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Early twentieth century · 1900–1944
- 1910s
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Edward Arthur Brown opens a hardware and furniture store
E. A. Brown opened a large store just east of Sid L. Herndon's hardware store, selling hardware at first and soon furniture.
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Frank Nash serves as attorney for Orange County
Nash was the county attorney for four years, while also an elder of the Hillsborough Presbyterian Church and chairman of the county Democratic executive committee.
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Hillsboro Public Library is counted among North Carolina's early free public libraries
A 1954 history of North Carolina public libraries names the Hillsboro Public Library among the free public libraries established in North Carolina by 1910, fifteen in all. A later survey dates Hillsboro's library to 1910 in its list of the twenty-eight public, society and Y.M.C.A. libraries in the state's first library report.
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Jesse and Allie King build a two-story house on Old Greensboro Road
After living in the log house across Sesame Road, Jesse and Allie King built a frame I-house about 1910. It was remade in the Colonial Revival style in the 1940s; frame and log outbuildings remain.
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John Kenion's center-gable farmhouse is built north of Hillsborough
The Kenion House, a two-story farmhouse with a shingled front gable, pointed window heads and a bracketed porch, was built in 1910 for John Kenion, a farmer and Hillsborough banker. It stands in the Cedar Grove area.
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John Wilson begins designing UNC's Confederate monument
After the monument committee weighed competing designs, it chose Canadian sculptor John Wilson's design for the Confederate soldier statue planned for the UNC campus. Wilson began the work in 1910, using sixteen-year-old Harold Langlois of Boston as his model.
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Luther Sturdivant and Knute Mann plat Partridge Field for houses
In the late 1910s Carrboro businessmen Luther Sturdivant and Knute Mann laid out streets, blocks and lots on the open ground called Partridge Field, east of the railroad spur, and each built a bungalow there in the early 1920s. Few buyers followed them in the 1920s; most new builders chose wooded lots on Hillsborough Road.
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Marvin H. Stacy becomes professor of civil engineering
Stacy, a 1902 graduate who had stayed on to teach mathematics and taken a master's degree in 1904, went to Cornell for graduate study, then returned to teach civil engineering and was made professor in 1910.
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Mill houses go up for the Lloyd Manufacturing Company's workers
One-story frame houses with front porches were built between 1910 and 1915 as worker housing for the Thomas F. Lloyd Manufacturing Company; 25 of them form the Thomas F. Lloyd Historic District on the National Register.
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N. J. Cartmell takes charge of track athletics
N. J. Cartmell became the university's track coach in 1910. The team won the state meet in 1911 and 1912.
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Pleasant Green Methodist Church completes its present Gothic frame church
The congregation finished a steep-gabled frame church with Gothic windows and door in 1910, replacing the 1869 building.
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Six Orange County districts levy special taxes for graded schools for white children
In 1910 six school districts taxed themselves to build and run larger graded schools, all of them for white children only, while Black schools stayed in one-room buildings.
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St. Matthew's Episcopal Church builds its present rectory across St. Mary's Road
St. Matthew's built a one-and-a-half-story frame rectory on the triangular lot across St. Mary's Road from the church around 1910. The parish had owned the lot since 1869, and rectors have lived there since then.
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Student YMCA members run eight Sunday schools around Chapel Hill
In 1910-11 the university YMCA organized Sunday schools at Calvander, Clark's Chapel, Williams' Chapel, Ephesus, Mount Carmel, Orange Church, Rankin's Chapel and Smith's Level, enrolling 321 pupils.
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The Bellevue Commercial Block is built as West Hillsborough's shopping street
Five one-story brick buildings with seven storefronts on South Nash Street near the old depot became the West End business district for the mill village and West Hillsborough. Over the years they held a drug store, the Cates brothers' general store with a branch post office, a barber, a dry cleaner, a cafe and a movie theater.
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The Bellevue mill superintendent's house is built on South Nash Street
The two-story house built for the mill superintendent, with corbelled brick chimneys, a canted bay and a wraparound porch, is the most decorative early house in the surveyed area and stands out beside the plain mill houses next to it.
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The Blackwood family builds a grist mill on Millhouse Road
Around 1910 the Blackwoods built a small frame grist mill on a stone basement near Eubanks. It was made into a house in the 1950s.
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The Carrs open a night school for Carrboro children working in the mills
In the early 1910s the Carr family's company started a night school for children who spent their days in the Carrboro mills. It soon closed because the pupils were too tired after work and had chores waiting at home.
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The Damascus Church School is built
A one-story frame school is built near Damascus Church southwest of Chapel Hill around 1910.
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The First Pentecostal Holiness Church of West Hillsborough is organized
A. G. Cannady, Charles Martin, R. S. Andrews and others organized a Pentecostal Holiness church in West Hillsborough, with Cannady as first pastor. Its 1953 building dated from 1948.
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The Freeland farmhouse and outbuildings are built on St. Mary's Road
A one-and-a-half-story Triple-A farmhouse with a wraparound porch, garages and a tractor shed went up together on a small hill above St. Mary's Road between about 1910 and 1920.
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The Laws Store is built at Laws Crossroads
A small store is built at Laws Crossroads near Caldwell around 1910. By 1993 it was abandoned and was all that remained of the crossroads.
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The Smith Level School is built for white children south of Carrboro
A frame one-and-a-half-story rural school with a front gable went up on Smith Level Road about 1910. It became a dwelling in the 1930s, which cost it much of its original character.
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The Strayhorn log cabin on Jones Ferry Road reaches its two-story form
Toney Strayhorn, born enslaved in Orange County, became a farmer and brick mason and in the late 1800s built a one-room log cabin on his tract. He and later his son William enlarged it until, by about 1910, it stood two stories high with a rear ell and big brick end chimneys that show the family's skill.
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The Student Council resigns after the faculty reinstates a student it expelled
The council quit when a faculty committee put back a student it had dismissed for stealing; Dean Graham negotiated a settlement that affirmed the council's authority but let its decisions be appealed to the faculty.
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The county board builds a new school for white children at Efland
The board sought a state loan of $750 for a new Efland building, chose a three-acre lot of Jordan land south of the railroad, and had the superintendent hire carpenters while patrons supplied the framing and free hauling from West Hillsboro depot. It paid Mary W. Jordan $246 for the land in 1911 and sold the old Efland schoolhouse to J. R. Riley for $50 in February 1912.
