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Key local figure

George Moses Horton

George Moses Horton (about 1797-about 1880), enslaved by William Horton and later his son James and grandson Hall, walked eight miles to the University of North Carolina campus and sold students acrostics on their sweethearts' names. His The Hope of Liberty (1829) was the first book published in the South by a Black man.

Source: Documenting the American South: Richard Walser, George Moses Horton, 1798?-ca. 1880 (Dictionary of North Carolina Biography)

1798–1880 as the Library of Congress records it · On the Friends’ Local Authors roster → · Library of Congress authority record ↗

9 indexed works are connected with this person, and the index includes 5 works by George Moses Horton. 3 held at OCPL →

George Moses Horton Historical Marker
George Moses Horton Historical Marker

Indexed works

Works in the index that concern this person directly, or were written by them. Each links to the institution that holds or provides it; background reading with wider context sits further down.

By George Moses Horton

The Black Bard of North Carolina

Horton, George Moses · 1997 · University of North Carolina Press

Selected poems of George Moses Horton (1798?-about 1880), the enslaved North Carolina poet who sold his verses to students at the university in Chapel Hill, in an edition published in 1997 in the Chapel Hill Books series. The volume gathers uncollected poems with selections from his three books, 'The Hope of Liberty', 'The Poetical Works' and 'Naked Genius', and opens with an introduction and a bibliography of his writings. 192 pages.

Reviewed in Choice Reviews Online (1997), The Journal of Southern History (1998), African American Review (1999).

Naked Genius

Horton, George Moses · 1865

George Moses Horton's 1865 poetry collection, the last book by the enslaved poet who sold verses to students at Chapel Hill for decades before gaining his freedom at the end of the Civil War. Revised and compiled by Will H. S. Banks and first published in Raleigh; this later reprint from the Chapel Hill Historical Society runs 160 pages. Topics include nineteenth-century African American poetry.

Poems by a Slave

Horton, George Moses · 1837

George Moses Horton's Poems by a Slave, the 1837 second edition of the collection first issued as The Hope of Liberty, 23 pages, here as an online reproduction of the Oberlin College Library copy. Horton was enslaved in Chatham County, as the preface states, and composed verse for students at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill. The poems include reflections on slavery.

The Hope of Liberty: Containing a Number of Poetical Pieces

Horton, George Moses · 1829

George Moses Horton's first collection of poems, printed in 1829 while he was still enslaved in North Carolina. Horton composed verse for sale to students at the university in Chapel Hill, and the collection includes poems on slavery and liberty.

George Moses Horton poem, 1856

Horton, George Moses, 1798?-approximately 1880 · 1856

A poem by George Moses Horton, born about 1798 and dead by about 1880, dated 1856 and accompanied by a second item. Part of the Southern Historical Collection at UNC, collection 4799-Vault. Horton was an African American poet writing while enslaved in North Carolina. Subjects include Henry A. Dixon, Martha Sugg Dixon, slavery and social life in Chapel Hill.

UNC

About George Moses Horton

Poet: The Remarkable Story of George Moses Horton

Tate, Don · 2015 · Peachtree Publishers

Don Tate's picture-book biography of George Moses Horton (1798?-about 1880), the enslaved North Carolina poet who learned to read on his own, then to write, and saw his poems published while still held in bondage. For years Horton sold love poems to students at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, and his freedom came only with the Civil War. First edition, 2015, 36 unnumbered pages with color illustrations by the author, for young readers.

Why this is here: Catalog heading in the NC State record: Horton, George Moses, 1798?-approximately 1880.

The Black Poet: Being the Remarkable Story of George Moses Horton, a North Carolina Slave

Walser, Richard Gaither · 1966 · Philosophical Library

Richard Walser's biography of George Moses Horton, the enslaved poet who sold verses to students at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill and published while still enslaved. The subtitle notes the story is partly told by Horton himself. Published by the Philosophical Library in 1966, 120 pages with illustrations; this copy is inscribed by the author.

Why this is here: Catalog heading in the NC Cardinal record: Horton, George Moses, 1798?-approximately 1880.

The poetical works of George M. Horton : the colored bard of North-Carolina : to which is prefixed The life of the author

1845

The 1845 Hillsborough edition of George Moses Horton's poems, printed under the title 'the colored bard of North-Carolina' and prefaced by his own account of his life, about eighteen pages of autobiography. Horton, who lived from about 1798 to about 1880, was enslaved in North Carolina. His poems include reflections on slavery and the lives of enslaved people.

Why this is here: Catalog heading in the UNC record: Horton, George Moses, 1798?-approximately 1880.

