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Early twentieth century · 1900–1944
- 1900s
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J. G. de Roulhac Hamilton joins the UNC history faculty
Hamilton, born in Hillsborough and trained at Columbia under William A. Dunning, was appointed associate professor of history at the University of North Carolina. He served the university until he retired in 1951.
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John Sprunt Hill endows the North Carolina Collection
John Sprunt Hill gave the university library money for collecting historical and literary material about North Carolina, the start of what became the North Carolina Collection.
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Mount Bright Baptist Church is rebuilt
Three years after the fire, Mount Bright's members raised a new church; the Rev. Alvis Whitted was then the pastor. The congregation's present church on West Union Street dates from 1979.
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The Efland family opens an excelsior plant at Efland
The Efland family founded one of North Carolina's first excelsior, or wood wool, plants at Efland in 1906, with Mack P. Efland as manager. By 1911 the Orange Manufacturing Company was listed as an excelsior maker at Efland.
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The Graham family gives up the Nash-Hooper House
The family of former governor William A. Graham, who bought the West Tryon Street house about 1870, owned it until 1906. After that it passed through a number of families.
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The new chemistry building is completed and Person Hall goes to medicine
The university spent $45,000 of the state grant on a chemistry building that held three times as many students as the old one. The rest refitted Person Hall, the old chemistry building, for the Medical Department and New East for biology.
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The school board helps Chestnut Ridge Institute after its dormitory burns
Taking account of the loss of its dormitory building by fire, the board paid Chestnut Ridge Institute the $15 balance owed for painting, patrons having raised $37.
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A storm damages the corner of Franklin and Columbia streets in Chapel Hill
A photograph in the book's plates shows storm damage at Franklin and Columbia streets on January 26, 1906.
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Charles E. Maddry marries Emma Parker at Hillsborough Baptist Church
The former pastor Charles E. Maddry married Emma Parker, daughter of church members T. B. and Penelope Parker, in the Hillsborough Baptist church. Hight C. Moore and the pastor A. C. Hamby performed the ceremony.
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The trustees agree to buy the old hotel near the campus
At their June 1906 meeting the trustees agreed to buy the old Eagle Hotel, later the Chapel Hill Hotel and then the University Inn, for $19,700 to use for dormitories. The two-acre lot had sold for $200 in 1792. W. W. Pickard kept the hotel until early 1908, when the University put Addison Lambeth in charge.
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A freshman shoots a sophomore during a hazing attack
Set upon by three sophomores as he crossed the campus, a freshman pulled a pistol and shot one of them, who was gravely wounded but survived. It was the most serious hazing case at the university before Isaac William Rand's death in 1912.
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A Colonial Revival house is built on West King Street for merchant B. B. Forrest
A large two-and-a-half-story Colonial Revival house was built around 1907 at 176 West King Street for B. B. Forrest, who ran a general store. It first appears on the 1911 Sanborn map.
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A new president's house is completed
The university finished a new residence for its president in 1907 at a cost of about $15,000, on high ground in Chapel Hill.
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Attorney Frank Nash inherits the old Strudwick office and makes it his office and home
Frank Nash inherited the former Strudwick medical and law office at 139 West King Street and used it as both his law office and his home. It has been a private house since 1924.
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Education professor M. C. S. Noble takes a Queen Anne house on West Cameron Avenue
The two-story frame Queen Anne house at 214 West Cameron Avenue, with a front gable and wraparound porch, is believed to have belonged about 1907 to Marcus Cicero Stephens Noble, later dean of the School of Education.
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Geologist Joseph Hyde Pratt builds a Colonial Revival house on East Franklin Street
Joseph Hyde Pratt, UNC professor of economic geology and later state geologist, builds a two-story Colonial Revival house set well back on a large lot on East Franklin Street. Pratt also built several other houses on that part of the street.
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James Finch Royster joins the university's English department
James Finch Royster came to the university's English department in the fall of 1907 and taught there for seven years.
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Maplewood Cemetery is started as a burial ground for Black Hillsborough
The cemetery on Corbin Street, west of the Town Cemetery, seems to have begun as a burial ground for Black residents about 1900 and may sit on an older Faucette family burying ground. The state cemetery census counts 207 graves, many marked only with fieldstones or not at all.
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N. W. Walker revives the UNC summer school
Walker, professor of secondary education since 1905, revived the university's summer school in 1907 and directed it for twenty-seven years. In 1921 he became acting dean of the School of Education.
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Occoneechee Lodge No. 299 of the Odd Fellows is chartered
The Independent Order of Odd Fellows chartered Occoneechee Lodge No. 299, which lasted until 1921.
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Sarah Kollock dies and the Nash law office stops serving as a music studio
The former Nash law office remained a music studio until the death of Sarah Kollock, the last of the teachers of the Nash and Kollock School.
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The Archer family builds a house on South Columbia Street that becomes a student boarding house
The Archer House went up on South Columbia Street in 1907, and Mrs. Joseph Archer ran it as a boarding house for University students. The University bought the house in the 1920s.
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The school board divides the Hillsboro district and orders a two-teacher school at West Hill
The board split the Hillsboro district and ordered a school with two teachers built at West Hill, the mill section west of town.
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The university football team's training table is set up at George Trice's restaurant
The athletic association's advisory committee decided to set up a training table for as many as eighteen football players at George Trice's restaurant, under Dr. R. B. Lawson. Each player paid eleven dollars a month, about what the players had been paying for board, and the team manager paid the other seven.
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The university infirmary opens
A new infirmary with room for about twenty patients and an operating room came into use in 1907. It cost about $20,000 to build and equip.
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Walter W. Pickard builds a new Pickard Hotel at Franklin and Pine streets
After the old hotel he had leased passed to the university, Pickard and his wife built a new seventy-five-room Pickard Hotel on the northwest corner of Franklin and Pine streets.
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S. T. Forrest buys out his partners in S. T. Forrest & Co. at Efland
The Efland firm of S. T. Forrest & Co. was dissolved by mutual consent. Partners C. C. Taylor and Charles L. Boggs sold and assigned their whole interest to Stephen T. Forrest.
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The University Dramatic Club stages a student show
On May 1, 1907, the University Dramatic Club acted a student-written show with a mock sermon and a burlesque faculty meeting. L. W. Parker was the club president.