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The county counts 25 rural primary schools for Black children, eight of them log
The school board recorded 25 rural primary schools for Black children in 1910, all but one run by a single teacher; eight were log buildings and the rest frame. White children had high schools in Hillsboro and Chapel Hill and 42 rural primary schools.
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The school at University is burned, and the board offers a reward for the arsonist
Fire destroyed the school building in the University community in the fall of 1910, and on November 3 the board asked the state for a $700 loan to rebuild it. In April 1911 the board offered a $100 reward, if the law allowed, for conviction of whoever had set the fire.
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Thomas W. Strowd builds a two-story house on McCauley Street
At 220 McCauley Street, on lots he bought from David McCauley in 1901, Thomas Strowd built about 1910 a big frame Queen Anne house, hip-roofed, with a scallop-trimmed two-story bay and a porch that wraps around it, part of the wave of such houses in west Chapel Hill after 1900.
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Walter Clark helps teach the university's Summer Law School
Chief Justice Walter Clark assisted in the university's Summer Law School, which enrolled thirty-seven students.
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Hillsboro citizens meet to organize a library association
Townspeople met at the Club House to plan a Library Association, with Maj. John W. Graham in the chair and E. Marvin Lockhart as secretary. A committee was named to raise funds and a second meeting was called for February 2.
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Lloyd organizes a second mill company and builds a yarn mill
Thomas F. Lloyd organized the Thomas F. Lloyd Manufacturing Company in February 1910 and built a second mill across Main Street from the Alberta mill in 1910 and 1911 to spin cotton yarn.
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A Christian Church congregation is organized in Chapel Hill
The Christian Church congregation later called United Congregational Christian Church was organized in Chapel Hill and built its church in 1914.
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The county board auctions the sites of five abandoned schools
The Orange County Board of Education sold the grounds of the old Orange Church, Barbee, Cool Spring, Mill and Couch schools to the highest bidders, most of them neighbors of the sites, for sums between $5 and $20.
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A. A. Kluttz advertises his University Bookstore to students in the Tar Heel
The student paper's list of regular Chapel Hill advertisers included A. A. Kluttz, whose University Bookstore advertised shoes, hats, underwear, pictures and souvenirs. A dentist, Dr. William Lynch, advertised an office in the Kluttz Building.
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A county report finds no factory-made desks in any school for Black children
In the 1911-12 term seven of the 23 Orange County schools for Black children were log buildings. Eleven had homemade desks and the rest only benches; none had factory desks, while 28 of the 47 frame white schools did.
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A general store goes up at 113 North Churton Street, later a Chevrolet dealership
The two-story brick building at 113 North Churton Street, shown on the 1911 Sanborn map, is built as a general store, later houses a Chevrolet dealership and is now a bank. Its Colonial Revival storefront was likely added in the 1930s.
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Albert R. Ledoux endows a research fellowship in chemistry
Albert R. Ledoux, the first director of the state Agricultural Experiment Station when it was at the university, sent $5,000 in 1911 to set up a research fellowship in chemistry.
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An eighteenth-century house on West Margaret Lane is moved back from the street
A two-story frame house at 203 West Margaret Lane, possibly one of the town's earliest, stood flush with the lane on Sanborn maps from 1894 and was likely moved back to its present spot around 1911, when its wraparound porch was built.
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Andrew Henry Patterson becomes dean of the School of Applied Science
From 1911 Patterson was also dean of the university's School of Applied Science, a post he held until his death in 1928.
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Architecture critic Montgomery Schuyler publishes a review of the UNC campus
The New York critic compared the old Chapel Hill buildings with Harvard's, praised their open placement, dismissed the old Memorial Hall and found the new Beaux Arts buildings on McCorkle Place neither good nor bad. He counted it lucky that the university could afford only conventional architects.
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Eight new rural schoolhouses go up in Orange County in one school year
Lockhart's report for 1911-12 counted four new schoolhouses for white children and four for Black children, built for $4,515 in all. Seven Black schools still met in log houses, while no white school did.
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Graham proposes a faculty committee on university extension
The committee formed at Graham's urging started a high school debating contest and a statewide high school track meet that drew hundreds of students to Chapel Hill by 1913. President Venable gave it little support, seeing extension as a drain on teaching at home.
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Hillsborough's post office occupies a brick building at 118 West King Street
The 1911 Sanborn map shows the post office in the two-story brick building at 118 West King Street, with a barber on the second floor. The building was later cut down to one story and given a new front.
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Louis Round Wilson has a Craftsman house built on East Rosemary Street
Louis Round Wilson, the university librarian, had a large Craftsman-style house built at 607 East Rosemary Street in 1911, an early example of the Arts and Crafts mode in Chapel Hill.
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Richard W. Hogue secures a Self-Help Home for working students
By the 1911 commencement the Rev. Richard W. Hogue had secured a Self-Help Home to house students working their way through the university. The alumni gave him a rising vote of thanks.
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Robert W. Foister opens his first camera shop
Foister began selling cameras from a section of E. A. Brown's store. The shop moved several times in later years.
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Students start night classes for the Black men who served the dormitories
Asked for help by the young Black workers who cut firewood and carried water in the dormitories, students began teaching them reading and arithmetic in what were called moonlight schools. Under Frank Porter Graham at the campus YMCA the classes grew to take in history, English, writing, debating, home sanitation and the Bible.
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The Chapel of the Cross builds a new rectory and parish house
Under its rector, the Rev. Homer Worthington Starr, the Chapel of the Cross parish added a new rectory and a parish house to its East Franklin Street property.
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The Luther Craig farmhouse is built on Old Hillsborough Road
About 1911 an I-house was built in front of an older rear wing on the farm long known as Luther Craig's. In the 1930s a log house was brought over from a nearby farm to join its early barns.
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The Peabody Fund gives $40,000 for an education building
At the 1911 commencement Venable announced a $40,000 gift from the Peabody Fund trustees for a School of Education building. The legislature that year gave $87,000 a year for upkeep and $50,000 a year for four years for improvements.
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The Turner-Strudwick block is cut into house lots as the J. A. Hogan subdivision
The five-acre lot around the Turner-Strudwick House, bounded by Churton, Orange and Union streets, was divided into smaller lots as the J. A. Hogan subdivision, and houses later filled the land around it.
