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Orange County Indexed

Chronology

Key events from Orange County history: 100 highlights to start, then the full chronology of 6,171 dated events and 63 storylines, each connected to the index. A storyline gathers many dated events into one history, such as the Regulator crisis.

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  1. Colonial and Regulator years · 1680–1774

  2. 1750s
  3. Statistic or record · Orange County Orange County begins with fifty taxable enslaved people

    When the county was organized its tax lists showed fifty enslaved Black taxables, thirty-five men and fifteen women, a small number for a county of small farms.

  4. Statistic or record · Orange County Clerk Richard Caswell reports the county's tithables

    Caswell's return for 1754 counted 950 white taxable polls and 50 Black ones, 35 men and 15 women. At a shilling a poll, the county's share of the provincial tax came to no more than 50 pounds.

  5. Slavery and freedom · Orange County Eight percent of Orange families hold people in slavery

    In 1755 only 8 percent of the county's families held enslaved people, and the largest holder, Mark Morgan, held six.

  6. Storyline · 102 events · Chapel Hill Slavery in Orange County

    Enslaved people worked the county’s farms, households, courts and university from the first settlements, building Old East and South Building, appearing in the 1790 tax list and the 1860 census count of more than 5,000, and passing through the courts in the Kirkland suit of 1804 and State v. Mann in 1829. Emancipation in 1865 freed about 6,000 people; the recovery of their graves and names, from Margaret Lane Cemetery to the university’s list of 119, has continued since 1987.

  7. 1760s
  8. Statistic or record · Orange County Orange County's 1766 tax return counts 3,324 white and 649 Black taxables

    The return of taxables for 1766 counted 3,324 white men and 649 Black and mulatto men and women in Orange County, 3,973 taxables in all. These were people liable for the poll tax, not the whole population, and the returns do not show the Black population growing faster than the white.

  9. Snow Hill William Johnston offers Richard Bennehan a partnership in the Little River Store

    William Johnston offered Richard Bennehan a one-third partnership in the Little River Store on his Snowhill plantation near Hillsborough. Bennehan moved to North Carolina in late 1768 or early 1769 to manage it.

  10. 1770s
  11. Hillsborough Regulator leader Thomas Person is held in irons at Hillsborough

    After the Battle of Alamance, Governor Tryon had Thomas Person seized and held in irons in Hillsborough for three weeks, during which he was marched to the gallows and back. He was released without trial.

  12. Revolution and early republic · 1775–1799

  13. Appointment, election or service · Hillsborough Provincial Congress at Hillsborough names Alexander Martin lieutenant colonel of the Second North Carolina Regiment

    Alexander Martin attended the Third Provincial Congress at Hillsborough as a delegate from Guilford County. On September 1, 1775, the Congress named the officers of its two new regiments of Continental troops, with Robert Howe as colonel and Martin as lieutenant colonel of the Second Regiment.

  14. Orange County Richard Bennehan buys the land that began the Stagville plantation

    Bennehan bought land northeast of Snow Hill on the west side of the Flat River, the start of what became the Stagville-Fairntosh plantation complex.

  15. Law, policy or court · Halifax The new state constitution provides for public schools and a university

    Section 41 of the constitution adopted at Halifax, modeled on Pennsylvania's, told the legislature to establish schools and to promote learning in one or more universities. Orange's delegates voted on it, and it became the legal basis for chartering UNC.

  16. Slavery and freedom · Stagville (then Orange County, now Durham County) Richard Bennehan lists 31 enslaved people for taxes

    On the 1778 tax list Richard Bennehan of Stagville, one of the largest landholders in Orange County with 4,065 acres, reported 31 enslaved people. Most Orange households of the period held no one in slavery.

  17. 1780s
  18. Slavery and freedom · Orange County Most Orange enslavers hold fewer than ten people

    By 1780, 95 percent of the county's enslavers held fewer than ten people and 3 percent held twenty or more.

  19. Founding or opening · Hillsborough Board of War, led by Alexander Martin, directs the war effort from Hillsborough

    The Board of War created by the General Assembly first met at Hillsborough on September 14, 1780, with Alexander Martin, John Penn and Oroondates Davis present. Through the fall it issued orders for arms, provisions and militia from the town and ran a shoe factory there for the army, then rose in late November to sit at Halifax from December 1.

  20. Statistic or record · Hillsborough Hillsborough's count at the end of the war: forty white polls and sixty-seven enslaved people

    At the close of the Revolution the town listed forty white taxable men and sixty-seven enslaved people between the ages of twelve and fifty, which Nash reads as a population of about three hundred.

  21. Stagville Richard Bennehan buys land from Judith Stagg and opens the Stagville Store

    After William Johnston's death in 1785 Bennehan opened his own store, on land he bought from Judith Stagg, which became the Stagville Store.

  22. Storyline · 37 events · Chapel Hill The founding of the university and Chapel Hill

    The General Assembly chartered the university on December 11, 1789. Meeting at Hillsborough in August 1792, the trustees voted to build within fifteen miles of Cyprett's Bridge, and that November their commissioners chose New Hope Chapel Hill. The Old East cornerstone was laid October 12, 1793, and the first student, Hinton James, arrived February 12, 1795.

  23. Founding or opening · Chapel Hill University of North Carolina is chartered

    Meeting in Fayetteville, the General Assembly adopted William R. Davie's bill chartering the University of North Carolina. The act named some forty trustees and, instead of an appropriation, gave the school escheated property and uncollected debts; the trustees later placed it in southern Orange County, where Chapel Hill grew up around it.

  24. Property or economic transaction · Fayetteville Benjamin Smith gives the university 20,000 acres of western land

    Davie announced at the trustees' first meeting that Smith of Brunswick County had given land he received for Revolutionary service, in what became Obion County, Tennessee. It sold some 25 years later for $14,000, and Smith Hall, now the Playmakers Theatre, bears his name.

  25. Founding or opening · Fayetteville The university's trustees hold their first meeting, at Fayetteville

    Senate Speaker Charles Johnson chaired the meeting, and Alexander Mebane and James Hogg attended for Orange County. Davie and Hogg were charged with printing the two subscription papers, one under the charter's terms and one for outright gifts.

  26. Law, policy or court · Fayetteville The Assembly grants the university the proceeds of escheated property

    Alongside the charter, a second act gave the new university the proceeds from property that fell to the state for want of heirs.

  27. 1790s
  28. Statistic or record · Orange County The first federal census counts 2,060 enslaved people in Orange County

    The first federal census counted 12,216 people in Orange County: 10,055 white residents, 2,060 enslaved people and 101 other free persons. No other Piedmont county held as many enslaved people, and Richard Bennehan (24) and William Hooper (22, in Hillsborough) were the largest holders.

  29. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill William Lenoir is chosen the first president of the university's trustees

    At the board's second meeting, held at Fayetteville, the trustees made William Lenoir of Wilkes County their president and elected State Comptroller John Craven treasurer. Lenoir soon gave up the chair and Governor Alexander Martin succeeded him.

  30. Property or economic transaction · Chapel Hill The university's treasury receives its first money

    John Harvey, clerk of the Perquimans court, paid over $2,706.41 recovered from a delinquent state collecting officer under the arrearages the Assembly had granted the university. As the charter required, the trustees invested it in United States stock.

  31. Naming or commemoration · Chapel Hill Trustees adopt a university seal showing Apollo and the rising sun

    A committee of James Hogg, Alfred Moore and John Haywood, given sole power to choose a device for the corporation's seal, picked the face of Apollo with the rising sun, meant to stand for the dawn of higher education in the state.