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Frank Nash serves as mayor of Hillsborough
During Nash's four years as mayor the town laid its first concrete sidewalks, and plans for a public library began to take shape.
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Masons lay the cornerstone of the Carnegie library
On the Saturday of the 1907 commencement the Grand Lodge of Masons, led by Grand Master Francis D. Winston, laid the cornerstone of the new library built with Andrew Carnegie's gift. Construction had begun in October 1906.
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The campus YMCA building is dedicated
The new Young Men's Christian Association building was formally dedicated on the evening of June 2, 1907, after the YMCA sermon. Professor J. W. Gore presented it for the building committee and Dr. Richard H. Lewis accepted it for the trustees.
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Kemp P. Battle and Thomas Hume retire on Carnegie pensions
At the 1907 commencement President Venable announced the resignations of Kemp P. Battle, professor of history and former president, and Thomas Hume, professor of English, both placed on the Carnegie Foundation pension list.
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The Durham Recorder hails "Progressive Hillsboro" and the mill town at its depot
A Recorder article pointed to Hillsborough's new buildings, macadam roads and growing textile trade, and to a large mill that had raised a settlement around the depot called West Hillsboro. The authors think the mill meant was the Eno Cotton Mill, since Bellevue was not yet running.
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UNC's Carnegie Library opens
UNC's new library, built with a gift from Andrew Carnegie first offered in 1905 as $50,000 and later raised to $55,000, was finished in the summer of 1907 and opened to students that fall once its furniture arrived. It served as the main library until Wilson Library opened in 1929 and was renamed for John Sprunt Hill in 1931.
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The Oliver family takes over the Cedar Grove crossroads store
The Oliver family acquired the frame store the Allison family had built at the Cedar Grove crossroads in the 1880s. They kept it until C. H. Pender and his wife Irene Oliver took it over in the 1960s.
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A Queen Anne house is built on West King Street for Samuel Mallett Gattis
The two-story house at 158 West King Street was built for lawyer Samuel Mallett Gattis, former clerk of superior court and Speaker of the state House in 1903. The Gattis family also rebuilt the lot's old wellhouse that year.
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A house is built on Battle Lane for English professor Edward Kidder Graham and his wife Susan
English professor Edward Kidder Graham, later president of the university, and his wife Susan Williams Moses Graham build a shingled two-story house at 115 Battle Lane that mixes Colonial Revival and Craftsman details.
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Allen J. and Annie Gray Ruffin buy the James A. Cheek House
The Cheek family, owners since about 1875, sells the Italianate house at 219 North Churton Street to Allen J. and Annie Gray Ruffin in 1908. Annie Gray Ruffin, by then a widow, sold it to Houston J. Walker in 1919.
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Andrew Henry Patterson becomes the university's professor of physics
Andrew Henry Patterson, an 1891 graduate of the university, came from the University of Georgia in 1908 to be professor of physics and held the chair for the rest of his life.
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Botanist William C. Coker builds his house at The Rocks
At The Rocks, his estate north of the village (now 609 North Street), botanist William Coker built a stuccoed two-story house raised on a high stone base, with wide eaves and a fieldstone wainscot. Little finds it the nearest thing in Chapel Hill to Frank Lloyd Wright's Prairie houses; its architect is unknown.
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C. M. and W. H. Andrews take over the West End Drug Company in West Hillsboro
Two Chapel Hill natives, C. M. and W. H. Andrews, bought the West End Drug Company, a drug store with a soda fountain serving the mill families of West Hillsboro. C. M. Andrews ran it until he left town in 1926.
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E. M. Highsmith becomes the first superintendent of the Chapel Hill schools
The book's list of Chapel Hill school superintendents begins with E. M. Highsmith, 1908 to 1910. Chapel Hill ran its schools as a separate unit under a special legislative charter.
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Eno Methodist Church is founded in West Hillsborough
Eno Methodist Church began with services upstairs in the Eno Cotton Mill's company store; in 1908 Allen Ruffin gave land in West Hillsborough and the frame church went up. It had 147 members in 1953.
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Nannie Roulhac remodels the Ruffin house
Mrs. Nannie Russell Roulhac remodeled the house after buying it, though the main block kept its 1830 form.
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Nonfraternity juniors elect a fraternity man class president and hold an open junior prom
Frank Porter Graham helped rally the nonfraternity majority of his class to elect a fraternity member as president on merit, breaking a long custom, and the class held a junior promenade open to every man in it.
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Paul C. Collins serves on the vestry of St. Matthew's Episcopal Church
Paul C. Collins sat on the vestry of St. Matthew's Church in Hillsborough from 1908 and retired as senior warden in 1957, one of the small group of families from whom the vestry was long drawn.
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The Carrboro Public School is built on West Main Street
The one-story frame school at 114 West Main Street replaced the first school, held in a Center Street mill house, and taught seven grades under Mr. McDuffie, also the Baptist pastor. After the graded school opened late in 1921 it became the Methodist parsonage, serving until 1955.
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The Eno Methodist congregation builds its church on land given by Allen Ruffin
The congregation formed for Eno Cotton Mill workers first met in an upper room of a mill building. In 1908 it moved into a simple front-gabled frame church with pointed-arch windows and a small belfry, on land Ruffin donated facing the mill across the railroad tracks.
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The John Calvin McNair lectures on science and religion begin
The lecture fund left by John Calvin McNair of the class of 1849 became available in 1906 from the sale of his plantation, and the first McNair lectures were given in 1908 by Francis H. Smith of the University of Virginia.
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The county board builds the first room of Carr School for $300
Carr School in northwest Orange County, a gable-roofed weatherboarded schoolhouse, went up in 1908 with one room costing $300. The nomination names it among the few surviving frame schools the county built for Black children; it stands long vacant.
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The detached kitchen at the Nash-Hooper House is torn down
The nineteenth-century frame kitchen that had stood a few steps east of the Nash-Hooper House since 1819 was demolished.
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The university adds a new athletic field and tennis courts
By University Day 1908 the university had laid out a new athletic field for about $1,000 and built more tennis courts, and a new dissecting hall was in use.