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The county board buys 2.46 acres from Mary E. Jordan for an Efland school
Early in Lockhart's term the board bought 2.46 acres at Efland from Mrs. Mary E. Jordan, paying $246, as the site for the Efland School.
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William J. 'Tank' Hunter runs a jitney between Chapel Hill and Durham
Hunter, who had bought W. W. Pickard's livery stable in 1910, began running a jitney from the Royal Cafe, a new store beside the post office, to Durham. By 1912 J. T. Durham and Swain Pendergraft ran competing services.
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UNC plays its first varsity basketball game
UNC defeated Virginia Christian 42–21 in Bynum Gymnasium in its first varsity basketball game.
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Venable is incorporated
The General Assembly incorporated the mill settlement west of Chapel Hill as the Town of Venable in an act ratified March 3, 1911, naming William H. Parker mayor and T. N. Mann, J. F. Ragan, T. A. Ray and J. F. Partin commissioners until the first election. The town, named for UNC president Francis P. Venable, became Carrboro in 1913.
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Bettie Jackson London publishes the design for the campus monument and appeals for the $7,500
Writing from Pittsboro as chairman of the UDC monument committee, Mrs. Henry A. London described the monument designed by the sculptor John Wilson, a soldier above a bronze tablet of the State calling a student from his books, and warned that the chapters had not met their pledges and the unveiling at the semicentennial commencement was in doubt.
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The Tar Heel reports the monument's unveiling put off from the 1911 commencement for want of funds
The paper reported that the UDC chapters had been unable to fulfill their pledges toward the $7,500, so the monument could not be unveiled at the June 1911 commencement, the fiftieth anniversary of the war's beginning, and would certainly be unveiled in 1912. It was in fact dedicated in June 1913.
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Alumni set up a General Assembly and plan an alumni monthly
On May 29, 1911, the alumni adopted a plan for a General Assembly of delegates from local associations, a Council of fifteen, and a magazine to be called the University of North Carolina Alumni Monthly. W. H. Swift went out as field manager to organize local groups.
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Governor Woodrow Wilson gives the commencement address
Woodrow Wilson, governor of New Jersey, spoke at the alumni luncheon and gave the 1911 commencement address in Memorial Hall, and the university made him a Doctor of Laws.
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The university grants diplomas to students who left for the Confederate army
The faculty and trustees voted to give A.B. diplomas to surviving students who had left their classes to join the Confederate army, and the war classes of 1861 to 1868 were called at the 1911 commencement.
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Thomas F. Lloyd, founder of Carrboro's first two mills, dies
Thomas F. Lloyd died in May 1911, close to the time his second mill, a one-story brick yarn mill a block south of the Alberta mill, was finished. A Confederate veteran with no schooling, he had built the gin, grist mill and flour mill by the depot before starting the Alberta mill in 1898.
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Samuel Paul Lockhart becomes superintendent of the Orange County schools
Lockhart, a Bingham and UNC student from the New Hope area, took over the county schools in August 1911 and set to work with the board on new schoolhouses. He served until his cousin R. H. Claytor defeated him in 1917.
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The Noxall Bottling Works buys a lot near the Hillsborough depot for its plant
The Noxall Bottling Works, newly chartered under state law with its headquarters at Hillsborough, bought a lot near the Southern Railway station and planned to run its plant there.
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The county board agrees to pay half the cost of new schoolhouses built by local districts
At its meeting of October 10, 1911, early in Lockhart's term, the board planned new schoolhouses in several districts, the county paying half the cost and each community raising the other half.
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Alphonso McDade sells the McDade House to his daughter and son-in-law
McDade sold J. E. Merritt and his wife Minnie, McDade's daughter, the West Franklin Street house they had been renting for years.
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Alumni begin publishing the Alumni Review
The alumni launched the Alumni Review, issued monthly during the college year, with Dean Edward Kidder Graham as an associate editor; his piece in the first issue memorialized his teacher Thomas Hume.
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David K. Blackwood is moved from a family burying ground to New Hope churchyard
In 1912 the remains of David K. Blackwood, who had died in 1859, were taken from the family graveyard and reburied at New Hope Presbyterian Church. His marble headstone records the move.
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Dr. Braxton Bynum Lloyd begins practicing medicine in the Chapel Hill community
A Chapel Hill native with an M.D. from the University of North Carolina (1909) and three years at the Newark Eye and Ear Infirmary, Lloyd began a medical practice in the community that lasted until his death in 1947.
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Dr. C. M. Hughes builds a Colonial Revival house in Cedar Grove
Dr. C. M. Hughes's large two-story frame house in Cedar Grove, with a high hip roof, a cutaway bay and a columned wraparound porch, was built in 1912.
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Durham Hosiery Mills nearly doubles Mill No. 4
In 1912 the company added a two-story extension to the west end of the old Alberta mill, enlarged the one-story south wing as an office with a hooded entrance, and put up a new power house northeast of the reservoir. Orders for cotton hosiery had outgrown the building.
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Graham joins the student county clubs into a civic association
Dean Graham revived the clubs of students from the same county, which nearly half the student body joined after Rand's death, and federated more than a dozen of them as the North Carolina Civic Association of the University, urging members to study conditions at home.
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Harriet Cole's house is moved to clear a site for a public school
Mrs. Harriet Cole's house was moved several hundred feet east along West Franklin Street to make room for a planned public school.
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Hillsborough merchant "Dr." Durham has a Craftsman bungalow built on West Tryon Street
About 1912 a downtown general merchant named Durham, known in town as "Dr. Durham" though he was not a physician, had a large one-and-a-half-story bungalow built for himself at 110 West Tryon Street. Its wraparound porch has ogee-arched spans between the columns.
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Ira Rogers builds a hip-roofed farmhouse northwest of Hillsborough
Tobacco farmer Ira Rogers built himself a plain, square, hip-roofed farmhouse northwest of Hillsborough in 1912, with tapered porch posts and grouped windows.
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John L. Efland starts a hosiery mill at Efland
Efland's first hosiery plant, opened by John L. Efland in 1912, first made half hose and later full-fashioned stockings. Relatives' later mills grew from it.
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Louis H. Hackney opens a school for Black students in Chapel Hill
Louis H. Hackney, minister of Rock Hill Baptist Church, opened Hackney's Industrial and Educational Institute, a private school for Black students on Merritt Mill Road in Chapel Hill.
