written rules with reliance on student honor.
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The Bureau of Extension begins correspondence courses for credit
Under Louis R. Wilson, the university's new Bureau of Extension began organizing correspondence courses for credit during the 1914-15 term. It had already widened its free advice for teachers to help town officials with water systems and streets.
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Trustees approve asking the Rockefeller Foundation for a student building
After a sharp debate the board agreed to seek $50,000 from the Rockefeller Foundation, to be matched by $25,000 raised at home, for a student center to replace the crowded YMCA quarters. The plan fell through when word reached the foundation that some trustees objected to tainted money.
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The first Good Roads Institute meets at Chapel Hill
State geologist and faculty member Joseph Hyde Pratt chaired the first Good Roads Institute held at Chapel Hill. The institute later became part of the university's extension program.
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Francis P. Venable resigns the presidency from London
Writing to the trustees from London, Venable resigned on his doctor's warning against another breakdown and asked to return to teaching chemistry. His letter reached board secretary Richard H. Lewis about the same time Graham got a personal note, which Graham called a great shock.
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Edwin Greenlaw heads UNC's English department
Appointed chairman of the English department in June 1914, Greenlaw built it from eight faculty members to 37 by 1925, when he left for Johns Hopkins.
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The university assigns each freshman a faculty adviser
President Graham began a system of faculty advisers to help new students settle into university life, and fall 1914 was its first year. Albert Coates's adviser was Oliver Towles of romance languages.
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Branson's University News Letter publishes its first issue
E. C. Branson's University News Letter, a weekly one-page sheet packed with facts about North Carolina gathered by him and his students, first appeared in mid-November 1914 with a run of four thousand copies. Its items were widely reprinted by the state's papers, and circulation grew to fifteen thousand.
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Graham reports enrollment passing 1,000 students
Graham told the trustees in December 1914 that enrollment would pass 1,000, against 512 in 1900, and that counting summer students the university taught 1,578. The campus had grown from ten buildings in 1900 to two dozen.
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Collier Cobb develops Cobb Terrace, Chapel Hill's earliest planned development
On gullied land he had bought, geology professor Collier Cobb brought in earth, laid out terraced lots and built eleven houses, several of them Aladdin mail-order kit houses, as rental housing for young professors. The development of just over 20 lots was complete by 1927.
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Edwin Greenlaw becomes managing editor of Studies in Philology
Greenlaw took over the university's journal Studies in Philology in 1915 and reorganized it as a quarterly.
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Graham launches an Alumni Loyalty Fund
After the class of 1905 gave $1,000, Graham asked the trustees to back an alumni loyalty fund and turned the gift into a nationwide appeal for small yearly gifts from the university's roughly six thousand living alumni. It was a new idea to seek private money for a state institution, and the hoped-for sums never came.
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Margaret Berry becomes the first woman to graduate from UNC's law school
Margaret Berry of the Hillsborough Berry family, who had finished her UNC undergraduate degree in 1913, graduated from the university's law school in 1915, the first woman to do so. That summer she passed the state bar examination, listed as Margaret Kollock Berry of Orange.
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Some 250 high school debaters come to Chapel Hill for state finals
About 250 high school students came to the campus for the final rounds of the university's statewide debating union, one of Graham's means of tying the university to towns across the state. Topics included woman suffrage and public ownership of railroads.
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Student engineers wire the first campus telephone network
The electrical engineering laboratory rebuilt used telephones salvaged from a Durham textile mill to link the Alumni Building offices of the president, business manager, treasurer and registrar. Student engineers also put a radio antenna on New East to receive baseball scores.
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The 1915 General Assembly raises the university's appropriation
Graham's first legislative campaign won $115,000 a year for operations, against $95,000 before and the $125,000 he sought, plus $60,000 over two years for permanent improvements. Much of the building money went to pay for the University Inn property on Franklin Street and the land under Peabody Hall.
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The Order of Gimghouls buys a 95-acre tract east of campus
The land took in the Prospect Point overlook prized by 1880s member Edward Wray Martin, who had dreamed of a stone castle there. The order traded about a third of it to the university, sold 35 acres, kept a wooded site for the castle and developed the rest as the Glandon subdivision, now the Gimghoul neighborhood.
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The University Gymnasium Association votes to give Old Commons Hall to the university
Stockholders of the association that had owned the old ballroom, gymnasium and dining hall since 1885 voted at a meeting in Dr. R. H. Lewis's office to deed the building to the university. It was then used for class basketball games and, in 1917, for military drill.