  32. Property or economic transaction · New Bern The Assembly lends the university trustees 5,000 pounds for its buildings

    Trustees meeting at New Bern named a committee to seek the loan, and Davie argued for it before the Commons. It passed 57 to 53 in the Commons and 28 to 21 in the Senate.

  33. Property or economic transaction · Orange County James Hogg of Hillsborough gathers Orange County land and money for the university site

    Hogg, a Hillsborough merchant who sat on the commission that fixed the university's place, brought in pledges of land and about 1,600 dollars from people in Orange County for the New Hope Chapel Hill site. The ground chosen lay roughly twelve miles from Hillsborough on the road running from Petersburg through the town and on south to Pittsboro.

  34. Law, policy or court · New Bern The House of Commons rejects a bill to withhold the university's loan

    John Leigh of Edgecombe County had offered the bill on the last day of 1791, two days after the loan passed.

  35. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill Meeting in Hillsborough, UNC's trustees adopt the ordinance placing the university within fifteen miles of Cyprett's Bridge

    Twenty-five of the university's forty trustees gathered at Hillsborough on August 2, 1792. They balloted for Cyprett's Bridge as the center point on August 3 and on August 4 adopted the ordinance fixing a fifteen-mile radius and naming the site commissioners. In early November a commission chaired by Frederick Hargett toured the area and recommended New Hope Chapel Hill in southern Orange County.

  36. Founding or opening · Chapel Hill Willie Jones views New Hope Chapel Hill as a university commissioner and signs for the site

    Jones was one of six commissioners the trustees sent to fix the seat of the university. On November 5, 1792 he handed the commissioners Joel Lane's offer of 640 acres in Wake County; the commissioners then went on to view New Hope Chapel Hill in Orange County, where they took offers of 1,390 acres and about 798 pounds. Jones signed the report.

  37. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill Trustees fix the university at Chapel Hill and list its Orange County land donors

    Meeting on December 5, 1792, the trustees voted unanimously to place the university at New Hope Chapel Hill and recorded nine donors of Orange County land, among them Matthew McCauley (150 acres) and William McCauley (100 acres). Each donor could have one student educated free of tuition.

  38. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill A trustee committee under Samuel McCorkle reports the university's first plan of studies

    Named at New Bern on December 4, 1792, the committee proposed teaching languages with English first, history, mathematics, natural philosophy, botany, agriculture and architecture, and buying scientific apparatus. A newspaper notice of December 12 inviting teachers for this course drew no applicants.

  39. Property or economic transaction · Chapel Hill The building committee buys Hardy Morgan's 80-acre tract beside the university site

    Finding that Morgan's land ran too close to the planned buildings, the committee bought the 80 acres for $200. Battle took it to be the oldest cleared land on the university grounds, lying east of the buildings along the Raleigh road.

  40. Property or economic transaction · Hillsborough Building commissioners contract with George Daniel for 350,000 bricks for the university

    Meeting at Hillsborough, the commissioners engaged Daniel, of Orange County, to make and deliver the bricks at forty shillings per thousand.

  41. Construction or physical change · Chapel Hill James Patterson of Chatham County is hired to build the university's first building

    The commissioners contracted with Patterson for 2,500 pounds to build a house about 96 feet long and 40 feet wide. It became Old East, the first building raised on the campus of a state university in the United States.

  42. Statistic or record · Orange County Orange County leads the state in pledges to the university

    By July, Davie and Willie Jones reported 909 pounds 4 shillings pledged in Orange against 804 pounds in Halifax, out of $6,723 statewide. William Cain and Walter Alves of Orange were among the three largest subscribers at $200 each, and Jesse Neville of Orange gave $100.

  43. Construction or physical change · Chapel Hill Commissioners mark out the sites of the university's buildings and grounds

    Davie, Alfred Moore, Alexander Mebane and Thomas Blount met on the Chapel Hill tract and fixed the building sites, with land set aside for offices, avenues and ornamental grounds.

  44. Construction or physical change · Chapel Hill Old East cornerstone is laid

    William Richardson Davie and fellow trustees laid Old East’s cornerstone; October 12 is observed as University Day.

  45. Property or economic transaction · Chapel Hill The first town lots in Chapel Hill are sold at auction

    After the Old East cornerstone was laid, the commissioners auctioned the village lots on the spot; 29 lots brought more than 1,500 pounds, and one was held back for the president's house.

  46. Chapel Hill Richard Bennehan gives shells for mortar for Old East

    Bennehan donated fifty bushels of shells for making mortar for the university's first building. In 1796 he gave an air pump and thirty-two books.

  47. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill The trustees elect David Ker presiding professor of the university

    Balloting on January 10, 1794, the trustees elected David Ker, who had come from Fayetteville, the university's first professor, with the title of presiding professor. He took charge at the opening in January 1795, lived in the house meant for a future president and held the post until July 1796.

  48. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill Trustees adopt the plan of instruction and set the university's opening for January 15

    The board ordered the McCorkle committee's scheme into effect, fixed tuition by subject and created a presiding professor at $300 a year plus fees. It also resolved to build a steward's house before the opening and set a bill of fare for Commons with no drink but water.

  49. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill The General Assembly grants the university unsold confiscated lands

    The act gave the trustees confiscated Loyalist lands still unsold, chiefly the forfeited claims of Henry Eustace McCulloch, but sent anything above $20,000 to the state. The university's suits to collect under it angered landholders in Mecklenburg and nearby counties.

  50. Storyline · 31 events · Chapel Hill Black workers and campus labor

    Enslaved men built and served the university from its first buildings, Wilson Caldwell led its labor force after Reconstruction, and the janitors organized an association in 1930 that became a CIO local in 1942. The university named the laundry for Kennon Cheek and Rebecca Clark in 1998, dedicated the Unsung Founders Memorial in 2005 and published the names of 119 enslaved workers in 2018.

  51. Slavery and freedom · Old East, UNC Enslaved men owned by contractor James Patterson paint the roof of Old East

    James Patterson, the slaveholding contractor who built Old East between 1793 and 1795, reported in a 1795 letter that several of his own enslaved workers had painted the building's roof. Their names were not recorded.

  52. Appointment, election or service · University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill James Mebane serves as the first president of the Dialectic Society

    Orange County student James Mebane is the first president of the university's Dialectic Society, one of the two student debating societies formed in the university's first year.

  53. Construction or physical change · Old East, UNC campus Old East is finished as a two-story dormitory of sixteen rooms

    The university's first building was ready in 1795 as a two-story brick dormitory with sixteen rooms. Its plan is in effect two center-hall houses joined end to end, with a fireplace for every room, and it kept that height until a third story went on in 1822.

  54. Construction or physical change · Cameron Avenue and South Columbia Street, Chapel Hill The university finishes a house for its president at Cameron Avenue and Columbia Street

    A Federal side-hall house for the head of the university was completed in 1795 at the northeast corner of what are now Cameron Avenue and South Columbia Street. Each of its two bedrooms had a pair of built-in closets, uncommon at the time.

  55. Chapel Hill Walter Alves serves as a university trustee and board treasurer

    Walter Alves of Orange County was a trustee of the University of North Carolina from 1795 to 1813 and treasurer of its board from 1795 to 1799.

  56. Founding or opening · Chapel Hill UNC opens to students

    The University formally opened at Chapel Hill on a cold, rainy January 15, 1795, with Governor Richard Dobbs Spaight and trustees present, but no students had yet arrived. Hinton James came on February 12, and by March two professors taught 41 students; UNC was the only public university to graduate students in the eighteenth century.