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Students form the Greater Council and open honor code hearings to the public
Working with Dean Graham after Rand's death, students set up the Greater Council, with members from every class, to give them more voice on campus questions, and the Student Council began trying honor code charges in public with the accused facing their accusers.
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Summer School students perform the colonial play Esther Wake
In the summer of 1912 the Summer School for Teachers presented Esther Wake, a play by instructor Adolf Vermont about colonial North Carolina, on the steps of Smith Hall.
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The Bellevue mill runs 5,000 spindles and 200 looms making dress ginghams
Three years after it opened, the Bellevue mill had 5,000 spindles and 200 narrow looms weaving dress ginghams 27 and 32 inches wide, sold through agents in New York and New Jersey.
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The Villines log house is built north of Hillsborough
A one-room V-notched log house with a center door and a small loft window was built in 1912 on what is now SR 1546, north of Hillsborough in the Caldwell section of the county; the year is carved into its rock chimney. It shows log building for tenants and laborers lasting into the twentieth century.
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The two-story brick building later the Smith Furniture Store is built at 126 West King Street
A two-story brick commercial building with mousetooth corbelling at the parapet was built at 126 West King Street around 1912. The document calls it the Smith Furniture Store.
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The university names a new McCorkle Place residence hall for Kemp Plummer Battle
In 1912 the university named a new residence hall on McCorkle Place for Battle, its president from 1876 to 1891. It was one section of a three-part dormitory whose other sections honored J. Johnston Pettigrew and Zebulon B. Vance.
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The university razes the old Central Hotel to build dormitories
The university bought the old Central Hotel from Dr. Roberson's estate, tore it down in 1912, and built the Vance, Battle and Pettigrew dormitories on the site.
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Union Baptist Church becomes Venable Baptist Church
Once the Methodists stopped meeting there around 1910, the chapel was known as Union Baptist Church. In 1912 the congregation took the name of the newly incorporated town of Venable.
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Wade's Temple is organized at Efland
Wade's Temple, a United Holy Church congregation at Efland, was organized in 1912 with George Wade as first pastor and built its church in 1915.
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Work begins on an education building on Cameron Avenue
In 1911-12 the university began a building for the Department of Education on Cameron Avenue next to Commons Hall, paid for with the Peabody Fund gift.
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Orange County voters approve $250,000 in road bonds
Under a 1911 local act, the county voted 919 to 831 to borrow for grading and macadamizing its roads, with a nine-member good roads commission to pick them. The bonds, sold about a year later at 5 percent for 40 years, were the county's first and left a debt not cleared until 1953.
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Sophomores besiege a freshman cottage and fire a pistol into a room
After a class banquet a crowd of sophomores surrounded a university-owned cottage where freshmen lived, threw rocks at one room and fired a shot into it when the freshmen would not come out. Neither a faculty committee nor the Student Council could name the culprits until the inquiry into Isaac William Rand's death that fall.
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The medical building, Caldwell Hall, is dedicated
On May 8, 1912, the university opened its new medical building and named it Caldwell Hall for its first president. Dr. Richard H. Lewis presented it for the trustees, and Venable and Dean Isaac H. Manning accepted it.
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The Orange Trust Company is organized at Hillsborough
A Hillsborough real estate and insurance firm, the Hillsboro Real Estate and Improvement Company, took the new name Orange Trust Company, with H. W. Webb as president. It planned to buy and sell land, lend money and sell insurance, with $11,000 in paid-in stock.
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Trustees split the secretary-treasurer office after Richard H. Battle's death
After Richard H. Battle, secretary and treasurer of the university, died on May 12, 1912, the trustees divided his office, required the treasurer to live in Chapel Hill, and abolished the office of bursar. Julius A. Warren became treasurer.
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Abe and Annie B. Mebane sell a lot in west Hillsborough to the trustees of Mebane Chapel
For $25 the Mebanes sold a 30-by-40-foot lot at the corner of Union Street, opposite the later Central High School, to trustees Elisha Williams and Arthur Hood. The chapel was named in their memory.
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Freshman Isaac William Rand dies in a hazing incident on the athletic field
Taken from his Old East room near midnight by sophomores, the Smithfield freshman was made to stand on a barrel behind Bynum Gymnasium, fell onto broken glass that cut his carotid artery, and died within minutes on the gymnasium steps. Four students were arrested for manslaughter that day after a coroner's inquest, and Governor W. W. Kitchin demanded a full public investigation.
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Venable's faculty committee reports on the Rand death and the spring hazing
After questioning nearly fifty students, the committee gave the trustees a full account of the night Rand died and of the March attack on the freshman cottage. Sixteen more students were punished, four dismissed and twelve suspended for a year, and the trustees' executive committee in Raleigh turned down fathers' appeals.
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Orange County begins agricultural extension work
The commissioners put up $300 to match a state appropriation for extension work with farmers. The county dropped its share in December 1915 and revived the work during the war.
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Kappa Sigma breaks ground for a new fraternity hall on Fraternity Row
The Tar Heel reported in mid-October 1912 that ground had been broken for a new Kappa Sigma hall between the Zeta Psi and Pi Kappa Alpha houses. The building, later called the Evergreen House, is the only one of the original Fraternity Row houses still standing.
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A Chapel Hill conference turns football coaching and finances over to an alumni committee
Three weeks after a 66-0 Thanksgiving loss to Virginia, students, alumni and faculty agreed that alumni would clear the Athletic Association's debts and hire professional coaches under a new alumni-run General Athletic Committee, while the faculty kept control of eligibility. Weeks later the committee gave Thomas Trenchard a three-year contract.
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A Colonial Revival house is built for businessman Junius Webb on Pittsboro Street
The two-story house at 302 Pittsboro Street, with a deep hip roof, hipped dormer and wraparound classical porch, was built for Junius Webb about 1913.
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A YMCA lecture series on Black life in the South is held for students
Frank Graham and the campus YMCA organized lectures on 'Negro life in the South.' Professor Harry W. Chase told students that Black citizens were a third of the population but received a sixteenth of school spending, and that what they did not pay in property taxes they made up in fines. A second series was held five years later.
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A new wood-frame railroad station is built in Carrboro
The depot that still stands beside Carr Mill was built around 1913, replacing the earlier West End stop that had drawn settlement to the end of the line.