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UNC gives James Sprunt an honorary doctor of laws
The university, where Sprunt served as a trustee, awarded him an honorary LL.D.
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William Howard Taft gives the first Weil lectures on American citizenship
Former president William Howard Taft spent three days in Chapel Hill as Graham's guest, giving a series of lectures on politics and the presidency. A photograph caption identifies the visit as the inaugural Weil Lecture on American citizenship.
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Edward Kidder Graham is inaugurated president in Memorial Hall
A procession of about 1,400 marched to Memorial Hall, where Chief Justice Walter Clark gave Graham the oath and Governor Locke Craig presided. Graham's address cast the state university as the instrument of democracy. Three former presidents walked with him in the procession.
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A brass plate from the Old East cornerstone is returned on University Day
University Day 1916 brought back a brass plate that had once been part of the Old East cornerstone. A Tennessee foundry owner had found it in a pile of scrap metal, and how it got there was unknown.
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Julian S. Carr endows a scholarship on his class's fiftieth anniversary
At the 1916 commencement, fifty years after his class was due to graduate, Durham industrialist Julian S. Carr gave $4,000 to endow a scholarship fund. Treasury Secretary William G. McAdoo gave the address.
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Thomas J. Campbell arrives as the university's first athletic director
After coach T. G. Trenchard's contract ran out with the 1915 season, Graham and a faculty committee ended alumni control of athletics and put a director in charge. Thomas Joseph Campbell, a former Harvard football star, took the post by early March 1916 and coached under a new rule that made athletes wait a year before playing.
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State and university educators set up a teacher-training program for Orange County
State superintendent J. Y. Joyner, rural schools chief L. C. Brogden and UNC's L. A. Williams met the county board and won approval for a 1916-17 plan of general teachers' meetings in November and March and group meetings at centers across the county, run by the UNC School of Education. Teachers were paid to attend, with a per diem and mileage for Saturday sessions.
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Capt. J. Stuart Allen organizes the volunteer UNC Reserve Corps
Graham brought Captain J. Stuart Allen, a wounded Canadian veteran of Ypres and the Somme, to run military training, paying him $4,000 from the budget. Volunteers bought their own uniforms and earned five credit hours for twelve or more hours a week of drill and trench digging east of the campus.
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Clara S. Lingle becomes the university's first advisor to women
Graham hired Clara S. Lingle as advisor to women, the first woman given administrative duties at the university. Formally on the extension staff working with women's clubs, she was meant to speak for the two dozen women students within the administration.
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Cornelia Spencer Love works as a librarian at the University of North Carolina
Love came to Chapel Hill and worked in the university library from 1917 to 1948. She later wrote When Chapel Hill Was a Village, published in 1976.
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Dr. C. S. Mangum teaches a daily first aid class at the 1917 UNC Summer School
Dr. C. S. Mangum taught first aid every day through the six weeks of the 1917 Summer School to a large class of Chapel Hill people and summer visitors, with two local Red Cross members helping with bandaging. The course closed with practical and written examinations sent from Washington.
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Mary Lindsay Thornton becomes librarian of the North Carolina Collection
Fresh out of library school, Mary Lindsay Thornton took charge of the university's North Carolina Collection, then about 1,500 items kept in a small upstairs corner room of the library building that later became Hill Music Hall. She led it for forty years.
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President Edward K. Graham engages planner John Nolen to study the campus
Urged by a faculty grounds committee of W. C. Coker, George Howe and Collier Cobb, formed in 1913, and after the trustees endorsed a full campus plan in spring 1916, Graham brought in the national planner John Nolen. Between 1917 and 1919 Nolen studied the campus and recommended building out the land south of South Building, the direction the 1920s expansion took.
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Sturgis E. Leavitt teaches Spanish at the university
Leavitt came to the university in fall 1917 as assistant professor of Spanish, was named Kenan Professor in 1945, and retired in 1960.
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The university cancels its 1917 football season as students drill
With more than half the students in a new four-company training program under Captain J. Stuart Allen, a twice-wounded Canadian veteran, the Athletic Association called off intercollegiate football for the duration. Albert Coates, its president, took part in the decision.
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The university suspends intercollegiate football for the war
Intercollegiate football was dropped in the fall of 1917 as drilling men took over Emerson Field in the afternoons. Captain Allen took on the coach's duties, conditioning students with trench digging and mock attacks.