UNC

George Moses Horton : poem

Harris, Trudier · 2007

Trudier Harris wrote this poem for the dedication of George Moses Horton Residence Hall at the University of North Carolina on 12 February 2007, preserved as a typescript. Horton (1798?-approximately 1880) was an enslaved poet in Chapel Hill.

Why this is here: Catalog heading in the UNC record: Horton, George Moses, 1798?-approximately 1880.

UNC

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Wilson Library, North Carolina Collection

North Carolina ECHO (Project) · 2002

A book of verse by George Moses Horton, billed on its title page as the colored bard of North Carolina and printed in Hillsborough, shown from the North Carolina Collection. Horton was an enslaved poet who sold verses to UNC students in Chapel Hill. NC ECHO photograph, 6 May 2002.

Why this is here: Their name appears in the record.

Simpson and Biddle Family Papers

Unknown · 1721

Papers of John Simpson (1728 to 1788) and Samuel Simpson (1765 to 1836), merchants, planters and legislators of Pitt and Craven counties, and of the Rev. William P. and Mary Simpson Biddle, their son Samuel Simpson Biddle and his children and Carraway in-laws, 1721 to 1928 with a 1944 item. Shipping, cotton, Baptist affairs and the university at Chapel Hill are among the topics. State Archives of North Carolina, PC.1533.

Why this is here: Catalog heading in the State Archives of NC record: Horton, George Moses.

Show 1 more about George Moses Horton

Horton, George Moses (Chapel Hill Historical Society vertical file)

George Moses Horton, the enslaved poet who wrote verse for University of North Carolina students and published 'The Hope of Liberty' in 1829, is covered in clippings, copied articles and published pieces, promotional materials and notes. Undated folder, box 5 of the Individuals and Families series of the Chapel Hill Historical Society's vertical files.

Why this is here: Its title names this person.

Start at OCPL

Books in OCPL’s Rebecca B. Wall Local History Collection whose titles, catalog subjects, or descriptions match this person. The Friends’ recommended starting points are labelled.

Life and Orange County connections

Dated events connected with this person, earliest first. See these 7 dated events in the chronology →

  1. George Moses Horton begins selling poems to UNC students By about age twenty, George Moses Horton, enslaved on a Chatham County farm, was carrying fruit to the UNC campus on Sundays, and students began paying him to compose love poems and acrostics. His first printed poem appeared in April 1829, the year The Hope of Liberty was published.Search the index · Documenting the American South: Richard Walser, George Moses Horton, 1798?-ca. 1880 (Dictionary of North Carolina Biography)
  2. Caroline Lee Hentz befriends and tutors the poet George Moses Horton in Chapel Hill While her husband Nicholas Hentz taught languages at the university, Caroline Lee Hentz befriended the enslaved poet George Moses Horton, tutored him in grammar and helped edit his work. She sent some of his poems to the Lancaster Gazette in her Massachusetts hometown, which printed them in 1829. People: George Moses Horton, Nicholas Marcellus HentzSearch the index · The Carolina Story: Caroline Lee Hentz (1800-1856)
  3. George Moses Horton publishes The Hope of Liberty George Moses Horton’s The Hope of Liberty was published in Raleigh, with supporters hoping sales could finance his freedom.Search the index · NCpedia
  4. George Moses Horton's The Hope of Liberty is reprinted in Philadelphia and Boston The 1829 collection by the enslaved Chapel Hill poet came out in a second edition in Philadelphia in 1837 and a third in Boston in 1838.Search the index · Lefler and Wager, Orange County, 1752-1952 (1953), p. 99
  5. Dennis Heartt prints The Poetical Works of George M. Horton Dennis Heartt printed The Poetical Works of George M. Horton, the Colored Bard of North-Carolina at Hillsborough in 1845, with Horton's autobiography prefixed to the poems. It was the second book by Horton, who was still enslaved when it appeared. People: George Moses HortonSearch the index · Documenting the American South: The Poetical Works of George M. Horton (Hillsborough: D. Heartt, 1845)
  6. George Moses Horton leaves Chapel Hill with the Union cavalry The enslaved poet George Moses Horton, who for decades had written verses for students, lived near Chapel Hill until Federal cavalry arrived in 1865. He left with them and went to Philadelphia with a Union officer after the war.Search the index · Documenting the American South: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. I (1907), p. 604
  7. UNC Libraries opens the exhibit Slavery and the Making of the University University archivists mounted an exhibit on the enslaved and free Black people who built and served the early university, including cabinetmaker Thomas Day and poet George Moses Horton. People: George Moses HortonUNC University Library: Slavery and the Making of the University: Celebrating Our Unsung Heroes, Bond and Free

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Books about George Moses Horton

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Picture: George Moses Horton Historical Marker. Public domain. Helms, Michael. [George Moses Horton Historical Marker]. October 7, 2007. Wikimedia Commons.

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