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Bank cashier C. B. Griffin builds a house on McCauley Street
C. B. Griffin, a bank cashier, built the two-story frame I-house at 214 McCauley Street in or about 1913. It has a two-story rear ell and a full-width front porch.
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Barbara Bynum Henderson of Chapel Hill becomes president of the Equal Suffrage League of North Carolina
Barbara Bynum Henderson, wife of UNC professor Archibald Henderson, organized the Equal Suffrage League of North Carolina and was elected its president, bringing the woman suffrage campaign to Chapel Hill. She was reelected unanimously in 1915.
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Carl Durham begins work at Eubanks Drug Store in Chapel Hill
Carl Durham, born in 1892 in the White Cross community of Orange County, went to work at Eubanks Drugstore in Chapel Hill in the summer of 1913. He qualified as a pharmacy apprentice by 1916, studied pharmacy at UNC, served in the Navy Hospital Corps in 1918 and came back to Eubanks as a pharmacist.
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Carr Methodist Church is organized
Carr Methodist Church was organized in 1913 and built a church in 1915.
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Edward Kidder Graham serves as acting president while Venable is in Europe
Graham, head of the English department and dean of the College of Liberal Arts at Chapel Hill, acted as president in 1913 during President Francis P. Venable's absence in Europe.
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Edwin Greenlaw joins the UNC faculty
Greenlaw, a Renaissance scholar, came to the University of North Carolina in the fall of 1913 at the age of 39.
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Mebane Chapel is organized in Hillsborough
Mebane Chapel, a United Holy Church congregation in Hillsborough, was organized in 1913 and built a 250-seat church the next year.
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Moorefields is advertised for public sale and leaves the Moore family
After more than a century with Alfred Moore's descendants, Moorefields was advertised for public sale, and its later owners were not Moore relatives until 1949.
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R. B. Mason's land west of the Bellevue mill is platted as the West Hill Property
To meet the need for workers' housing near the two mills, Mason's holdings were laid out in 1913 as a grid of roughly equal lots, bounded by the Bellevue mill village, Eno Street and the railroad, West Hill Street, and Mount Willing Road (later King Street). Most houses there went up from the 1920s to the 1940s, and the section beyond West Hill Avenue was platted in the 1930s.
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Smallpox breaks out on the campus
In the last weeks of the 1912-13 term President Venable had to deal with an outbreak of smallpox at the university, one of the worries of the year that led him to seek leave.
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Strowd's Garage opens in Chapel Hill as the first garage in Orange County
A plate caption identifies Strowd's Garage in Chapel Hill, pictured about 1913, as the county's first garage.
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Swain Hall is built as the university dining hall
The university built Swain Hall in 1913 and 1914 as a dining hall on the site of the first president's house and named it for David L. Swain. It served as the dining hall until 1940 and later became the first home of the communications department.
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The Braxton Craig House on McCauley Street is sold to E. G. Norwood
In 1913 the builders of the house at 224 McCauley Street sold it to E. G. Norwood.
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The Cedar Grove pharmacy where Dr. C. M. Hughes practiced is moved beside his house
The early 1900s pharmacy building at the Cedar Grove crossroads, where Dr. Claude M. Hughes kept his medical practice, was moved in 1913 to the lot east of his new house so a three-story flour mill could go up on its site. The mill burned about 1931.
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The Chapel Hill Community Club runs an improvement contest in a Black neighborhood
Susan Moses Graham and the Community Club, with YMCA students under Frank Porter Graham, organized a project in an African American neighborhood at the edge of town, giving prizes for the cleanest house, the cleanest yard and the best fence.
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The General Assembly makes hazing a crime
After the outcry over Rand's death the 1913 legislature outlawed hazing; the same session gave the university enough to keep growing and money for a new dining hall.
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The School of Education is established with M. C. S. Noble as dean
The university formally established its School of Education as a professional school in 1913, with M. C. S. Noble as dean. He held the post until 1921 and kept teaching until he retired in 1934.
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The first president's house is moved off the Swain Hall site and becomes a private home
When Swain Hall was built in 1913 at Cameron Avenue and South Columbia Street, the 1795 house built for the university's president was moved from the corner and reused as a private dwelling.
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The new School of Education building is dedicated
Before the 1913 commencement Venable presided at the dedication of the building for the university's new School of Education, later called the Peabody Building.
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The university calls off its football game with A&M over eligibility
Disputes over A&M players who had played for Brown, Holy Cross and Georgetown and over paid assistant coaches on the field led Carolina to cancel the game, a step Graham accepted with reluctance.
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The university organizes a Bureau of Extension under Louis Round Wilson
Set up as Venable left for Europe in mid-1913 and run by university librarian Louis Round Wilson with no budget of its own, the bureau started programs to take the university's work into the state; the trustees endorsed it in January 1914.
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Venable is renamed Carrboro
A 1913 act of the General Assembly changed the name of the Town of Venable to Carrboro. Julian S. Carr, owner of the local mill since 1909, had asked UNC president Francis Venable's consent in January 1913, and the town's own history says Carr agreed to supply the community with electricity.
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The Lloyd yarn mill becomes Durham Hosiery Mill No. 7
The Thomas F. Lloyd Manufacturing Company mill was sold to Durham Hosiery Mills, which ran it as Mill No. 7 alongside Mill No. 4, the former Alberta mill.
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The Blanche Hosiery Mill Company is chartered again with $100,000 in authorized capital
Four years after Julian Carr's company bought the first Blanche mill, W. E. Lindsay, Blanche Gilbert Lindsay and W. S. Robertson took out a new charter for the Blanche Hosiery Mill Company. By late April its new plant was finished, with 58 knitting machines and work for about 40 hands.
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Three students are convicted in Hillsborough in Isaac William Rand's death
At the Orange County Courthouse one of the four defendants was freed after the first testimony, and a jury of Orange County farmers found the other three guilty within a few hours. The judge gave the minimum four months with the option of hiring them out, and their families paid the fees and took them home the same day.
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The Efland Hosiery Mills is incorporated at Efland
The Efland Hosiery Mills received a state certificate of incorporation with its principal office at Efland and an authorized capital of $50,000. By July the mill was reported nearly finished.
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Silent Sam
On June 2, 1913, the United Daughters of the Confederacy and UNC alumni dedicated a Confederate soldier statue in McCorkle Place, and Julian Carr's dedication speech boasted of whipping a Black woman. The monument drew decades of protest until demonstrators pulled it down on August 20, 2018.