  57. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill Trustees adopt the university's first by-laws

    Drafted by Samuel McCorkle and amended in committee, the by-laws set four classes, prayers at sunrise and evening, a monitor in each class to report absences and misconduct, and punishments from admonition to expulsion. Students could not keep liquor in their rooms or gamble.

  58. Life event · Chapel Hill Hinton James arrives as UNC’s first student

    Hinton James became UNC’s first student on February 12, 1795.

  59. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill Charles Wilson Harris joins the new university as professor of mathematics

    Harris joined the faculty in March 1795, weeks after the university opened, as professor of mathematics. On June 3, 1795 he organized the students into the debating club that became the Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies.

  60. Founding or opening · Chapel Hill Harris sets up a small store of medicine for students and neighbours

    Writing from the university on June 1, 1795, Harris told his uncle, a physician, that with no doctor nearer than Hillsborough he would keep a small stock of medicine for students and the neighbourhood, at cost. He enclosed a plan of the university lands and village.

  61. Founding or opening · Chapel Hill UNC’s Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies take shape

    UNC students held the first recorded meeting of a Debating Society on June 3, 1795, and voted on July 2 to split in two, the new body being the Concord Society. They took the names Dialectic and Philanthropic in late August 1796 and for over a century served as debating clubs, student government and keepers of large libraries.

  62. Founding or opening · Chapel Hill Samuel Hopkins opens the accounts of Chapel Hill's first post office

    Samuel Hopkins, the first postmaster appointed for Chapel Hill, files his first account with the Post Office as of July 1, 1795, the earliest record of the village post office.

  63. Publication, speech or performance · Chapel Hill UNC holds its first public examination, announced by Governor Spaight

    The University's first public examination took place at Chapel Hill on July 13, 1795, after notice appeared in the newspapers over the signature of Governor Richard Dobbs Spaight. The governor's wife, Mary Spaight, was the only woman present, and about a dozen men attended, including William R. Davie, James Hogg, Alfred Moore and James Glasgow.

  64. Founding or opening · Chapel Hill Trustees vote to build a house for the university's grammar school

    With Old East crowded and many students too young or unprepared for college classes, the board ordered a separate preparatory school building with lodging rooms, in the woods south of Rosemary Street. Richard Sims, an advanced student, seems to have been its first master.

  65. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill Joseph Green becomes the first student dismissed from the university

    Green and Frank Burton went to a cotton-picking frolic after being forbidden. Burton accepted public admonition, but Green refused and was dismissed by the faculty under David Ker.

  66. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill Trustees adopt William R. Davie's plan dividing the university into a preparatory school and professorships

    Davie's plan put English at the center, let French stand beside the classics and set up chairs of moral and political philosophy, natural philosophy, mathematics, chemistry with agriculture and the mechanic arts, and languages. The board elected Samuel McCorkle a professor, but he declined when refused extra pay in place of the president's house.

  67. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill Charles Wilson Harris acts as presiding professor

    After David Ker resigned under pressure from the trustees in the summer of 1796, Harris acted as presiding professor until his own resignation that December. He had persuaded Joseph Caldwell to join the faculty in October 1796.

  68. Publication, speech or performance · Chapel Hill The two student societies stage a play in place of their regular exercises

    Both societies voted to give up their usual exercises for a dramatic performance, probably urged on by tutor William Richards, a former strolling actor, and bought scenery at Williamsboro. One member who failed without excuse to take his two parts was expelled from his society.

  69. Person Hall, Chapel Hill Thomas Person gives $1,050 to complete the university chapel, later named Person Hall

    Trustee Thomas Person gave $1,050 to finish the chapel then under construction at Chapel Hill. The trustees thanked him for his liberality and the building, completed in 1798, was named Person Hall.

  70. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill Trustees forbid students to visit village taverns without leave and allow dancing lessons

    Meeting at the July examinations, the board barred tavern visits without a professor's permission and gave the preparatory teachers authority over all students. The same meeting let students attend dancing schools with faculty consent.

  71. Award or honor · Chapel Hill David Gillespie receives the earliest document resembling a university diploma

    Leaving to help Andrew Ellicott fix the southern boundary of the United States, Gillespie was given a certificate of his studies signed by professors Charles W. Harris and Samuel Holmes and teacher William Richards. Governor Samuel Ashe attached a certificate under the state seal.

  72. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill Joseph Caldwell arrives in Chapel Hill as professor of mathematics

    Joseph Caldwell, a Princeton graduate and tutor, moved to Chapel Hill in October 1796 to teach mathematics at the new university. He became presiding professor the next year.

  73. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill James Smiley Gillaspie is made principal of the university

    To keep Joseph Caldwell, who meant to leave rather than carry the executive duties, the trustees elected Gillaspie professor of natural philosophy with the title of principal. Caldwell stayed as professor of mathematics and taught French in the preparatory school.

  74. Publication, speech or performance · Old East Student John Pettigrew draws Old East

    Pettigrew sent his father a colored drawing of the building, then two stories high and two-thirds its later length, with a white band between the stories and a platform at each door. Battle reproduced it as the frontispiece view of Old East.

  75. Disaster or outbreak · Chapel Hill Mumps spreads among the students

    John Pettigrew wrote home that thirty or forty students had the mumps, none badly. Smallpox brought by a man from Norfolk was seven or eight miles away, but Battle says it never reached Chapel Hill.

  76. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill Pleasant Henderson is chosen steward of the university

    Pleasant Henderson moved from Mt. Pleasant to Chapel Hill in 1797 and was chosen steward of the University of North Carolina, following John Taylor in the post. A UNC Libraries exhibit records that he owned nineteen enslaved people.

  77. Property or economic transaction · Chapel Hill Charles Gerrard leaves the university his Tennessee lands

    Gerrard, a Revolutionary lieutenant living in Edgecombe County, bequeathed his 2,560-acre service tract on the Cumberland River below Nashville, asking that it stay university property forever, along with warrants for 11,364 more acres. The gift emboldened the trustees to begin the Main Building.

  78. Founding or opening · Hillsborough Duncan Cameron sets up as a lawyer at Hillsborough

    Cameron was admitted to the North Carolina bar in 1798 and, after a brief practice at Martinsville in Guilford County, established himself as a successful attorney at Hillsborough. A rivalry with another young Hillsborough lawyer, William Duffy, followed.

  79. Life event · Chapel Hill Eagle Lodge meets in Chapel Hill and initiates Joseph Caldwell

    By special dispensation, Hillsborough's Eagle Lodge met in Chapel Hill and made Masons of Joseph Caldwell, then presiding professor of the university, and three other faculty members.

  80. Founding or opening · Old Chapel Hill Cemetery, Raleigh Road and Country Club Road, Chapel Hill George Clarke is buried in the ground that becomes the Chapel Hill town cemetery

    The oldest dated stone in the Old Chapel Hill Cemetery, at Raleigh and Country Club roads, marks the 1798 grave of George Clarke, a member of the university's Philanthropic Society. It shows the burial ground in use by that year.

  81. Chapel Hill UNC holds its first commencement

    UNC’s first graduating class included Hinton James and six other students.

  82. Construction or physical change · South Building The cornerstone of the Main, later South, Building is laid

    A special Grand Lodge of Masons met at the university to lay the cornerstone of the principal building. Its walls rose a story and a half and then stood roofless for years for want of money.

  83. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Archibald D. Murphey graduates from the university and joins its faculty

    Archibald D. Murphey graduated with honors from the University at Chapel Hill in 1799 and was hired at once as a tutor. The next year he became professor of languages, one of three faculty members, and also served as librarian before resigning to study law in Hillsborough.

  84. Stagville Richard Bennehan builds the Stagville house

    Bennehan built the house he called Stagville. By then he owned about 4,000 acres, worked by 44 or more enslaved people. The same year he joined the university's board of trustees.