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The university opens Davie Hall for botany and zoology
Ordered by the trustees in June 1907 and begun late that year, the university's new building for botany and zoology, named William R. Davie Hall, was finished for the fall 1908 session. It was renovated and expanded in 1967.
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Thomas A. Corbin reopens the old Occoneechee Hotel as the Corbinton Inn
After D. C. Parks sold the Occoneechee Hotel early in 1908, Thomas A. Corbin reopened it on West King Street as the Corbinton Inn. The inn kept that name until 1946, when it became the Colonial Inn.
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UNC sets up a separate botany department with Coker as its chair
By 1908 William C. Coker, who had come to the university as an associate professor in 1902, was a full professor and chair of the newly established Botany Department, housed in Davie Hall.
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UNC trustees approve the United Daughters of the Confederacy's request to build a Confederate monument on the campus
The board of trustees approved a request from the North Carolina Division of the UDC for a monument on the campus. President Francis P. Venable took part in the planning and fund-raising and later committed university money when UDC and alumni contributions fell short.
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William D. Hogan builds a frame I-house on Homestead Road
In 1908 a small two-story frame house was built for William D. Hogan near Calvander. It was still well kept in 1992, with two later outbuildings.
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Faculty members organize the Chapel Hill Country Club
About forty-five people, mostly university faculty, organized a country club and rented a house and several acres at the edge of Chapel Hill, laying out golf links and tennis courts. Joseph Hyde Pratt chaired its board of governors.
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D. C. Parks sells the Occoneechee Hotel and it closes
David C. Parks sold the Occoneechee Hotel in Hillsborough to Thomas A. Corbin of Winston-Salem, and the hotel was closed to the public while the new owner was ill.
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Joshua W. Gore, professor of physics and dean, dies
Joshua Walker Gore, professor of physics and dean of the university, died on April 9, 1908. A memorial service followed on May 10, and alumni later gave his portrait for the library.
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Chapel Hill holds a memorial service for Cornelia Phillips Spencer
Cornelia Phillips Spencer died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on March 11, 1908. On May 17 the university held a service in her memory in Gerrard Hall, opening with the hymn she wrote for the 1875 reopening.
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Thomas Wingate Andrews is elected superintendent of the Orange County schools
When Hocutt resigned to give full time to church work, the board on June 1, 1908 elected T. Wingate Andrews, a new UNC graduate and grandson of the Calvander schoolmaster Calvin Andrews, to fill the unexpired term; he took office that October. He served until 1911 and prepared the county's ten-year school report for 1900-1910.
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The university creates a School of Applied Science with Charles H. Herty as dean
At the 1908 commencement President Venable announced that the trustees had made Charles H. Herty dean of the School of Applied Science and James E. Latta professor of electrical engineering.
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Edward Kidder Graham marries Susan Williams Moses at the Chapel of the Cross
Moses, a daughter of school reformer Edward Pearson Moses, had studied at the university from 1898 to 1901 and headed Latin and Greek at Sweet Briar College; the reception was on the porch of Eben Alexander's house next door. The couple lived at Bulrushes, a shingled house at the east edge of the campus that Graham and Louis Graves had built on a lot they bought.
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Efland Presbyterian Church is organized
Presbyterians at Efland organized a church and built a 150-seat building in 1910.
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Eno Cotton Mill is enlarged and adds gingham
In 1909 the Hillsborough mill was expanded again and began weaving gingham alongside chambray and plaids. Some yarn was still sold unwoven until the First World War.
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Estelle Ray builds a two-story house on Oak Avenue and takes in boarders
The Ray-Upchurch House at 301 Oak Avenue went up in 1909, likely with help from Estelle Ray's carpenter son and other relatives who later worked on the Lloyd yarn mill. For almost fifty years Ray, and after her, her daughter Bedie Upchurch, let rooms there to boarders.
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Gerrard Hall is refitted and daily chapel resumes for every undergraduate
With money Venable got from the legislature, Gerrard Hall's interior was renovated so that all undergraduates fit, and Dean Graham set a half-hour program before noon with ministers, faculty, trustees and other guest speakers. Upperclassmen had been excused from chapel for want of seats.
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Hillsborough Township issues $40,000 in bonds for macadam roads
Under a 1901 state act, Hillsborough was the only Orange township to vote road bonds, floating $40,000 to build a few miles of macadam road. When the county sold its own road bonds in 1913, the township was repaid half.
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Nannie Roulhac dies and her son William Sterling Roulhac inherits the Ruffin house
At the death of Nannie Russell Roulhac the house and block passed to her son, William Sterling Roulhac.
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Shepperd Strudwick builds the Bellevue cotton mill on South Nash Street
The Bellevue Manufacturing Company's mill went up in 1909 west of South Nash Street, a short way beyond the town line of the day, backed by local investors and staffed by people leaving farm work. By 1912 it ran 5,000 spindles and 200 narrow looms.
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Students form the University Council to run the honor system
In 1909-10 the University Council, made up of class presidents and elected student members, was set up as the head of the honor system. It looked into cheating, drunkenness and gambling and asked guilty students to leave the university.
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Venable names Edward Kidder Graham dean of the College of Liberal Arts
At 32 the youngest of the senior faculty, Graham took over the English department and replaced Eben Alexander, who was given a year's leave, as dean, with first responsibility for student discipline.
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Woodrow Wilson speaks in Gerrard Hall on Robert E. Lee's centennial
On January 19, 1909, the university marked the hundredth birthday of Robert E. Lee in Gerrard Hall, with Princeton president Woodrow Wilson as the speaker.
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The legislature creates the Chapel Hill Graded School District
An act ratified February 26, 1909 created the Chapel Hill Graded School District, with a special school tax and six trustees, among them Charles H. Herty and N. W. Walker, who ran its schools free of the Orange County board. Voters had to approve it in May; the city school system dates its founding to 1909.
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Julian Carr's Durham Hosiery Mills buys the Alberta Mill
In early February 1909 Julian S. Carr and his sons closed a deal for both the Alberta Cotton Mill that Thomas F. Lloyd had built at West End and the Blanche Hosiery Mill, to change hands on April 1 and run together as Durham Hosiery Mills' Mill No. 4. The deeds were recorded in March.