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UNC's Confederate Monument is dedicated
On the second day of commencement Major H. A. London introduced Governor Craig; Mrs. London presented the monument to the trustees for the UDC, President Francis P. Venable accepted it for the university, and Julian S. Carr spoke for the students of 1861. Carr's speech, which praised the Confederate army and recounted his horsewhipping of a Black woman in the village in 1865, is the part now most remembered.
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Vice President Thomas R. Marshall gives the commencement address
Newly inaugurated with Woodrow Wilson, Marshall was the 1913 commencement speaker and stayed at the President's House because there was no decent hotel within fifteen miles of the campus.
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The Hillsboro Building and Loan Association is organized in the back of the West End Drug Store
Six incorporators put up $5,500 to start the Hillsboro Building and Loan Association, with Charles H. Robertson as president and druggist C. M. Andrews as secretary-treasurer. Andrews took members' payments at his drug counter until 1926.
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Acting president Graham pledges to carry the university to the whole state
In his University Day remarks in Memorial Hall, Graham said the new Bureau of Extension would put the university in close touch with every problem of North Carolina life, a break with Venable's narrower view, and he answered charges that students cared mostly for football. Raleigh and Greensboro papers praised the idea the next day.
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Eugene C. Branson shows students how to survey their home counties
During a five-day stay as Graham's guest at Bulrushes, the Georgia rural sociologist led classes and seminars and coached the Johnston County club on gathering facts about illiteracy, tenancy, crops and the tax burden, a report meant to serve as the model for the other county clubs.
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Orange County begins registering births and deaths
The county's birth and death records are complete from October 1913, when registration began. By the 1950s the district health officer served as registrar and sent copies to the register of deeds and the state Bureau of Vital Statistics.
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John Laws dies after more than sixty years as register of deeds
Laws served as register of deeds and clerk to the county board from at least October 1849, apart from 1853 to 1855, until his death at 92.
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Graham proposes a statewide civic service week in a Charlotte speech
Closing Farm Life Week in Charlotte, the acting president called for a day of community self-study across North Carolina a year later, and Farmers Union president Henry Q. Alexander drafted a resolution asking the governor to back it. The book treats the speech as the moment the university openly took up the cause of farmers and wage earners.
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The Corporation Commission orders three railroad underpasses for the Durham-Greensboro highway in Orange County
Ruling on a petition from the Orange County Good Roads Commission against the Southern Railway, the Corporation Commission ordered the county to lower the Durham-Greensboro highway at three railroad crossings and the two sides to build 26-foot underpasses there. The county was to pay half to two thirds of each, and the railroad the rest, including the widening of an existing underpass.
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A two-story brick movie theater is built at 122 West King Street
A brick movie theater with a cable-hung marquee across its front and an upstairs projection booth was built at 122 West King Street around 1914. It is on the 1924 Sanborn map.
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A. J. Blackwood recruits Cora Oakley's family from Burlington to the Carrboro mills
In 1914 A. J. Blackwood, a Burlington neighbor lately made superintendent of Mill No. 4, drew Cora Oakley and her large family to Carrboro with slightly higher wages and a ten-hour day. Durham Hosiery Mills hired many experienced hands away from Burlington-area mills in this way.
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About 250 county citizens meet at the Hillsboro courthouse for Community Service Week
As part of the university's Community Service Week, some 250 citizens gathered at the Orange County courthouse in Hillsboro to take up the county's needs and hear President Graham speak on community service.
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An I-house front is added to the Lloyd family's log house on Dairyland Road
About 1914 a two-story frame front was built onto an older log section on the Lloyd place. Lemuel and Ola Cheek owned it for most of the century and ran it as a dairy farm.
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Andrew Henry Patterson builds a house on East Franklin Street
Patterson was one of several faculty members and townspeople who built new homes in the East Franklin Street residential district in these years.
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Carrboro Methodists build their first church
Organized in 1910 as a mission of the Chapel Hill Methodists, the congregation met in the public school until early 1914, when it built a plain frame church on the large lot east of the school, later the Britt Building site. From about 1900 the town's Methodists had shared Union Chapel with the Baptists.
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Clyde Eubanks moves his drugstore into a building of his own on Franklin Street
Clyde Eubanks put up a new building on his own lot, about a hundred yards west of the Tankersley-owned store he had rented, and moved Eubanks Drug Store into it. Robert Foister's camera shop took the old space.
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Cora Zeta Corpening enrolls as the university's first woman candidate for a medical degree
When the 1914-15 session opened, Cora Zeta Corpening of Mars Hill became the first woman to enroll at the university as a candidate for a medical degree.
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Edward Kidder Graham is elected president of the university
The board of trustees elected Graham president by unanimous vote in 1914, succeeding Francis P. Venable. He had been at Chapel Hill since 1899, first as librarian and then through the English department to the deanship.
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Fire damages the Alumni Building
A fire probably started by Joshua Gore's X-ray machine in the basement did about $1,800 in damage to the Alumni Building.
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Historian J. G. de Roulhac Hamilton commissions a house on North Street from N. C. Curtis
In 1914 J. G. de Roulhac Hamilton, head of the UNC history department and later founder of the Southern Historical Collection, had N. C. Curtis design a one-story house with a pyramid roof at 517 North Street. Two rooms were added in 1924.
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Isaac Emerson gives $25,000 for a new athletic field and stadium
Isaac Emerson of Baltimore, an 1879 graduate who made his fortune with Bromo-Seltzer, gave $25,000 for an athletic field and stadium. The field was under construction when students returned in September 1914 and was named Emerson Field for him.
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James Finch Royster leaves the university for the University of Texas
Royster, who had been teaching the journalism course Edward Kidder Graham created, left Chapel Hill for the University of Texas, one of the faculty Graham could not keep during his year as acting president.
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Marvin H. Stacy becomes permanent dean of the College of Liberal Arts
Graham had made Marvin Hendrix Stacy acting dean of the College of Liberal Arts during Venable's absence and made the post permanent at his first faculty meeting as president. Stacy, a civil engineering professor, handled student discipline and worked to replace written rules with reliance on student honor.
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Mebane Chapel builds its church in Hillsborough under its first pastor, B. F. Alston
A year after the United Holy Church congregation organized, it put up its chapel, seating about 200, with thirty-five members and Rev. B. F. Alston as first pastor.