  85. Protest or organizing · Chapel Hill Students rise against the faculty and beat principal Gillaspie

    In the term before the 1799 commencement students beat Gillaspie, waylaid and stoned tutor William E. Webb and threatened Caldwell and Archibald Murphey, and for a week exercises stopped. Three leaders were dismissed and the faculty offered to resign, and by that November Caldwell was chosen again to head the university.

  86. Naming or commemoration · Old Chapel Hill Cemetery, South Road (NC 54) and Country Club Road, Chapel Hill The Philanthropic Society adopts rules for marking its members' graves

    When its minutes resumed in January 1799, after George Clarke's burial, George Long of Halifax County moved that the society honor members buried at Chapel Hill. Three weeks later a committee called for a black-painted oak or poplar railing around each grave with the name, date and society lettered in white, and a black armband worn for three months.

  87. Antebellum and Civil War · 1800–1865

  88. 1800s
  89. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill The General Assembly takes back the university's confiscated lands and escheats

    Amid hostility to the university as a Federalist school, and anger at its suits over old McCulloch claims, the legislature repealed the 1794 grant of confiscated property and the 1789 grant of escheats. The courts later held the escheat repeal unconstitutional in University v. Foy.

  90. Violence or armed conflict · Chapel Hill Students stone steward Pleasant Henderson's house

    Complaints about the food at Steward's Hall under stewards John Taylor and Pleasant Henderson helped fuel the student uprising of 1799. In 1801 Henderson's house was stoned, and he did not reapply for the stewardship.

  91. Construction or physical change · Grand Avenue between Franklin and Rosemary streets, Chapel Hill The university builds a house for its Grammar School

    Six years after the trustees ordered it, a one-story frame schoolhouse for the university's preparatory Grammar School was built in 1801. John M. Goodloe was paid about $320 for the work; until then the boys had been taught in a rented building.

  92. Property or economic transaction · Chapel Hill The university raises money for the Main Building by lottery

    The legislature of 1801 let the trustees raise up to $4,000 by lotteries. Two drawings, the first of 1,500 five-dollar tickets and the second in 1802, cleared $5,080.81, though agents were slow to account for tickets.

  93. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill Cameron becomes a trustee of the University of North Carolina

    Cameron joined the board of trustees of the University of North Carolina in 1802, while he was practicing law at Hillsborough.

  94. Founding or opening · Chapel Hill Pleasant Henderson gives up the stewardship and opens a store

    Henderson gave up the university stewardship in 1802 and declined the trusteeship he was elected to. About this time he went into business as Henderson and Searcy, and he kept his Chapel Hill residence while serving as clerk of the House of Commons from 1807 to 1830.

  95. Chapel Hill William Gaston serves as a trustee of the university

    William Gaston sat on the university's board of trustees from 1802 until his death in January 1844, some forty-two years.

  96. Property or economic transaction · Chapel Hill Women of Raleigh give the university a new pair of globes

    Hearing that the university's globes were too worn to use, sixteen Raleigh women, among them Sarah Polk, Anna White and Eliza Haywood, sent a new pair twelve inches across with a compass to Joseph Caldwell. The letter was written by Winifred Gales.

  97. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill A student duel brings expulsions and a trustee order against dueling

    Quarrels in the spring of 1803 led to challenges and at least one meeting. Samuel G. Hopkins was expelled for fighting and John H. Hawkins for acting as second, and the trustees ordered that anyone in a duel be expelled and handed to the civil authorities.

  98. Chapel Hill William Norwood gives $100 toward finishing South Building

    William Norwood of Hillsborough contributed $100 toward finishing South Building at the university.

  99. Hillsborough Hillsborough Academy trustees engage Thomas Baron after George Johnston fails to arrive

    The academy trustees, Walter Alves among them, announced that George Johnston had not taken charge as promised and that they had engaged Thomas Baron, a Harvard graduate, to teach languages, arithmetic, geography and mathematics.

  100. Property or economic transaction · Chapel Hill Women of New Bern give the university a quadrant

    Sixteen New Bern women, among them Susan Gaston and Mary Nash, sent a quadrant for the philosophical class to Joseph Caldwell. In his reply Caldwell blamed the university's unpopularity partly on disappointment over costs and on student misconduct.

  101. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill Court rulings force the university to give up its McCulloch collections

    In Ray's Executors v. McCulloch and Trustees v. Rice, the Court of Conference held that the 1783 peace treaty protected Henry Eustace McCulloch's claims. The General Assembly then ordered the money collected under the 1794 act refunded to the state treasury in trust for the debtors who had paid.

  102. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill Joseph Caldwell is elected the first president of the university

    When the trustees created the office of president in 1804 they elected Caldwell to it unanimously. He resigned the presidency in 1812 to teach and returned to it a few years later, holding it until his death in 1835.

  103. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill Trustees make Greek a requirement for a degree

    After electing Caldwell president, the board ruled that no degree be granted without Greek, set Greek tests for entering the junior and freshman classes and repealed the degree for English and the sciences. It also ordered the president to wear a black gown at commencement.

  104. Disaster or outbreak · Chapel Hill Nervous fever kills a student

    A fever the doctors called nervous fever struck the university early in 1804. A student named Philips, of Edgecombe County, died and Lemuel Sessoms was not expected to live, and the dance planned for Washington's Birthday was dropped.

  105. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill The General Assembly restores the university's escheats

    The bill passed the House 82 to 35 and the Senate 32 to 23, returning escheated property whose Tennessee land warrants later became the university's endowment. Maurice Moore, one of the first students, was among its strongest advocates.

  106. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill The governor becomes ex officio president of the university's trustees

    The act restoring the escheats made the governor president of the board and gave the General Assembly, on joint ballot, the power to fill vacancies. A trustee absent from meetings for two years could lose his seat.

  107. Chapel Hill Pleasant Henderson writes to trustee Walter Alves about a student secession at the university

    Pleasant Henderson wrote to Walter Alves that about 45 students had left the university in protest over the trustees' rule requiring student monitors to take an oath, and urged Alves and the board to act.

  108. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill Trustees repeal the monitor ordinance that set off the student secession

    The 1805 law made student monitors swear to report every breach of the rules, and forty-five students signed a remonstrance and left when it was only softened. The board repealed it unanimously in December, but few of the seceders came back.

  109. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill Frederick Nash is elected a trustee of the University of North Carolina

    Nash was elected a trustee of the University of North Carolina in 1807 and remained an active supporter of the university. It awarded him an LL.D. in 1853.

  110. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill Trustees bar students expelled from other colleges

    An ordinance sent to every college president in the country refused admission to anyone expelled from another college or who had left it to avoid trial, and required applicants to declare they had not. Colleges were asked to exchange lists of expelled students.

  111. Protest or organizing · Chapel Hill Thirty-eight students petition the faculty over food at Steward's Hall

    Signers including John Branch complained of too little butter and of beef often unsound and full of vermin. The faculty found the wording defiant and had it rewritten, and suspended John R. Stokes and Elias Foord for refusing to sign the milder version.

  112. Life event · Hillsborough Thomas Ruffin qualifies to practice law and settles at Hillsborough

    Ruffin finished his legal studies under Archibald D. Murphey in Rockingham County and qualified to practice law in 1808. He moved to Hillsborough on June 9, 1809, and built his practice there; William A. Graham later read law with him.