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Shepperd Strudwick is president of the Hillsboro Clay Manufacturing Company
Besides the Bellevue mill and the Bank of Orange, Shepperd Strudwick headed the Hillsboro Clay Manufacturing Company, according to the Orange County Observer.
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Alumni pledge forty-one endowed scholarships
At the 1909 alumni luncheon, classes and local alumni groups promised to endow forty-one scholarships of $1,000 each. Julian S. Carr gave five named for J. Johnston Pettigrew for sons of Confederate soldiers, and Edgar Love two named for Cornelia Phillips Spencer.
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The Pickwick, a moving-picture theatre, opens on Franklin Street next to Brockwell's building
The Pickwick, a theatre for moving pictures and musical acts, opened to the public in late November 1909 in a new building on Franklin Street, the first door east of Brockwell's building. Students filled it from the first week.
- 1910s
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A cluster of Craftsman bungalows goes up at Eno Crossroads
Several Craftsman bungalows with shed dormers and knee braces are built at Eno Crossroads on US 70 between the 1910s and the early 1920s, the survey's example of how fast the style took hold.
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About one in four Black farmers in Orange County own their land
State labor figures for 1910 counted 144 landowners among the county's 576 Black farmers. Most of the rest worked as laborers or sharecroppers.
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Banker Paul Collins builds a Queen Anne house on North Churton Street
Banker Paul Collins builds the house at 312 North Churton Street about 1910 as a family home and a summer residence for his aunt from Edenton. It was later the longtime home of Edwin Lynch, clerk of superior court.
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Black-owned town lots in Chapel Hill nearly double in ten years
The African American community's real estate grew from 98 lots in 1910 to 170 in 1920. The same passage names Black-owned barber, shoe repair, restaurant, grocery and pressing businesses of the late 1800s and early 1900s.
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Blacksmith Bennie Ray builds a two-story house on Weaver Street
With carpenter Thomas Clark, Ray built a cross-shaped two-story house at 301 Weaver Street, rare among Carrboro's early houses; his family still owned it in 1983. He ran a blacksmith shop on Lloyd Street with his brother Tom and son Atlas, who kept it going after Bennie died in 1933.
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Braxton Craig and partners build a small Queen Anne house on McCauley Street
Braxton Craig, W. L. Robertson and L. Lloyd are thought to have built the two-story Queen Anne house at 224 McCauley Street around 1910, apparently as a venture to sell.
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Brothers John and Page Couch add a frame front to a log house on Cornwallis Road
Around 1910 a small frame house was built onto the front of a one-room log house for the brothers John and Page Couch. A log barn and a log building that may have housed tenants stand behind.
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Carrboro Methodist Church is organized
Methodists in the mill village that became Carrboro organized a church in 1910 with W. A. Stanbury as first pastor.
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Carrboro businessman Miles Andrews builds a frame house on East Main Street
Miles Andrews, a Carrboro businessman and farmer, builds a one-story, hip-roofed frame house in the 100 block of East Main Street and lives there for many years. It was the only frame building on the block to survive the 1924 fire.
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Carrboro's business district shifts from Weaver Street to East Main Street
In the late 1910s the center of Carrboro's trade moved from the Weaver Street block by the Alberta mill to East Main Street. Some frame store buildings were hauled over from Weaver Street, and others were newly built on East Main.
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Charlie and Sophie Minor, Black farm owners, build a pyramidal cottage on NC 54
About 1910 Charlie and Sophie Minor had a hip-roofed frame cottage with tall inside chimneys built on their farm west of Carrboro. The report uses it to show the better-off farmhouse types that appear around that year; four frame outbuildings of different dates remain.
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Durham Hosiery Mills builds a two-story company house on New Hill for the Oakley family
The L-shaped house at 303 South Greensboro Street was one of three two-story houses for large families in the last group the mill built for Mill No. 7. The company recruited the experienced Oakleys from Burlington, whose men became superintendents and foremen, and Cora Oakley ran part of the house as a boardinghouse at 25 cents a room a week.
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Edward Arthur Brown opens a hardware and furniture store
E. A. Brown opened a large store just east of Sid L. Herndon's hardware store, selling hardware at first and soon furniture.
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Frank Nash serves as attorney for Orange County
Nash was the county attorney for four years, while also an elder of the Hillsborough Presbyterian Church and chairman of the county Democratic executive committee.
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Hillsboro Public Library is counted among North Carolina's early free public libraries
A 1954 history of North Carolina public libraries names the Hillsboro Public Library among the free public libraries established in North Carolina by 1910, fifteen in all. A later survey dates Hillsboro's library to 1910 in its list of the twenty-eight public, society and Y.M.C.A. libraries in the state's first library report.
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Jesse and Allie King build a two-story house on Old Greensboro Road
After living in the log house across Sesame Road, Jesse and Allie King built a frame I-house about 1910. It was remade in the Colonial Revival style in the 1940s; frame and log outbuildings remain.
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John Kenion's center-gable farmhouse is built north of Hillsborough
The Kenion House, a two-story farmhouse with a shingled front gable, pointed window heads and a bracketed porch, was built in 1910 for John Kenion, a farmer and Hillsborough banker. It stands in the Cedar Grove area.
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John Wilson begins designing UNC's Confederate monument
After the monument committee weighed competing designs, it chose Canadian sculptor John Wilson's design for the Confederate soldier statue planned for the UNC campus. Wilson began the work in 1910, using sixteen-year-old Harold Langlois of Boston as his model.
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Luther Sturdivant and Knute Mann plat Partridge Field for houses
In the late 1910s Carrboro businessmen Luther Sturdivant and Knute Mann laid out streets, blocks and lots on the open ground called Partridge Field, east of the railroad spur, and each built a bungalow there in the early 1920s. Few buyers followed them in the 1920s; most new builders chose wooded lots on Hillsborough Road.
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Marvin H. Stacy becomes professor of civil engineering
Stacy, a 1902 graduate who had stayed on to teach mathematics and taken a master's degree in 1904, went to Cornell for graduate study, then returned to teach civil engineering and was made professor in 1910.
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Mill houses go up for the Lloyd Manufacturing Company's workers
One-story frame houses with front porches were built between 1910 and 1915 as worker housing for the Thomas F. Lloyd Manufacturing Company; 25 of them form the Thomas F. Lloyd Historic District on the National Register.