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The legislature passes a $3 million bond issue that funds university buildings
In the last hours of the 1917 session the house passed a $3 million bond issue, with only 14 of 120 votes against, for state institutions and public schools, giving the university $100,000 a year for five years for new buildings and repairs. Baptist leaders denounced the haste and the aid to state colleges.
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Graham tells a Memorial Hall gathering how the university will serve in the war
Two weeks after the United States entered the war, more than a thousand people heard Graham in Memorial Hall urge students to stay in school until called. He promised military training on campus and a faculty program of instruction to aid the war effort.
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Horace Williams's war remarks bring a trustee inquiry that clears the faculty
After the Charlotte Observer quoted philosophy professor Horace Williams in May 1917 calling the war a clash of national interests, critics questioned his loyalty, and trustee John Sprunt Hill pressed the matter. The trustees' visiting committee investigated and in June 1918 cleared Williams and the faculty of disloyalty.
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Secretary of War Newton D. Baker gives the wartime commencement address
Baker spoke to an overflowing Memorial Hall hung with flags, the day after draft registration, warning that the war would be long and urging those who stayed to keep learning. Of the 161 graduates in the class of 1917, 65 were already in training camps, and all dances were canceled.
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Mary Lily Kenan Flagler Bingham dies, leaving the university a fund for professors
Mary Lily Kenan Flagler Bingham, the South's richest widow, died at Louisville, and her will gave the university an endowment expected to pay $75,000 a year to be known as the Kenan Professors Fund. Litigation over her estate delayed the money for years.
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Wartime enrollment reaches 1,034
Graham had expected fewer than 800 students, but by October 1, 1917, 1,034 had registered, more than five hundred of them in the military courses. Entering freshmen averaged seventeen, two years younger than in 1915, and about two hundred students left during the term.
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Eugene C. Branson urges county teachers to back the food conservation drive
At a court house meeting of teachers and school committeemen called by J. C. Webb, Branson explained why food conservation mattered, and Mrs. Isaac Manning described her work in the south end of the county. Forty-two teachers attended, and the meeting laid the plan to register every woman at her school house on October 27.
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Governor Bickett gives a wartime University Day address
A month after the term opened, Governor Thomas W. Bickett spoke at University Day in a chilly Memorial Hall, denouncing slackers. Marshals led the academic procession through ranks of uniformed men.
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Robert and Mollie Malone open Orange County Training School on the old Hackney campus
Principal Robert E. Malone, his wife Mollie Holmes Malone as domestic science teacher, and two other teachers began classes in academic, industrial and farm subjects at the county's new training school for Black students. Black residents had raised $3,000 toward the board's 1916 purchase of the Hackney campus on Merritt Mill Road.
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The Carolina battalion begins digging practice trenches east of the campus
Under Capt. Allen, the student battalion began a system of front-line, support and communication trenches, dugouts and barbed wire on a field behind Judge Brockwell's place, to train for the war in France. By late November the Tar Heel reported the works nearly complete.
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Baptist pastor S. W. Oldham and his wife nurse the sick in the flu epidemic
During the influenza epidemic the Baptist pastor S. W. Oldham and his wife cared for the sick of Hillsborough, a neighbor recalled in the Baptist paper Charity and Children.
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John Nolen recommends a site for the engineering building
As plans took shape for the School of Applied Science building paid for by the 1917 bonds, planner John Nolen advised placing it between Memorial Hall and the Peabody Building and chose a spot for a flagpole. He promised broader campus plans by the June 1918 commencement.
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Old Commons Hall is taken down
The 1885 building that had served the university as ballroom, gymnasium, dining hall and basketball court was still in use in March 1918 but was gone by January 1919, when the Tar Heel wrote that 'Old Commons is no more'.
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The Carolina Playmakers and the founding of UNC Press
Frederick Koch's Carolina Playmakers, organized in 1918, and the University of North Carolina Press, founded in 1922, made Chapel Hill a place where plays and books were made as well as read.
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The Carolina Playmakers are organized
Frederick H. Koch organized the Carolina Playmakers at UNC.
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Trustees name the first five Kenan professors
The trustees adopted President Edward Kidder Graham's recommendations for the new Kenan professorships, funded under the will of Mary Lily Kenan Flagler Bingham. Venable was named Kenan Professor of Chemistry, with H. V. Wilson, Edwin Greenlaw, William MacNider and William Cain.