  113. Life event · Caldwell house, Lot #19, East Franklin Street, Chapel Hill President Joseph Caldwell marries Helen Hooper and moves to her Franklin Street house

    Caldwell married Helen Hogg Hooper and left the President's House on campus for her home on Lot #19, which he appears to have owned already. The house stayed in the family until 1849, when the university bought it as President Swain's residence.

  114. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill The university divides the state into ten escheat districts with its own attorneys

    To collect the restored escheats, the trustees named attorneys in ten districts, among them Archibald D. Murphey for the district beginning with Chatham, paid by commission on sales and collections. The same year the legislature gave the university estate balances unclaimed for seven years.

  115. 1810s
  116. Construction or physical change · Fairntosh Cameron builds Fairntosh east of the Stagville house

    On land beside Stagville that Richard Bennehan gave the couple at their 1803 marriage, Duncan Cameron began building Fairntosh in 1810, finished the main house in 1811 and added a large wing about 1818 to 1821. Its dependencies included his law office, a chapel and a family burying ground, and he went on to hold more than a thousand people in slavery.

  117. Award or honor · Person Hall The university makes David Caldwell of Guilford a Doctor of Divinity

    At the 1810 commencement the university gave honorary doctorates of divinity to David Caldwell, James Hall and James McRee. Caldwell's Latin diploma, dated in Person Hall, calls Chapel Hill Sacrarii Mons, the hill of the chapel.

  118. Protest or organizing · Chapel Hill A student outbreak leaves the university with no graduates

    After an insubordination whose details are lost, every senior except John A. Ramsey forfeited his diploma, and the 1811 commencement conferred only an honorary A.B. on Ramsey. Three of the six who later passed examinations received diplomas in 1813.

  119. Award or honor · Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina William R. Davie receives the university's first honorary Doctor of Laws

    The University of North Carolina awarded William R. Davie an honorary LL.D. in 1811, the first Doctor of Laws it conferred; honorary master's degrees had gone to Joseph Caldwell and others in 1799. Davie had sat on the board of trustees from 1789 to 1807.

  120. Founding or opening · Person Hall A sacred music society forms and an organ is ordered for the university chapel

    The Raleigh Register reported a new society for the study of sacred music at the university and an organ, paid for by private gifts, already built in New York. The trustees later paid $50 to bring it to Chapel Hill.

  121. Founding or opening · University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Upperclassmen shut out of the literary societies form the Kappa Alpha order

    When the Dialectic and Philanthropic societies stopped taking juniors and seniors to make room for new members, older students met in new secret clubs, the first being an order of Kappa Alpha.

  122. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill Robert H. Chapman is elected president as Caldwell returns to teaching mathematics

    Caldwell asked to give up the presidency to finish his geometry and study astronomy. The board accepted his resignation, elected the Presbyterian minister Chapman president at $1,200 a year and kept Caldwell as professor of mathematics at $1,000.

  123. Appointment, election or service · Hillsborough Thomas Ruffin represents Hillsborough in the House of Commons

    Ruffin sat for the town of Hillsborough in the North Carolina House of Commons in 1813, 1815 and 1816, until he was elected a Superior Court judge at the age of twenty-nine.

  124. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill Thomas Ruffin serves on the University of North Carolina Board of Trustees

    Ruffin served on the university's Board of Trustees from 1813 to 1831 and again from 1842 to 1868. The residence hall completed in 1922 was named for him and for his son Thomas Ruffin Jr.

  125. Founding or opening · Barbee's blacksmith shop, Lot #8, Franklin Street, Chapel Hill Christopher Barbee opens a blacksmith shop on Franklin Street

    Christopher Barbee, the university's largest land donor, rented the southwest corner of Matthew McCauley's Lot #8 for a smithy with a 33-foot front on the street. He bought the corner in 1824, and William D. Kirksey was advertising as the village blacksmith by 1833.

  126. Construction or physical change · South Building Students move into the finished South Building

    Subscriptions Caldwell gathered on tours of the state in 1809 and 1811, about $8,220, let contractor John Close finish the Main Building begun in 1798. Students moved in during 1814.

  127. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill Caldwell takes students before a justice of the peace over attacks on President Chapman's property

    After night raids on Chapman's stable, cart and gate, and tar and feathers on his gatepost, Caldwell asked justice Pleasant Henderson for a general warrant. Refused, he named five students, and a hearing questioned the student body under oath.

  128. Statistic or record · Orange County Orange County's enslaved people are valued at nearly two thirds of its land

    The 1815 valuation put the county's enslaved population at $1,216,347 and all its land at $1,917,993.

  129. Appointment, election or service · Hillsborough Academy, Hillsborough Witherspoon takes charge of the Hillsborough Academy

    Returning to Hillsborough at twenty-five, Witherspoon took a double charge: the pastorate of the newly built Presbyterian church and the principalship of the closely allied Hillsborough Academy. He gave up the academy sometime after 1819.

  130. Protest or organizing · Chapel Hill Senior William B. Shepard speaks forbidden political passages and sets off a student revolt

    Chapman had struck Republican passages from Shepard's oration and ordered him to sit when he spoke them anyway, but students cheered him on and the next day met in the chapel to back him. The trustees expelled Shepard and George C. Dromgoole, others were suspended, and most of the rest signed apologies.

  131. Violence or armed conflict · Chapel Hill A gunpowder bomb explodes outside tutor John Patterson's door

    Apparently in revenge for the Shepard suspensions, someone filled a brass door knob with powder, lit a match fuse and left it at Patterson's door. A student picked it up and dropped it moments before it went off, and no one was hurt.

  132. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill Robert H. Chapman resigns the university presidency

    At the first board meeting after the Shepard affair Chapman resigned, saying he wished to give himself to the ministry. The trustees made it effective at once, paid him half a year's salary and let him keep the president's house to the end of the session.

  133. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill Joseph Caldwell is elected president a second time

    After William Neill and Lewis von Schweinitz declined the office, the trustees returned the presidency to Caldwell by a commission taking effect January 1, 1817.

  134. Chapel Hill John Motley Morehead serves as a tutor at the university

    After graduating in 1817, Morehead was one of the university's two tutors for that year, with Priestly Hinton Mangum.

  135. Chapel Hill Nancy Hilliard's family moves from Granville County to Chapel Hill

    William and Lucy Walker Hilliard moved their family, including their daughter Nancy, from Granville County to Chapel Hill in 1817. She later kept the village's main hotel for students and travelers.

  136. Life event · Chapel Hill George Moses Horton begins selling poems to UNC students

    By about age twenty, George Moses Horton, enslaved on a Chatham County farm, was carrying fruit to the UNC campus on Sundays, and students began paying him to compose love poems and acrostics. His first printed poem appeared in April 1829, the year The Hope of Liberty was published.

  137. Founding or opening · Chapel Hill Trustees add a professorship of rhetoric and logic

    Counting on money from Tennessee land warrants, the board created a chair of rhetoric and logic and an adjunct chair of moral philosophy over one dissenting vote. Shepard K. Kollock took the rhetoric chair in the fall of 1819, and critics complained that the faculty was filling with Presbyterian ministers.

  138. Appointment, election or service · University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Elisha Mitchell arrives in Chapel Hill as professor of mathematics

    Elisha Mitchell, a Yale graduate from Connecticut, arrived at the University of North Carolina in January 1818 as professor of mathematics and natural philosophy. He taught at Chapel Hill until his death in 1857, moving to chemistry, geology and mineralogy in 1825.

  139. Violence or armed conflict · Chapel Hill Drunken students break into a Chapel Hill kitchen and beat an enslaved man

    On a Sunday three students full of corn whiskey shouted through the village, broke into a kitchen, beat a Black man there and insulted his owner and family. They were suspended for four months.