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N. J. Cartmell takes charge of track athletics
N. J. Cartmell became the university's track coach in 1910. The team won the state meet in 1911 and 1912.
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Pleasant Green Methodist Church completes its present Gothic frame church
The congregation finished a steep-gabled frame church with Gothic windows and door in 1910, replacing the 1869 building.
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Six Orange County districts levy special taxes for graded schools for white children
In 1910 six school districts taxed themselves to build and run larger graded schools, all of them for white children only, while Black schools stayed in one-room buildings.
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St. Matthew's Episcopal Church builds its present rectory across St. Mary's Road
St. Matthew's built a one-and-a-half-story frame rectory on the triangular lot across St. Mary's Road from the church around 1910. The parish had owned the lot since 1869, and rectors have lived there since then.
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Student YMCA members run eight Sunday schools around Chapel Hill
In 1910-11 the university YMCA organized Sunday schools at Calvander, Clark's Chapel, Williams' Chapel, Ephesus, Mount Carmel, Orange Church, Rankin's Chapel and Smith's Level, enrolling 321 pupils.
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The Bellevue Commercial Block is built as West Hillsborough's shopping street
Five one-story brick buildings with seven storefronts on South Nash Street near the old depot became the West End business district for the mill village and West Hillsborough. Over the years they held a drug store, the Cates brothers' general store with a branch post office, a barber, a dry cleaner, a cafe and a movie theater.
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The Bellevue mill superintendent's house is built on South Nash Street
The two-story house built for the mill superintendent, with corbelled brick chimneys, a canted bay and a wraparound porch, is the most decorative early house in the surveyed area and stands out beside the plain mill houses next to it.
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The Blackwood family builds a grist mill on Millhouse Road
Around 1910 the Blackwoods built a small frame grist mill on a stone basement near Eubanks. It was made into a house in the 1950s.
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The Carrs open a night school for Carrboro children working in the mills
In the early 1910s the Carr family's company started a night school for children who spent their days in the Carrboro mills. It soon closed because the pupils were too tired after work and had chores waiting at home.
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The Damascus Church School is built
A one-story frame school is built near Damascus Church southwest of Chapel Hill around 1910.
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The First Pentecostal Holiness Church of West Hillsborough is organized
A. G. Cannady, Charles Martin, R. S. Andrews and others organized a Pentecostal Holiness church in West Hillsborough, with Cannady as first pastor. Its 1953 building dated from 1948.
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The Freeland farmhouse and outbuildings are built on St. Mary's Road
A one-and-a-half-story Triple-A farmhouse with a wraparound porch, garages and a tractor shed went up together on a small hill above St. Mary's Road between about 1910 and 1920.
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The Laws Store is built at Laws Crossroads
A small store is built at Laws Crossroads near Caldwell around 1910. By 1993 it was abandoned and was all that remained of the crossroads.
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The Smith Level School is built for white children south of Carrboro
A frame one-and-a-half-story rural school with a front gable went up on Smith Level Road about 1910. It became a dwelling in the 1930s, which cost it much of its original character.
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The Strayhorn log cabin on Jones Ferry Road reaches its two-story form
Toney Strayhorn, born enslaved in Orange County, became a farmer and brick mason and in the late 1800s built a one-room log cabin on his tract. He and later his son William enlarged it until, by about 1910, it stood two stories high with a rear ell and big brick end chimneys that show the family's skill.
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The Student Council resigns after the faculty reinstates a student it expelled
The council quit when a faculty committee put back a student it had dismissed for stealing; Dean Graham negotiated a settlement that affirmed the council's authority but let its decisions be appealed to the faculty.
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The county board builds a new school for white children at Efland
The board sought a state loan of $750 for a new Efland building, chose a three-acre lot of Jordan land south of the railroad, and had the superintendent hire carpenters while patrons supplied the framing and free hauling from West Hillsboro depot. It paid Mary W. Jordan $246 for the land in 1911 and sold the old Efland schoolhouse to J. R. Riley for $50 in February 1912.
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The county counts 25 rural primary schools for Black children, eight of them log
The school board recorded 25 rural primary schools for Black children in 1910, all but one run by a single teacher; eight were log buildings and the rest frame. White children had high schools in Hillsboro and Chapel Hill and 42 rural primary schools.
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The school at University is burned, and the board offers a reward for the arsonist
Fire destroyed the school building in the University community in the fall of 1910, and on November 3 the board asked the state for a $700 loan to rebuild it. In April 1911 the board offered a $100 reward, if the law allowed, for conviction of whoever had set the fire.
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Thomas W. Strowd builds a two-story house on McCauley Street
At 220 McCauley Street, on lots he bought from David McCauley in 1901, Thomas Strowd built about 1910 a big frame Queen Anne house, hip-roofed, with a scallop-trimmed two-story bay and a porch that wraps around it, part of the wave of such houses in west Chapel Hill after 1900.
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Walter Clark helps teach the university's Summer Law School
Chief Justice Walter Clark assisted in the university's Summer Law School, which enrolled thirty-seven students.
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Hillsboro citizens meet to organize a library association
Townspeople met at the Club House to plan a Library Association, with Maj. John W. Graham in the chair and E. Marvin Lockhart as secretary. A committee was named to raise funds and a second meeting was called for February 2.
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Lloyd organizes a second mill company and builds a yarn mill
Thomas F. Lloyd organized the Thomas F. Lloyd Manufacturing Company in February 1910 and built a second mill across Main Street from the Alberta mill in 1910 and 1911 to spin cotton yarn.
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A Christian Church congregation is organized in Chapel Hill
The Christian Church congregation later called United Congregational Christian Church was organized in Chapel Hill and built its church in 1914.
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The county board auctions the sites of five abandoned schools
The Orange County Board of Education sold the grounds of the old Orange Church, Barbee, Cool Spring, Mill and Couch schools to the highest bidders, most of them neighbors of the sites, for sums between $5 and $20.
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A. A. Kluttz advertises his University Bookstore to students in the Tar Heel
The student paper's list of regular Chapel Hill advertisers included A. A. Kluttz, whose University Bookstore advertised shoes, hats, underwear, pictures and souvenirs. A dentist, Dr. William Lynch, advertised an office in the Kluttz Building.