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S. Berman opens a department store at Franklin and Columbia streets
Newly arrived in Chapel Hill, S. Berman started a department store on the southeast corner of Franklin and Columbia, where J. T. Durham had kept a general store. Berman's stayed on East Franklin for decades.
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Six students and the track trainer are arrested in a Chapel Hill craps game
The authorities found the floating game when a loser wrote a bad check; a few townspeople were arrested too, the faculty suspended the students, and the trainer resigned.
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State Forester John S. Holmes builds a shingled house on Glenburnie Street
John Holmes's wood-shingled house at 204 Glenburnie Street, with bargeboards and diamond-pane sash, is the only example in Chapel Hill of the Shingle Style that McKim, Mead and White developed for Newport summer cottages.
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Students improve Franklin Street and Battle Park during Community Service Week
During Graham's first statewide Community Service Week, about a hundred students worked on Chapel Hill: one crew graded Franklin Street under Joseph Hyde Pratt with teams paid for by merchants and bankers, others cleared the grounds around Swain Hall, cleaned the Battle Park trails under the Rev. W. D. Moss and gathered trash from the alleys.
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The Bank of Chapel Hill moves into a new building on Franklin Street
Short of room, the Bank of Chapel Hill moved into a new building just west of Clyde Eubanks's new drugstore, and a barbershop took over the space it left.
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The Bureau of Extension begins correspondence courses for credit
Under Louis R. Wilson, the university's new Bureau of Extension began organizing correspondence courses for credit during the 1914-15 term. It had already widened its free advice for teachers to help town officials with water systems and streets.
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The Ruffin-Hill tract on St. Mary's Road is sold to A. S. Mitchell, who divides it
In 1914 the 47 1/2-acre Ruffin-Hill tract, long the home of Mary Ruffin Hill and her husband Thomas Hill, was conveyed to A. S. Mitchell, who subdivided the land.
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Venable Baptist Church becomes Carrboro Baptist Church
In 1914, the year after the town was renamed for Julian S. Carr, the Baptist congregation changed its name again, to Carrboro Baptist Church.
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White Oak Grove Baptist Church is organized
Charles Wells and William Thompson were leaders of White Oak Grove Baptist Church, a Black congregation organized about 1914.
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Trustees approve asking the Rockefeller Foundation for a student building
After a sharp debate the board agreed to seek $50,000 from the Rockefeller Foundation, to be matched by $25,000 raised at home, for a student center to replace the crowded YMCA quarters. The plan fell through when word reached the foundation that some trustees objected to tainted money.
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Trustees create a chair of applied economics and rural sociology for Eugene C. Branson
Graham won approval to hire Branson at the top faculty salary of $2,500 and promised him a large office in the Peabody Building; Branson said he would come that fall and proposed starting a study of Orange County right away.
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Trustees put athletic rules in the faculty's hands
At their winter meeting the trustees adopted Graham's view that the faculty alone should make and enforce athletic rules, turning aside coach Trenchard's lobbying for the board to overrule faculty eligibility decisions.
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The first Good Roads Institute meets at Chapel Hill
State geologist and faculty member Joseph Hyde Pratt chaired the first Good Roads Institute held at Chapel Hill. The institute later became part of the university's extension program.
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Francis P. Venable resigns the presidency from London
Writing to the trustees from London, Venable resigned on his doctor's warning against another breakdown and asked to return to teaching chemistry. His letter reached board secretary Richard H. Lewis about the same time Graham got a personal note, which Graham called a great shock.
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Edwin Greenlaw heads UNC's English department
Appointed chairman of the English department in June 1914, Greenlaw built it from eight faculty members to 37 by 1925, when he left for Johns Hopkins.
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E. C. Branson takes up rural economics and sociology and starts the North Carolina Club
Eugene Cunningham Branson arrived in Chapel Hill in September 1914 as Graham's new professor of rural economics and sociology. He at once gathered the students' county clubs into the North Carolina Club to study conditions back home.
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The university assigns each freshman a faculty adviser
President Graham began a system of faculty advisers to help new students settle into university life, and fall 1914 was its first year. Albert Coates's adviser was Oliver Towles of romance languages.
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Branson's University News Letter publishes its first issue
E. C. Branson's University News Letter, a weekly one-page sheet packed with facts about North Carolina gathered by him and his students, first appeared in mid-November 1914 with a run of four thousand copies. Its items were widely reprinted by the state's papers, and circulation grew to fifteen thousand.
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Graham reports enrollment passing 1,000 students
Graham told the trustees in December 1914 that enrollment would pass 1,000, against 512 in 1900, and that counting summer students the university taught 1,578. The campus had grown from ten buildings in 1900 to two dozen.
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Carr Methodist Church builds its Gothic Revival frame church
Two years after organizing, the Carr Methodist congregation builds a modest frame church with Gothic Revival touches on NC 49 at Carr.
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Claude and Ola Neville build a foursquare farmhouse on their dairy farm
Claude Neville, a farmer who also kept a grocery in Carrboro, and his wife Ola built a two-story frame foursquare on Old Greensboro Road. A pegged frame kitchen from an earlier house on the land still stands behind it.
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Collier Cobb develops Cobb Terrace, Chapel Hill's earliest planned development
On gullied land he had bought, geology professor Collier Cobb brought in earth, laid out terraced lots and built eleven houses, several of them Aladdin mail-order kit houses, as rental housing for young professors. The development of just over 20 lots was complete by 1927.
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Contractor Charles Craige builds a gambrel-roofed bungalow for mason William Strayhorn
The house at 107 Jones Ferry Road was built for William and Margie Strayhorn beside the home of his father Toney, head of a family of brick masons. William died young in 1933; his daughter Laura and her husband Albert Reaves kept the house in 1983.
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Durham Hosiery Mills builds a house on West Main Street for its Carrboro superintendent
Some time between 1915 and 1925 the company built a one-and-a-half-story house with a tall hipped roof and Tuscan porch columns at 103 West Main Street for the head of its Carrboro mills; it was long thought the best house in town. Ralph Ward of Mill No. 4 lived there first and Floyd M. Durham of Mill No. 7 later, and Marvin J. Dawson bought it at the 1939 company sale.