  140. Life event · Hillsborough William Woods Holden is born near Hillsborough

    William Woods Holden, later editor of the North Carolina Standard and governor, was born near Hillsborough to Thomas Holden and Priscilla Woods. His grandfather had moved to Orange County to farm, and from age six he was raised by his stepmother, Sally Nichols Holden.

  141. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill Amendments drawn by Bartlett Yancey reshape the university's board of trustees

    The act raised the board to 65, the number of counties, left vacancies to the General Assembly, fixed a quorum of seven and let an annual meeting of fifteen remove a trustee for improper conduct. Special meetings could not undo votes of an annual meeting.

  142. Protest or organizing · Chapel Hill An auxiliary Colonization Society is reported active in Chapel Hill

    The Reverend William Meade reported a thriving Chapel Hill branch of the American Colonization Society, which promoted sending free Black people to Liberia.

  143. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill Denison Olmsted begins teaching chemistry at Chapel Hill

    Appointed in November 1817 to the university's new professorship of chemistry, Olmsted spent a year studying with Benjamin Silliman at Yale and began teaching at Chapel Hill in the fall of 1819. He stayed until the end of 1825, when Elisha Mitchell succeeded him.

  144. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill General Assembly appoints commissioners for the Town of Chapel Hill

    The General Assembly named Joseph Caldwell, Pleasant Henderson, Thomas Taylor, Ezekiel Trice and William Barbee commissioners for the town of Chapel Hill, with power to fix its boundaries and make bylaws. Elected commissioners and a corporate charter followed in the 1850-51 session.

  145. Closing or ending · Orange County The university closes its grammar school and makes Hillsborough Academy its preparatory school

    When Abner W. Clopton gave up the grammar school the university dropped it. Caldwell arranged for Hillsborough Academy, under John Witherspoon with John Rogers teaching, to prepare boys for the university, whose faculty could attend its examinations and admit its top pupils on certificate.

  146. Closing or ending · Chapel Hill The university stops running Steward's Hall and lets students board where they choose

    Ending the old commons, the trustees rented Steward's Hall to Mrs. Burton, who had to feed students for no more than $9 a month the first year and allow the commencement ball in the dining room free. Board there had risen from $30 a year in 1795 to $95 in 1818.

  147. Violence or armed conflict · Chapel Hill Students give up pistols and dirks after a Washington's Birthday brawl

    After Walker Anderson's oration a dinner ended in drunken fighting, a dirk was drawn and a peacemaker was stabbed in the arm. The students were made to hand in their weapons, six pistols and two dirks, to be held while they remained at the university.

  148. 1820s
  149. Publication, speech or performance · Chapel Hill Chapel Hill Academy prepares boys for the university under James A. Craig

    James A. Craig announced that the Chapel Hill Academy would begin its session on June 20, 1820, with a course arranged as preparation for the University of North Carolina and sessions matching the university's.

  150. Slavery and freedom · Hillsborough Archibald D. Murphey offers forty enslaved people for sale

    Murphey put forty people up for sale in 1821, a number the book calls unmatched in Orange sale notices, where most sales involved one or a few people.

  151. Appointment, election or service · Hillsborough Elisha Mitchell is ordained by the Presbytery of Orange at Hillsborough

    In 1821 the Presbytery of Orange, meeting in Hillsborough, ordained Professor Elisha Mitchell, who had been licensed to preach by the Congregational Church.

  152. Property or economic transaction · Old Grammar School house, Grand Avenue ground, Franklin Street, Chapel Hill The university rents the empty Grammar School house to hunter Peyton Clements

    Two years after closing its preparatory school, the university let the building on the Grand Avenue ground to Peyton Clements, a hunter who supplied game to the college and the village boarding houses.

  153. Construction or physical change · Old West Trustees vote to raise Old East a story and build Old West

    At Caldwell's urging, and against the faculty's plea to spend on books and apparatus, the board voted to enlarge Old East, build Old West to match and start a new chapel, borrowing from banks against Tennessee land sales. Architect William Nichols ran the work, and the South Building's Prayer Hall became a chemistry laboratory.

  154. Slavery and freedom · Hillsborough John Faddis warns the public not to trade with the men he holds in slavery

    Faddis ran a notice in the Hillsborough Recorder naming Jim, Joe, Alfred and Peter and threatening to prosecute anyone who sold them liquor or traded with them without his written leave.

  155. Slavery and freedom · Old East, UNC Named enslaved workers build the third story of Old East

    Bills from William Nichols's 1822 to 1824 enlargement of Old East list enslaved carpenters, bricklayers and laborers including Bob, Henry, Nelson, Allman, Tony, Luke, Isaac and Ned Peek, with their pay due to their owners. One bill from John C. White came to about $395.

  156. Construction or physical change · Old West and Gerrard Hall, UNC campus State architect William Nichols designs Old West and Gerrard Hall

    In 1822 William Nichols, the English-born architect who was North Carolina's first state architect, drew Old West as a match for Old East and designed a new chapel, Gerrard Hall. Gerrard's south portico of four two-story Ionic columns made it the campus's first building in the Romantic Classical mode.

  157. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill Professor Denison Olmsted is hired to make the state's geological survey

    The Board of Agriculture, created in 1822, was allowed in 1823 to employ someone to survey the state's geology and minerals at $250 a year. It chose Olmsted, whose published report Battle thought probably the first of any state, and Elisha Mitchell later carried on the work.

  158. Life event · Chapel Hill Seniors hold a drinking party at the Foxhall spring

    After final examinations nineteen of the twenty-eight seniors took whiskey and brandy to a spring north of the village called Foxhall, and one poured the liquor into the spring to make toddy. The faculty granted their diplomas only after they made formal acknowledgments.

  159. Violence or armed conflict · Chapel Hill Faculty and Orange County trustees expel two students who attacked professors

    Two students, drunk from the village grog shop and armed with a club and a pistol, went out after members of the faculty and assaulted two of them. The trustees living in Orange County were called to sit with the faculty, and the two were expelled.

  160. Chapel Hill The trustees settle William Nichols's accounts for Old West and the campus repairs

    The university settled with William Nichols, its supervisor and builder, for Old West, the new chapel, the bricks made on university land and repairs to South Building, the President's House and Steward's Hall. Battle gives the cost as about $26,587 and says the accounts showed a want of careful superintendence.

  161. Property or economic transaction · Chapel Hill Trustees send Caldwell to Europe to buy books and scientific instruments

    Acting on Caldwell's February 1824 plea that the university could not go forward without books and apparatus, the trustees set aside $6,000, half for each, and accepted his offer to buy them abroad at his own expense. He wrote from London on August 31, 1824, after visiting booksellers and instrument makers and touring Scotland.

  162. Founding or opening · Chapel Hill University Lodge No. 80 is chartered at Chapel Hill

    Chapel Hill's first Masonic lodge, University Lodge No. 80, was chartered. It stopped meeting in 1849 as older members died or moved away.

  163. Protest or organizing · Trotter's Creek A branch Manumission Society meeting at Trotter's Creek issues an address against slavery

    Meeting at Trotter's Creek, a branch of the Manumission Society, strong among Orange Quakers, adopted an address calling on citizens to end slavery by consent and to open schools to Black as well as white children.

  164. Migration or settlement · Orange County People freed by David Patterson of Orange sail for Liberia

    Under the auspices of the Colonization Society, the formerly enslaved people of David Patterson left for Liberia in 1825.

  165. Publication, speech or performance · South Building Students illuminate the college to welcome Caldwell home from Europe

    When President Caldwell came back from nearly a year in Europe buying books and apparatus, the students lit up the college buildings and escorted him to a stand by the well in front of South Building, where he spoke to them and the villagers. In December 1825 the trustees formally thanked him for his work.