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A county report finds no factory-made desks in any school for Black children
In the 1911-12 term seven of the 23 Orange County schools for Black children were log buildings. Eleven had homemade desks and the rest only benches; none had factory desks, while 28 of the 47 frame white schools did.
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A general store goes up at 113 North Churton Street, later a Chevrolet dealership
The two-story brick building at 113 North Churton Street, shown on the 1911 Sanborn map, is built as a general store, later houses a Chevrolet dealership and is now a bank. Its Colonial Revival storefront was likely added in the 1930s.
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Albert R. Ledoux endows a research fellowship in chemistry
Albert R. Ledoux, the first director of the state Agricultural Experiment Station when it was at the university, sent $5,000 in 1911 to set up a research fellowship in chemistry.
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An eighteenth-century house on West Margaret Lane is moved back from the street
A two-story frame house at 203 West Margaret Lane, possibly one of the town's earliest, stood flush with the lane on Sanborn maps from 1894 and was likely moved back to its present spot around 1911, when its wraparound porch was built.
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Andrew Henry Patterson becomes dean of the School of Applied Science
From 1911 Patterson was also dean of the university's School of Applied Science, a post he held until his death in 1928.
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Architecture critic Montgomery Schuyler publishes a review of the UNC campus
The New York critic compared the old Chapel Hill buildings with Harvard's, praised their open placement, dismissed the old Memorial Hall and found the new Beaux Arts buildings on McCorkle Place neither good nor bad. He counted it lucky that the university could afford only conventional architects.
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Eight new rural schoolhouses go up in Orange County in one school year
Lockhart's report for 1911-12 counted four new schoolhouses for white children and four for Black children, built for $4,515 in all. Seven Black schools still met in log houses, while no white school did.
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Graham proposes a faculty committee on university extension
The committee formed at Graham's urging started a high school debating contest and a statewide high school track meet that drew hundreds of students to Chapel Hill by 1913. President Venable gave it little support, seeing extension as a drain on teaching at home.
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Hillsborough's post office occupies a brick building at 118 West King Street
The 1911 Sanborn map shows the post office in the two-story brick building at 118 West King Street, with a barber on the second floor. The building was later cut down to one story and given a new front.
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Louis Round Wilson has a Craftsman house built on East Rosemary Street
Louis Round Wilson, the university librarian, had a large Craftsman-style house built at 607 East Rosemary Street in 1911, an early example of the Arts and Crafts mode in Chapel Hill.
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Richard W. Hogue secures a Self-Help Home for working students
By the 1911 commencement the Rev. Richard W. Hogue had secured a Self-Help Home to house students working their way through the university. The alumni gave him a rising vote of thanks.
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Robert W. Foister opens his first camera shop
Foister began selling cameras from a section of E. A. Brown's store. The shop moved several times in later years.
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Students start night classes for the Black men who served the dormitories
Asked for help by the young Black workers who cut firewood and carried water in the dormitories, students began teaching them reading and arithmetic in what were called moonlight schools. Under Frank Porter Graham at the campus YMCA the classes grew to take in history, English, writing, debating, home sanitation and the Bible.
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The Chapel of the Cross builds a new rectory and parish house
Under its rector, the Rev. Homer Worthington Starr, the Chapel of the Cross parish added a new rectory and a parish house to its East Franklin Street property.
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The Luther Craig farmhouse is built on Old Hillsborough Road
About 1911 an I-house was built in front of an older rear wing on the farm long known as Luther Craig's. In the 1930s a log house was brought over from a nearby farm to join its early barns.
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The Peabody Fund gives $40,000 for an education building
At the 1911 commencement Venable announced a $40,000 gift from the Peabody Fund trustees for a School of Education building. The legislature that year gave $87,000 a year for upkeep and $50,000 a year for four years for improvements.
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The Turner-Strudwick block is cut into house lots as the J. A. Hogan subdivision
The five-acre lot around the Turner-Strudwick House, bounded by Churton, Orange and Union streets, was divided into smaller lots as the J. A. Hogan subdivision, and houses later filled the land around it.
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The county board buys 2.46 acres from Mary E. Jordan for an Efland school
Early in Lockhart's term the board bought 2.46 acres at Efland from Mrs. Mary E. Jordan, paying $246, as the site for the Efland School.
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William J. 'Tank' Hunter runs a jitney between Chapel Hill and Durham
Hunter, who had bought W. W. Pickard's livery stable in 1910, began running a jitney from the Royal Cafe, a new store beside the post office, to Durham. By 1912 J. T. Durham and Swain Pendergraft ran competing services.
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UNC plays its first varsity basketball game
UNC defeated Virginia Christian 42–21 in Bynum Gymnasium in its first varsity basketball game.
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Venable is incorporated
The General Assembly incorporated the mill settlement west of Chapel Hill as the Town of Venable in an act ratified March 3, 1911, naming William H. Parker mayor and T. N. Mann, J. F. Ragan, T. A. Ray and J. F. Partin commissioners until the first election. The town, named for UNC president Francis P. Venable, became Carrboro in 1913.
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Bettie Jackson London publishes the design for the campus monument and appeals for the $7,500
Writing from Pittsboro as chairman of the UDC monument committee, Mrs. Henry A. London described the monument designed by the sculptor John Wilson, a soldier above a bronze tablet of the State calling a student from his books, and warned that the chapters had not met their pledges and the unveiling at the semicentennial commencement was in doubt.
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The Tar Heel reports the monument's unveiling put off from the 1911 commencement for want of funds
The paper reported that the UDC chapters had been unable to fulfill their pledges toward the $7,500, so the monument could not be unveiled at the June 1911 commencement, the fiftieth anniversary of the war's beginning, and would certainly be unveiled in 1912. It was in fact dedicated in June 1913.
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Alumni set up a General Assembly and plan an alumni monthly
On May 29, 1911, the alumni adopted a plan for a General Assembly of delegates from local associations, a Council of fifteen, and a magazine to be called the University of North Carolina Alumni Monthly. W. H. Swift went out as field manager to organize local groups.
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Governor Woodrow Wilson gives the commencement address
Woodrow Wilson, governor of New Jersey, spoke at the alumni luncheon and gave the 1911 commencement address in Memorial Hall, and the university made him a Doctor of Laws.