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University Day is canceled because of the influenza epidemic
Fear of the influenza epidemic led the university to cancel its University Day observance in the fall of 1918. The literary societies also failed to meet that fall.
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University janitors organize with the Industrial Workers of the World
Black janitors at the university formed an affiliate of the IWW and weighed a strike for higher wages as the spring term closed. Business manager Charles T. Woollen answered that he would hire a new crew from Durham, and the effort faded. That fall all the campus help lost their jobs when the SATC took over the buildings.
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The Chapel Hill Red Cross moves its workrooms into the Zeta Psi fraternity hall
After its first home, a Main Street store lent by Mayor W. S. Roberson, was sold to the People's Bank, the chapter moved on January 1, 1918, into the lower floor of the Zeta Psi fraternity hall, offered by the university's Upsilon chapter.
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The trustees give the faculty a second $250 raise
Following a $250 raise in September 1917, the trustees added another $250 in January 1918, bringing a full professor's top pay to $3,000. Graham turned down the increase in his own salary, from $4,000 to $6,000, that the board had voted at the 1917 commencement.
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Frederick H. Koch is hired as professor of dramatic literature
Recruited by Edwin Greenlaw from the University of North Dakota, where he had founded the Dakota Playmakers, Frederick Henry Koch signed in late May 1918 at $2,500 a year to teach dramatic literature, a title he chose. He arrived that summer meaning to build a folk drama program in North Carolina.
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A subdued wartime commencement honors the governor, Senator Overman and the Rev. W. D. Moss
With about a third of the class of 1918 already in camps, the university gave honorary degrees to Governor Bickett, Senator Lee S. Overman, Edwin Mims and the Presbyterian pastor W. D. Moss. Frederic C. Howe, immigration commissioner at New York, gave the address.
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Kameichi Kato becomes the first Asian student to finish a four-year degree
Kato, from Hiroshima, Japan, graduated with the Class of 1918, the first Asian student to earn a four-year degree at the university. He had organized Epsilon Phi Delta, a society for the study of Japanese-American relations.
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The Class of 1918 plants a shoot of the Davie Poplar
Worried that the lightning-struck Davie Poplar might die, the seniors planted a rooted shoot of it that William Long of Chapel Hill had raised. Both trees were still standing a century later.
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The university gets an ROTC unit under Lt. Col. Gustave W. S. Stevens
With the university's ROTC application finally approved, the army called Lieutenant Colonel Gustave W. S. Stevens out of retirement in New Orleans and sent him to Chapel Hill in June 1918 to run the program. He stayed on to command the campus when the SATC replaced it.
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Orange County holds a Fourth of July war rally on the UNC campus
At the Governor's request the UNC Summer School invited the county to its July 4, 1918 celebration, and at least 3,000 people came for a parade, a flag raising and S. M. Gattis's address in Memorial Hall. The county Council of Defense met in Gerrard Hall, and Adolph Vermont's pageant on French-American friendship played in Battle's Park.
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The Students' Army Training Corps takes over the campus
Registration, put off to September 24 and 25, opened a year run by the army: dormitories became Barracks 1 through 8, Swain Hall the Mess Hall, and the year was cut into twelve-week quarters with classes grouped by age. About seven hundred enrolled, nearly all of them required to take a course on the issues of the war, and the commander worked from the Sigma Chi house.
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750 University students are inducted into the Students' Army Training Corps
At noon on October 1, 1918, about 750 University students took the oath at the campus flag pole from Lt. Col. Stevens, the commandant, and became members of the Students' Army Training Corps, at the same moment as students at about 500 colleges across the country. President Edward Kidder Graham gave the address, and the corps was reviewed from the steps of the Alumni Building.
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Orange County's new Board of Health orders churches, schools and theatres closed and forbids all meetings
After the state Council of Defense warned county chairmen of the spread of Spanish influenza, they formed a County Board of Health, which on October 7 ordered the closing of all churches, schools and theatres and forbade meetings of every kind, the disease having already broken out in the community. Red Cross members carried most of the relief work that followed.
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The Tar Heel counts some 300 student cases and three deaths as the three-week campus quarantine eases
Confined to the campus for three weeks, the Student Army Training Corps men had their first leave on Saturday, October 19, under orders not to leave town. The paper counted about 300 cases among the students, three deaths and 35 still in the college infirmary, credited the second-year medical students with keeping the toll low, and noted that both of the university's physicians, Dr. Mangum and Dr. MacNider, had fallen ill.