  166. Property or economic transaction · Chapel Hill Trustees take over Denison Olmsted's house for the professors of chemistry

    When Olmsted resigned in December 1825 to teach at Yale, the trustees bought at cost the house he had purchased from Mrs. Puckett for $1,300 and repaired. The lot was set apart for the professors of chemistry, and the house was later the home of James Phillips and then of President Venable.

  167. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill Trustees adopt by-laws creating a resident superintendent and a student uniform

    On Bartlett Yancey's motion the trustees created a superintendent of university property living at Chapel Hill, who was to receive and pay out all student money, and they prescribed a plain uniform dress and forbade boots. Chapel Hill merchant Thomas H. Taylor was appointed; in January 1829 the office passed to the faculty, who chose Elisha Mitchell.

  168. Disaster or outbreak · Chapel Hill Fever outbreak kills three university students

    A serious sickness, which Battle identifies as typhoid fever, struck the university in August and September 1825 and three students died, among them William H. Beard and Zenas Johnston. The acting president urged the trustees to engage a resident physician.

  169. Life event · Chapel Hill Caroline Lee Hentz befriends and tutors the poet George Moses Horton in Chapel Hill

    While her husband Nicholas Hentz taught languages at the university, Caroline Lee Hentz befriended the enslaved poet George Moses Horton, tutored him in grammar and helped edit his work. She sent some of his poems to the Lancaster Gazette in her Massachusetts hometown, which printed them in 1829.

  170. Property or economic transaction · Bennehan-Cameron plantations (then Orange County) Duncan Cameron records tobacco sales of nearly 30,000 pounds

    Cameron's accounts for 1826 show close to 30,000 pounds of tobacco sold from the Bennehan-Cameron plantations, where the crop was grown with the labor of enslaved people.

  171. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill Nicholas Marcellus Hentz becomes the university's professor of modern languages

    Hentz took the chair of modern languages at the university, the first professor at Chapel Hill whose duties were to teach French and Spanish regularly. While there he also studied spiders and published on them in scientific journals.

  172. Life event · Chapel Hill The Phillips family, with infant Cornelia, moves to Chapel Hill

    James Phillips moved his family from New York to Chapel Hill in 1826 when he became professor of mathematics at the University of North Carolina, where he taught until his death in 1867. His daughter Cornelia, born in Harlem in March 1825, grew up in the village.

  173. Migration or settlement · James Craig's house ("Fur Craig's"), west edge of Chapel Hill Young Andrew Johnson, walking from Raleigh to Tennessee, is fed and lodged at James Craig's

    On his way west on foot, the future president Andrew Johnson stopped at James Craig's farmhouse about a mile west of the village and was given supper, a night's lodging and food for the road. He told the story from the steps of the president's house when he returned for the 1867 commencement.

  174. Construction or physical change · Hillsborough, St. Matthew's Episcopal Church St. Matthew's Church in Hillsborough is consecrated under its first rector, William Mercer Green

    William Mercer Green became first rector of the reorganized St. Matthew's parish in 1825, the year work began on its brick church; state architect William Nichols and brickmaker John Berry were among the builders. Bishop John Stark Ravenscroft consecrated the church on May 21, 1826, during the diocesan convention it hosted.

  175. Publication, speech or performance · Person Hall Chapel Hill celebrates the fiftieth anniversary of independence

    The village marked the semicentennial of the Declaration of Independence with a procession to Person Hall, where Revolutionary veteran Major Henderson read the Declaration and William McCauley gave the oration. A dinner at S. B. Alsobrook's hotel and a ball to Ilai Nunn's violin followed.

  176. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill Trustees prescribe a student uniform and forbid boots

    The board ordered students to wear dark gray in summer and blue in winter, changing winter to gray six months later, and banned boots, probably because of hard times after the panic of 1825. Seniors were excused from the boot rule at their commencement, and the other classes soon won the same privilege.

  177. Disaster or outbreak · Orange County Fire destroys Witherspoon's farmhouse and the Orange Presbytery records

    The fire burned the Witherspoons' rural home a mile and a half south of Hillsborough and its contents, including all but one volume of the old records of Orange Presbytery, which Witherspoon held as stated clerk. Losses were put at about 3,000 dollars and the house was rebuilt.

  178. Publication, speech or performance · Chapel Hill, Person Hall Archibald D. Murphey gives the first commencement-eve oration in Person Hall

    On June 27, 1827, the day before commencement, Murphey delivered an oration in Person Hall at Chapel Hill under the appointment of the Dialectic Society. Addressing the Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies, he argued that a college course only prepared the mind for later learning; the speech was printed and reissued in 1843.

  179. Law, policy or court · Hillsborough Orange Superior Court tries Jim, Sherod and Harry, three enslaved men

    The 1828 term convicted Jim, held by Willie P. Mangum, of manslaughter in the death of another enslaved man and ordered 39 lashes. Sherod got 15 lashes for larceny, and Harry was sentenced to death for burglary but won a new trial on appeal.

  180. Life event · Hillsborough William W. Holden serves as an apprentice printer at the Hillsborough Recorder

    At about age ten Holden was apprenticed as a printer's devil to Dennis Heartt, editor of the Hillsborough Recorder, who was responsible for his early education and political views. He struck out on his own at about sixteen, working first for the Milton Chronicle.

  181. Protest or organizing · Chapel Hill Thirty students walk out of Sunday worship in the chapel

    One Sunday morning thirty students left divine service in the chapel one by one. The faculty examined each; thirteen gave acceptable excuses and the other seventeen denied any plan, so the case was dropped.

  182. Slavery and freedom · Cabe-Pratt-Harris House (Riverbend Farm), off Pleasant Green Road near the Eno River William Cabe's estate offers his residence and 14 or 15 enslaved people for sale

    After a sale of Cabe's household goods, stock and crops set for October 22, 1828, a December notice in the Hillsborough Recorder offered his late residence together with 14 or 15 enslaved people.

  183. Publication, speech or performance · Raleigh; author associated with Chapel Hill George Moses Horton publishes The Hope of Liberty

    George Moses Horton’s The Hope of Liberty was published in Raleigh, with supporters hoping sales could finance his freedom.

  184. Founding or opening · Chapel Hill Presbyterians begin worshipping together in Chapel Hill

    Chapel Hill's Presbyterians began meeting about 1829 in homes and university buildings, with university faculty serving as ministers, according to the church's own history. The congregation's surviving session records begin in 1845, the year Lefler and Wager give for its formal organization, on June 8. Its first sanctuary on Franklin Street was dedicated September 23, 1849, and the congregation took the name University Presbyterian Church in the 1960s.

  185. Founding or opening · Chapel Hill Students organize a temperance society

    Some students formed a Temperance Society in the summer of 1829, and Battle credits it with reducing drinking of spirits at the college. At its request Elisha Mitchell gave an address on intemperance in 1831 that was printed.

  186. Slavery and freedom · Orange County The county court levies a tax on Black polls to pay for the patrol

    Along with its taxes for county costs and the poor, the August 1829 court ordered ten cents collected on each Black poll to pay the patrol, the county's slave patrol.

  187. Slavery and freedom · Hillsborough Thomas Clancy advertises Lucy and her five children for sale

    Pressed for money, Clancy offered a woman named Lucy and her five children, the eldest about thirteen, saying he preferred to sell the family together to a buyer in or near Hillsborough.

  188. Slavery and freedom · Chapel Hill James, an enslaved college servant, escapes from Chapel Hill

    Samuel M. Stewart advertised a $20 reward in the Hillsborough Recorder for James, who had worked four years as a college servant at the university. Stewart thought he was headed for Norfolk or Richmond to reach the free states or Africa through the Colonization Society.