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The university grants diplomas to students who left for the Confederate army
The faculty and trustees voted to give A.B. diplomas to surviving students who had left their classes to join the Confederate army, and the war classes of 1861 to 1868 were called at the 1911 commencement.
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Thomas F. Lloyd, founder of Carrboro's first two mills, dies
Thomas F. Lloyd died in May 1911, close to the time his second mill, a one-story brick yarn mill a block south of the Alberta mill, was finished. A Confederate veteran with no schooling, he had built the gin, grist mill and flour mill by the depot before starting the Alberta mill in 1898.
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Samuel Paul Lockhart rejects the school board's re-election of Superintendent T. Wingate Andrews
At its July 1911 meeting the county board of education re-elected T. Wingate Andrews as superintendent of schools. Lockhart, a candidate for the post, said he would not abide by the result because the election was illegal, and by August he was superintendent himself.
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Samuel Paul Lockhart becomes superintendent of the Orange County schools
Lockhart, a Bingham and UNC student from the New Hope area, took over the county schools in August 1911 and set to work with the board on new schoolhouses. He served until his cousin R. H. Claytor defeated him in 1917.
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The Noxall Bottling Works buys a lot near the Hillsborough depot for its plant
The Noxall Bottling Works, newly chartered under state law with its headquarters at Hillsborough, bought a lot near the Southern Railway station and planned to run its plant there.
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The county board agrees to pay half the cost of new schoolhouses built by local districts
At its meeting of October 10, 1911, early in Lockhart's term, the board planned new schoolhouses in several districts, the county paying half the cost and each community raising the other half.
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Alphonso McDade sells the McDade House to his daughter and son-in-law
McDade sold J. E. Merritt and his wife Minnie, McDade's daughter, the West Franklin Street house they had been renting for years.
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Alumni begin publishing the Alumni Review
The alumni launched the Alumni Review, issued monthly during the college year, with Dean Edward Kidder Graham as an associate editor; his piece in the first issue memorialized his teacher Thomas Hume.
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David K. Blackwood is moved from a family burying ground to New Hope churchyard
In 1912 the remains of David K. Blackwood, who had died in 1859, were taken from the family graveyard and reburied at New Hope Presbyterian Church. His marble headstone records the move.
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Dr. Braxton Bynum Lloyd begins practicing medicine in the Chapel Hill community
A Chapel Hill native with an M.D. from the University of North Carolina (1909) and three years at the Newark Eye and Ear Infirmary, Lloyd began a medical practice in the community that lasted until his death in 1947.
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Dr. C. M. Hughes builds a Colonial Revival house in Cedar Grove
Dr. C. M. Hughes's large two-story frame house in Cedar Grove, with a high hip roof, a cutaway bay and a columned wraparound porch, was built in 1912.
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Durham Hosiery Mills nearly doubles Mill No. 4
In 1912 the company added a two-story extension to the west end of the old Alberta mill, enlarged the one-story south wing as an office with a hooded entrance, and put up a new power house northeast of the reservoir. Orders for cotton hosiery had outgrown the building.
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Graham joins the student county clubs into a civic association
Dean Graham revived the clubs of students from the same county, which nearly half the student body joined after Rand's death, and federated more than a dozen of them as the North Carolina Civic Association of the University, urging members to study conditions at home.
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Harriet Cole's house is moved to clear a site for a public school
Mrs. Harriet Cole's house was moved several hundred feet east along West Franklin Street to make room for a planned public school.
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Hillsborough merchant "Dr." Durham has a Craftsman bungalow built on West Tryon Street
About 1912 a downtown general merchant named Durham, known in town as "Dr. Durham" though he was not a physician, had a large one-and-a-half-story bungalow built for himself at 110 West Tryon Street. Its wraparound porch has ogee-arched spans between the columns.
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Ira Rogers builds a hip-roofed farmhouse northwest of Hillsborough
Tobacco farmer Ira Rogers built himself a plain, square, hip-roofed farmhouse northwest of Hillsborough in 1912, with tapered porch posts and grouped windows.
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John L. Efland starts a hosiery mill at Efland
Efland's first hosiery plant, opened by John L. Efland in 1912, first made half hose and later full-fashioned stockings. Relatives' later mills grew from it.
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Louis H. Hackney opens a school for Black students in Chapel Hill
Louis H. Hackney, minister of Rock Hill Baptist Church, opened Hackney's Industrial and Educational Institute, a private school for Black students on Merritt Mill Road in Chapel Hill.
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Richard H. Battle gives his law books to the university
Shortly before his death, Richard H. Battle gave the University Law Library all his law books, about 500 volumes including full sets of the United States and North Carolina Reports.
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Students form the Greater Council and open honor code hearings to the public
Working with Dean Graham after Rand's death, students set up the Greater Council, with members from every class, to give them more voice on campus questions, and the Student Council began trying honor code charges in public with the accused facing their accusers.
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Summer School students perform the colonial play Esther Wake
In the summer of 1912 the Summer School for Teachers presented Esther Wake, a play by instructor Adolf Vermont about colonial North Carolina, on the steps of Smith Hall.
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The Bellevue mill runs 5,000 spindles and 200 looms making dress ginghams
Three years after it opened, the Bellevue mill had 5,000 spindles and 200 narrow looms weaving dress ginghams 27 and 32 inches wide, sold through agents in New York and New Jersey.
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The Villines log house is built north of Hillsborough
A one-room V-notched log house with a center door and a small loft window was built in 1912 on what is now SR 1546, north of Hillsborough in the Caldwell section of the county; the year is carved into its rock chimney. It shows log building for tenants and laborers lasting into the twentieth century.
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The two-story brick building later the Smith Furniture Store is built at 126 West King Street
A two-story brick commercial building with mousetooth corbelling at the parapet was built at 126 West King Street around 1912. The document calls it the Smith Furniture Store.
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The university names a new McCorkle Place residence hall for Kemp Plummer Battle
In 1912 the university named a new residence hall on McCorkle Place for Battle, its president from 1876 to 1891. It was one section of a three-part dormitory whose other sections honored J. Johnston Pettigrew and Zebulon B. Vance.
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The university razes the old Central Hotel to build dormitories
The university bought the old Central Hotel from Dr. Roberson's estate, tore it down in 1912, and built the Vance, Battle and Pettigrew dormitories on the site.