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President Edward Kidder Graham dies of influenza and pneumonia at his home in Chapel Hill
Graham, 42, president since 1914 and regional director of the Student Army Training Corps for the South Atlantic states, died on Saturday night after five days' illness. The SATC battalion escorted the funeral, conducted at the grave by W. D. Moss of the Presbyterian church; Josephus Daniels and Newton D. Baker sent tributes.
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The Orange County Red Cross organizes volunteer nursing for the epidemic
Meeting on October 26, 1918, with the county influenza relief committee, the chapter named T. N. Webb and Nellie Russell to take requests for nurses in the West Hill and Hillsborough school districts and canvassed the town for volunteers. Chester Turner and Ross Turner, a Black man, served as volunteer nurses wherever needed.
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The trustees make Marvin H. Stacy chairman of the faculty with a president's powers
Five days after Graham's death the trustees named his dean, Marvin Hendrix Stacy, chairman of the faculty with the full powers of the presidency. Stacy named Harry W. Chase acting dean of the College of Liberal Arts, and the trustees agreed.
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Carrboro opens an influenza diet kitchen in the mill club rooms
When influenza spread from the university to Carrboro, a volunteer nursing committee worked night and day, and J. S. Carr gave the club rooms for a diet kitchen and paid its costs. For two weeks Mrs. R. B. Lawson and Mrs. Arthur Blackwood served at least seven gallons of soup a day, and orderlies checked homes each morning.
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Cedar Grove Township counts about 375 influenza cases and four deaths
Cedar Grove Township had about 375 cases of Spanish influenza and only four deaths, and the epidemic there lasted until the second week of December 1918.
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Chapel Hill women nurse influenza patients as volunteers in the University hospital
When influenza broke out after the University opened in the fall of 1918, the Red Cross offered its help to the physicians, and for weeks Helen Shell, Katherine Bourne and Mrs. K. J. Brown nursed as volunteers in the University hospital while other women helped stricken families in the village.
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Chase takes charge of the college and then the faculty after two deaths
Chase was appointed acting dean of the College of Liberal Arts after President Edward Kidder Graham died in October 1918, and chairman of the faculty after Marvin H. Stacy died in January 1919.
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Eno Mill opens an influenza diet kitchen at West Hill school
When influenza reached the Eno Mill district, the mill opened and paid for a diet kitchen at the West Hill school for about seven weeks, run by home demonstration agent Elizabeth Cornelius. It fed as many as 150 people a day, and the mill hired nurses for the sick.
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Influenza epidemic strikes Chapel Hill
Spanish influenza swept the University in early October 1918, putting the campus and its student soldiers under a three-week quarantine. By October 23 about 300 students had been ill and three had died, and President Edward Kidder Graham died of influenza and pneumonia on October 26.
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Members of the Woman's Association make 120 gauze masks for the campus Hospital Corps
Meeting in small groups during the epidemic, women of the university's Woman's Association sewed 120 gauze masks and sent them to the infirmary for the Hospital Corps. The county's 1919 war record, summing up the association's work that fall, counts 150 influenza masks.
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Nurse Bessie Roper dies after nursing UNC students through influenza
Miss Roper left a paid nursing job to care for university students with influenza and stayed at her post while ill herself until doctors made her stop. She developed pneumonia and died within days.
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The university publishes the North Carolina Club's study of county life
The extension program issued a 188-page report on the counties built on the North Carolina Club's research, in which E. C. Branson called county government the least creditable institution in the country. The study later fed the 1920s county government reforms.
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UNC's women students make masks and arm bands for the emergency hospitals
In the first days of the epidemic the Red Cross called on the co-eds to make face masks for doctors and nurses in the emergency hospitals. They made 286 masks and 170 arm bands for hospital attendants.
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The Chapel Hill Red Cross elects A. H. Patterson chairman at its annual meeting
At its annual meeting on Thursday, November 21, 1918, the chapter elected Dr. A. H. Patterson chairman, with Alice Noble vice-chairman, Nellie Roberson secretary and Dudley Carroll treasurer. Earlier that fall George Howe had resigned for his duties on the University's Student Army Training Corps committee, and J. M. Bell had taken his place.
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Compiled and maintained by the Friends of the Orange County Public Library from county records, the sources named on each card, and the index’s event pages. Last updated October 2, 2026.