  189. 1830s
  190. Construction or physical change · UNC campus, Chapel Hill Caldwell builds the first college observatory in the United States

    Caldwell began an astronomical observatory on the campus in 1830 and finished it in 1831, paying more than 400 dollars himself, to house instruments he had bought in Europe in 1824. The DocSouth biography calls it the first American observatory built for teaching.

  191. Slavery and freedom · Orange County Fred Hartgrove, a free Black man, holds three enslaved people

    The 1830 records show Hartgrove holding three people and Lucy Peters, also free and Black, holding one. No free Black resident of Orange held anyone in 1860.

  192. Slavery and freedom · Chapel Hill Professor James Phillips hires David Barham from his owner as a college servant

    In 1830 Professor James Phillips hired David Barham from William Barham to work as a college servant. A university account book page from the same year shows students paying a two-dollar fee to compensate the slaveholders whose people were hired as servants.

  193. Construction or physical change · UNC campus (unbuilt) Robert Donaldson has A. J. Davis design a campus hall for the Philanthropic Society that is never built

    In the 1830s alumnus Robert Donaldson, by then living in New York, hired Alexander Jackson Davis to design a hall for the Philanthropic Society on the campus. It was not built, but Donaldson kept up a correspondence with President Swain about gardens, architects and furnishings that led to Davis's later work at Chapel Hill.

  194. Statistic or record · Orange County The census finds Orange County's enslaved population at its peak

    The 1830 census counted 7,339 enslaved people beside 15,918 white residents, a little under 31 percent of the county. The number fell afterward through sales, migration, manumission and the loss of territory to new counties.

  195. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill Trustees meet in emergency session over the university's debts

    With debts of about $37,500 and only some 82 paying students, a special meeting of trustees at Chapel Hill on June 21, 1830 called the whole board to Raleigh on July 19. There a committee under James Iredell reported on the finances, and the board adopted a memorial drawn by Thomas Ruffin asking the General Assembly for relief.

  196. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill Trustees refuse a state loan tied to legislative control of the university

    The General Assembly answered the trustees' memorial with an act having the Literary Board lend $25,000 for five years, but only if the loan became a lien on all university property and the trustees agreed that the legislature could take over the charter. The trustees unanimously rejected it and borrowed $4,000 from the Bank of the United States branch at Fayetteville.

  197. Appointment, election or service · UNC, Chapel Hill Giles Mebane stays at Chapel Hill as a university tutor

    After graduating from the University of North Carolina in 1831, Giles Mebane remained in Chapel Hill as a tutor before starting to practice law.

  198. Appointment, election or service · Chapel Hill Hentz leaves the university and Chapel Hill for Kentucky

    Hentz left the university in 1831. The local Presbyterian community had frowned on his Roman Catholic upbringing and suspected his politics, and after he left French was dropped from the curriculum.

  199. Chapel Hill John DeBerniere Hooper teaches at the university as tutor and professor

    After graduating in 1831 Hooper stayed in Chapel Hill as a tutor in languages, became professor of modern languages in July 1836 and professor of Latin in 1838. He and his wife left Chapel Hill in 1848 to teach and farm near Littleton.

  200. Property or economic transaction · Chapel Hill Trustees offer the university's Chapel Hill lands for sale

    Pressed by debt, the trustees named William Polk, James Mebane and James Webb to offer the unimproved university lands around Chapel Hill for sale. Only a small sum came in, from the sale of the Preparatory School acre; that school had been closed for more than ten years.

  201. Publication, speech or performance · Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina William Mercer Green delivers the literary societies' oration before commencement

    On June 22, 1831, the day before commencement, William Mercer Green delivered an oration at Chapel Hill on the influence of Christianity upon the welfare of nations, under the annual appointment of the Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies. Dennis Heartt printed it in Hillsborough the same year.

  202. Life event · Chapel Hill Cadwallader Jones graduates from the University of North Carolina

    Jones, the son of Cadwallader and Rebecca Edwards Long Jones of West Hill near Hillsborough, took his degree at Chapel Hill in 1832.

  203. Publication, speech or performance · Chapel Hill Judge William Gaston predicts the end of slavery in a UNC commencement address

    Gaston told the university's graduates and guests that slavery would be overthrown. The book says the audience applauded the speech but rejected its antislavery message.

  204. Property or economic transaction · Grand Avenue between Franklin and Rosemary streets, Chapel Hill The university sells the old Grammar School house and grounds

    Thirteen years after the Grammar School closed, the university sold its empty schoolhouse and lot. In the meantime the house had been left vacant and then lived in by a hunter's family.

  205. Chapel Hill The Institute of Education names Gaston to a committee to petition the legislature on popular education

    At its second meeting, held during the 1832 commencement, the North Carolina Institute of Education voted to memorialize the General Assembly on popular education and named William Gaston, Frederick Nash and David L. Swain to the committee.

  206. Property or economic transaction · Chapel Hill English Record Commission sends its publications to the university library

    Between 1833 and 1841 the British government's Record Commission gave the university 83 folio and 24 octavo volumes, among them a printing of the Domesday Book, with twelve books and many pamphlets by its secretary, Charles Parton Cooper.

  207. Appointment, election or service · Orange County, New Hope Presbyterian Church James Phillips is licensed to preach and later serves New Hope Presbyterian Church

    Mathematics professor James Phillips joined the Presbyterian church in 1832 and was licensed to preach by Orange Presbytery in 1833. He was later ordained and installed as minister of New Hope Presbyterian Church, about seven miles outside Chapel Hill, and shared the university chapel work with Elisha Mitchell.

  208. Life event · Chapel Hill Peter Dromgoole disappears from Chapel Hill

    Peter Pelham Dromgoole came to Chapel Hill in January 1833, failed the university's entrance examination and studied under a tutor. That spring, after bitter letters with his father, he vanished from his lodgings, leaving most of his belongings and a debt to a Chapel Hill merchant.

  209. Naming or commemoration · Gerrard Hall Trustees name the new chapel Gerrard Hall

    The trustees sold Major Charles Gerrard's 2,560-acre service tract in Tennessee for $6,400, voted $2,000 of it toward finishing the new chapel that had stood unfinished since about 1824, and resolved that the building be known forever as Gerrard Hall in his memory.

  210. Appointment, election or service · Hillsborough Witherspoon ends seventeen years as pastor at Hillsborough

    Witherspoon severed his connection with the Hillsborough Presbyterian Church and moved to Camden, South Carolina. His advocacy of religious education, Sunday schools and preaching for enslaved people had strained relations with his congregation.

  211. Law, policy or court · Steward's Hall Students win the use of Steward's Hall for the commencement ball

    A committee chosen by a mass meeting of students, with Christopher C. Battle as its writer, petitioned the trustees on November 6, 1833 for a room in Steward's Hall for the commencement ball, and the trustees agreed. The ball managers then invited leading men of the state, among them Governor Swain.

  212. Law, policy or court · Chapel Hill Trustee committee advises against moving the university to Raleigh

    On James Iredell's motion, Governor Swain named fifteen trustees, none from Orange County, to consider moving the university to the capital. In December 1833 they reported removal inexpedient, and the question never came before the board again.

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Compiled and maintained by the Friends of the Orange County Public Library from county records, the sources named on each card, and the index’s event pages. Last updated October 2, 2026.

Two mice reading back to back against a leaf, with the hand-lettered words Friends of the Orange County Public Library
Illustration by Caldecott Medalist Matthew Cordell, gifted to the Friends 2026