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Union Baptist Church becomes Venable Baptist Church
Once the Methodists stopped meeting there around 1910, the chapel was known as Union Baptist Church. In 1912 the congregation took the name of the newly incorporated town of Venable.
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Wade's Temple is organized at Efland
Wade's Temple, a United Holy Church congregation at Efland, was organized in 1912 with George Wade as first pastor and built its church in 1915.
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Work begins on an education building on Cameron Avenue
In 1911-12 the university began a building for the Department of Education on Cameron Avenue next to Commons Hall, paid for with the Peabody Fund gift.
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Orange County voters approve $250,000 in road bonds
Under a 1911 local act, the county voted 919 to 831 to borrow for grading and macadamizing its roads, with a nine-member good roads commission to pick them. The bonds, sold about a year later at 5 percent for 40 years, were the county's first and left a debt not cleared until 1953.
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Sophomores besiege a freshman cottage and fire a pistol into a room
After a class banquet a crowd of sophomores surrounded a university-owned cottage where freshmen lived, threw rocks at one room and fired a shot into it when the freshmen would not come out. Neither a faculty committee nor the Student Council could name the culprits until the inquiry into Isaac William Rand's death that fall.
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The medical building, Caldwell Hall, is dedicated
On May 8, 1912, the university opened its new medical building and named it Caldwell Hall for its first president. Dr. Richard H. Lewis presented it for the trustees, and Venable and Dean Isaac H. Manning accepted it.
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The Orange Trust Company is organized at Hillsborough
A Hillsborough real estate and insurance firm, the Hillsboro Real Estate and Improvement Company, took the new name Orange Trust Company, with H. W. Webb as president. It planned to buy and sell land, lend money and sell insurance, with $11,000 in paid-in stock.
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Trustees split the secretary-treasurer office after Richard H. Battle's death
After Richard H. Battle, secretary and treasurer of the university, died on May 12, 1912, the trustees divided his office, required the treasurer to live in Chapel Hill, and abolished the office of bursar. Julius A. Warren became treasurer.
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Abe and Annie B. Mebane sell a lot in west Hillsborough to the trustees of Mebane Chapel
For $25 the Mebanes sold a 30-by-40-foot lot at the corner of Union Street, opposite the later Central High School, to trustees Elisha Williams and Arthur Hood. The chapel was named in their memory.
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Freshman Isaac William Rand dies in a hazing incident on the athletic field
Taken from his Old East room near midnight by sophomores, the Smithfield freshman was made to stand on a barrel behind Bynum Gymnasium, fell onto broken glass that cut his carotid artery, and died within minutes on the gymnasium steps. Four students were arrested for manslaughter that day after a coroner's inquest, and Governor W. W. Kitchin demanded a full public investigation.
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Venable's faculty committee reports on the Rand death and the spring hazing
After questioning nearly fifty students, the committee gave the trustees a full account of the night Rand died and of the March attack on the freshman cottage. Sixteen more students were punished, four dismissed and twelve suspended for a year, and the trustees' executive committee in Raleigh turned down fathers' appeals.
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Orange County begins agricultural extension work
The commissioners put up $300 to match a state appropriation for extension work with farmers. The county dropped its share in December 1915 and revived the work during the war.
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Kappa Sigma breaks ground for a new fraternity hall on Fraternity Row
The Tar Heel reported in mid-October 1912 that ground had been broken for a new Kappa Sigma hall between the Zeta Psi and Pi Kappa Alpha houses. The building, later called the Evergreen House, is the only one of the original Fraternity Row houses still standing.
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A Chapel Hill conference turns football coaching and finances over to an alumni committee
Three weeks after a 66-0 Thanksgiving loss to Virginia, students, alumni and faculty agreed that alumni would clear the Athletic Association's debts and hire professional coaches under a new alumni-run General Athletic Committee, while the faculty kept control of eligibility. Weeks later the committee gave Thomas Trenchard a three-year contract.
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A Colonial Revival house is built for businessman Junius Webb on Pittsboro Street
The two-story house at 302 Pittsboro Street, with a deep hip roof, hipped dormer and wraparound classical porch, was built for Junius Webb about 1913.
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A YMCA lecture series on Black life in the South is held for students
Frank Graham and the campus YMCA organized lectures on 'Negro life in the South.' Professor Harry W. Chase told students that Black citizens were a third of the population but received a sixteenth of school spending, and that what they did not pay in property taxes they made up in fines. A second series was held five years later.
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A new wood-frame railroad station is built in Carrboro
The depot that still stands east of the old Alberta mill (Carr Mill) was built about 1913 as an extension of a small frame depot of about 1900, which had itself replaced the boxcar that served as West End's first station. The older depot was later removed, and the 1913 building served as the passenger and freight depot.
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Bank cashier C. B. Griffin builds a house on McCauley Street
C. B. Griffin, a bank cashier, built the two-story frame I-house at 214 McCauley Street in or about 1913. It has a two-story rear ell and a full-width front porch.
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Barbara Bynum Henderson of Chapel Hill becomes president of the Equal Suffrage League of North Carolina
Barbara Bynum Henderson, wife of UNC professor Archibald Henderson, organized the Equal Suffrage League of North Carolina and was elected its president, bringing the woman suffrage campaign to Chapel Hill. She was reelected unanimously in 1915.
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Carl Durham begins work at Eubanks Drug Store in Chapel Hill
Carl Durham, born in 1892 in the White Cross community of Orange County, went to work at Eubanks Drugstore in Chapel Hill in the summer of 1913. He qualified as a pharmacy apprentice by 1916, studied pharmacy at UNC, served in the Navy Hospital Corps in 1918 and came back to Eubanks as a pharmacist.
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Carr Methodist Church is organized
Carr Methodist Church was organized in 1913 and built a church in 1915.
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Edward Kidder Graham serves as acting president while Venable is in Europe
Graham, head of the English department and dean of the College of Liberal Arts at Chapel Hill, acted as president in 1913 during President Francis P. Venable's absence in Europe.
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Compiled and maintained by the Friends of the Orange County Public Library from county records, the sources named on each card, and the index’s event pages. Last updated October 2, 2026.