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Durham Hosiery Mills builds its last group of mill houses on South Greensboro Street
Around 1915 carpenter John Squires built five houses on South Greensboro Street south of Carr Street, thought to be Durham Hosiery Mills' last housing project in Carrboro. The company then planted Lombardy poplars along the street, which was called Poplar Street until the diseased trees came down in the 1930s.
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Edwin Greenlaw becomes managing editor of Studies in Philology
Greenlaw took over the university's journal Studies in Philology in 1915 and reorganized it as a quarterly.
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Engineering professor T. Felix Hickerson builds a house on Battle Lane
T. Felix Hickerson, later author of a standard road-design textbook and the engineer who laid out Gimghoul and Laurel Hill, built a two-story weatherboarded house at 108 Battle Lane that pairs a classical entrance porch with a bay window and a sleeping porch.
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Eno Cotton Mill rents its village houses to workers for 25 cents a week
Owners Allen J. Ruffin and James H. Webb built a company village for their fast-growing workforce and in 1915 were renting the houses to employees for a quarter a week. The 1924 Sanborn map shows about 100 mill houses west and south of the mill.
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Flat Rock AME Church is organized
Flat Rock, an African Methodist Episcopal congregation, was organized about 1915 and built a 300-seat church in 1952.
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Flat Rock church builds its frame church at St. Mary's and New Sharon Church roads
Soon after the congregation formed in 1915, members of Flat Rock church built a one-story frame church in a plain Gothic style at the corner of St. Mary's and New Sharon Church roads, the center of one of two Black settlements that grew up along the road after emancipation.
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George Trice, who ran an oyster restaurant and shoe shop on Franklin Street, is buried in the Old Chapel Hill Cemetery
George Trice (1838-1915), an African American businessman who kept an oyster restaurant and a shoe repair shop on Franklin Street, was buried in the cemetery's Black section.
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Graham launches an Alumni Loyalty Fund
After the class of 1905 gave $1,000, Graham asked the trustees to back an alumni loyalty fund and turned the gift into a nationwide appeal for small yearly gifts from the university's roughly six thousand living alumni. It was a new idea to seek private money for a state institution, and the hoped-for sums never came.
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Margaret Berry becomes the first woman to graduate from UNC's law school
Margaret Berry of the Hillsborough Berry family, who had finished her UNC undergraduate degree in 1913, graduated from the university's law school in 1915, the first woman to do so. That summer she passed the state bar examination, listed as Margaret Kollock Berry of Orange.
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Mill worker Jesse Riggsbee builds his own house on South Greensboro Street
Riggsbee and his wife both worked for Durham Hosiery Mills but chose to build rather than rent from the mill or a speculator, and two relatives later built on adjoining West Carr Street lots. A humidifier mechanic, he lived there until his death in 1946.
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Some 250 high school debaters come to Chapel Hill for state finals
About 250 high school students came to the campus for the final rounds of the university's statewide debating union, one of Graham's means of tying the university to towns across the state. Topics included woman suffrage and public ownership of railroads.
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Southern Power Company builds a steam plant on the Eno near University Station
Duke's Southern Power Company built a coal-fired steam generating plant beside the Eno near University Station, a backup for its hydroelectric stations, with Fiske-Carter Construction Company holding the contract in 1915. By July 1916 the Eno steam plant was sending current as far as Charlotte while flooding shut down the company's river stations. Its power went to Durham's factories, not to Orange County.
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St. Paul's A.M.E. Church widens its sanctuary by one bay
A growing congregation led to the widening of the 1892 frame church. Brick veneer went on in the 1950s, but the belfry and steeple kept their original look.
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Student engineers wire the first campus telephone network
The electrical engineering laboratory rebuilt used telephones salvaged from a Durham textile mill to link the Alumni Building offices of the president, business manager, treasurer and registrar. Student engineers also put a radio antenna on New East to receive baseball scores.
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The 1880 brick building on the southwest corner of Franklin and Columbia is torn down
Judged unsafe, the brick building put up in 1880 at the southwest corner of Franklin and Columbia streets was razed. The Baptists later built their church on this corner.
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The 1915 General Assembly raises the university's appropriation
Graham's first legislative campaign won $115,000 a year for operations, against $95,000 before and the $125,000 he sought, plus $60,000 over two years for permanent improvements. Much of the building money went to pay for the University Inn property on Franklin Street and the land under Peabody Hall.
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The Order of Gimghouls buys a 95-acre tract east of campus
The land took in the Prospect Point overlook prized by 1880s member Edward Wray Martin, who had dreamed of a stone castle there. The order traded about a third of it to the university, sold 35 acres, kept a wooded site for the castle and developed the rest as the Glandon subdivision, now the Gimghoul neighborhood.
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The University Gymnasium Association votes to give Old Commons Hall to the university
Stockholders of the association that had owned the old ballroom, gymnasium and dining hall since 1885 voted at a meeting in Dr. R. H. Lewis's office to deed the building to the university. It was then used for class basketball games and, in 1917, for military drill.
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The old Cedar Grove one-teacher schoolhouse is moved to serve Black children
When Cedar Grove's white pupils moved to the new high school, the one-teacher schoolhouse was hauled to Baxter Thompson's land and used as a school for Black children.
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The old Episcopal rectory is said to be cut into sections and moved to North Street
Local tradition holds that around 1915 the Episcopal rectory, a two-room house of about 1850 later enlarged into an H shape, was sawn into pieces and moved to North Street, where the parts became the small houses at 408, 410 and 412.
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UNC gives James Sprunt an honorary doctor of laws
The university, where Sprunt served as a trustee, awarded him an honorary LL.D.
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William Howard Taft gives the first Weil lectures on American citizenship
Former president William Howard Taft spent three days in Chapel Hill as Graham's guest, giving a series of lectures on politics and the presidency. A photograph caption identifies the visit as the inaugural Weil Lecture on American citizenship.
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A. W. Clarke becomes Orange County's superintendent of roads
A 1915 act ended township road administration in Orange and put every county road under a superintendent. Clarke accepted $65 a month from March through November and $3 a day for winter work.
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Edward Kidder Graham is inaugurated president in Memorial Hall
A procession of about 1,400 marched to Memorial Hall, where Chief Justice Walter Clark gave Graham the oath and Governor Locke Craig presided. Graham's address cast the state university as the instrument of democracy. Three former presidents walked with him in the procession.
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