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William L. Saunders

William L. Saunders (1835–1891), an 1854 graduate of the university, was a chief organizer of the Ku Klux Klan in North Carolina and in Chapel Hill, and in 1871 refused to answer a congressional committee's questions about it. He was a university trustee from 1874 to 1891. Saunders Hall carried his name until May 2015.

Source: Carolina Story: Virtual Museum of University History: William L. Saunders (1835-1891)

Orange County Indexed has not yet linked an indexed work directly to William L. Saunders. The biography and the dated events on this page provide sources about William L. Saunders’ life and work.

Life and Orange County connections

Storylines this person is part of, in date order. Each has its own page.

StorylineHugh McAden, Henry Pattillo and the first Presbyterian congregations, 1753–17901753–1790 · 19 events · Orange County's Presbyterian settlers had congregations before they had ministers. Hugh McAden preached on the Eno and at the Hawfields in 1755 and 1756, and the settlements asked Hanover Presbytery for preachers, but none came regularly until Henry Pattillo became pastor of the Hawfields, Eno and Little River churches in 1765. Pattillo and his fellow ministers condemned the Regulators in 1768 and he preached to Tryon's troops; in 1770 they formed Orange Presbytery, which first met at Hawfields. In 1775 the Provincial Congress sent Pattillo to win former Regulators to the American cause, and about 1790 the old Pattillo field was split into two pastoral charges. StorylineThe test of allegiance in Orange County, 1775–17821775–1782 · 9 events · During the Revolution, Orange County's new authorities sorted friends from enemies by an oath of allegiance. In 1775 the Provincial Congress at Hillsborough tried persuasion with former Regulators and people of scruple. By 1777 the county court was jailing a man who refused the oath and ordering merchants who had traded with Britain to swear or leave within sixty days. Magistrates tendered the oath district by district in 1778, Loyalist property was inventoried, and in 1782 the Assembly named a commissioner of confiscated estates for the Hillsborough District. StorylineThe congressional Ku Klux hearings, 1871January–September 1871 · 22 events · In 1871 two committees of Congress took sworn testimony on the Klan in North Carolina. Before the Senate select committee in January and February, Hillsborough constable W. G. Turrentine, clerk of court George Laws and editor Josiah Turner Jr. gave opposed accounts of the jail raid, hangings and whippings in Orange; before the Joint Select Committee that summer and fall, Dr. Pride Jones told of persuading the Orange Klan to disband in 1870, and William L. Saunders refused to answer.

Dated events connected with this person, in date order. See these 16 dated events in the chronology →

During their lifetime

  1. The Provincial Congress names Caswell, Moore and Pattillo to win over former Regulators The congress at Hillsborough agreed to protect former Regulators who broke the oath of allegiance forced on them after Alamance, and appointed Richard Caswell, Maurice Moore and Henry Pattillo to persuade them to join the American cause. William L. Saunders later remarked on the irony, since Pattillo had joined in denouncing the Regulators in 1768. People: Richard Caswell, Maurice Moore, Henry Pattillo, William L. Saunders Place: HillsboroughInternet Archive: Durward T. Stokes, "Henry Pattillo in North Carolina", North Carolina Historical Review 44 (1967), p. 384
  2. Dialectic and Philanthropic societies hide their books and papers Believing the societies would not be run under their constitutions after the university changed hands, their last officers gave the Dialectic records to Alexander McIver and the Philanthropic records to William L. Saunders. The property lay safe until the societies revived in 1875. People: Alexander McIver, William L. Saunders Place: Chapel HillDocumenting the American South: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. I (1907), p. 785
  3. A squad of Holden's militia marches into Chapel Hill and camps behind the college During the Kirk-Holden war a squad of state militia under a Dr. Emery marched into Chapel Hill and camped behind the college, while some county men took to the woods and Frederick Strudwick and William L. Saunders hid to avoid arrest. Spencer wrote the next year that the militia had broken into the Philanthropic and Dialectic society libraries and taken books. People: Frederick N. Strudwick, William L. Saunders Place: Behind the college, Chapel Hill · Also named: George W. KirkHope Summerell Chamberlain, Old Days in Chapel Hill (1926), scan p. 211 · Also: Trial of William W. Holden
  4. William L. Saunders of Chapel Hill refuses to answer the congressional Klan committee Called before the joint committee on affairs in the insurrectionary states, Saunders, whom the book names as head of the Invisible Empire in North Carolina, declined to answer 53 questions about the Ku Klux. People: William L. Saunders Place: Chapel HillLefler and Wager, Orange County, 1752-1952 (1953), p. 117-118 · Also: Hillsborough Recorder, September 27, 1871, p. 2
  5. The General Assembly elects sixty-four trustees, who organize under William A. Graham with Kemp Battle as secretary and treasurer By an act of January 28, 1874, the legislature elected sixty-four university trustees by joint ballot, only two of them from the Reconstruction board, and fourteen of them men removed in 1868. The new board first met on February 18, 1874, in the Citizens National Bank in Raleigh, elected William A. Graham of Hillsborough its president and Kemp P. Battle its secretary and treasurer, named an executive committee, and the next day sent a committee to inspect Chapel Hill, after Governor Tod R. Caldwell declined to preside because he held the legislature had no power to elect trustees. People: William A. Graham, Kemp Plummer Battle, Paul C. Cameron, John Manning, Tod Robinson Caldwell, William L. Saunders Place: Citizens National Bank, RaleighInternet Archive: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. 2 (1912), full text
  6. Walter Steele and Paul Cameron inspect the derelict campus and Solomon Pool refuses to surrender the keys On April 3, 1874, trustees Walter L. Steele and Paul C. Cameron came to Chapel Hill for the new board. Solomon Pool declined their written request for the keys and possession of the buildings, since the governor had not recognized the board, but let them inspect as visitors. Their report to the trustees on April 9 described broken doors and fallen plaster, the lower passage of Old West fouled by cattle and horses, rotted gates and axe-scarred oaks, 7,490 books in the Dialectic library and 6,901 in the Philanthropic, and recommended an immediate suit against Pool for possession. People: Paul C. Cameron, Solomon Pool, William L. Saunders, James B. Mason Place: Chapel Hill · Also named: Walter L. SteeleInternet Archive: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. 2 (1912), full text
  7. The Dialectic and Philanthropic societies meet again On the evening of the reopening celebration the two literary societies were revived, the Dialectic called together by its last secretary, Thomas M. Argo, with Judge William H. Battle as temporary president. William L. Saunders, who had kept the Philanthropic Society's books since its last meeting in 1868, called that society together. People: William Horn Battle, William L. Saunders Place: Chapel Hill · Also named: Thomas M. ArgoDocumenting the American South: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. II (1912), p. 98 · Also: The Daily Tar Heel, September 15, 1975, p. 3
  8. William L. Saunders becomes secretary of the university, and later its treasurer as well After Seaton Gales died in 1878, the trustees chose Saunders as the university's secretary; once President Battle gave up the treasurership, Saunders held both offices, which he kept until his death in 1891. People: Kemp Plummer Battle Place: Chapel Hill · Also named: Seaton GalesSearch the index · Documenting the American South: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. II (1912), p. 125
  9. The Alumni Association names a committee to help raise money for the university The university's Alumni Association appointed Julian S. Carr, Fred Phillips, S. F. Phillips, Mills L. Eure and Charles M. Stedman to work with the trustees in raising funds. Secretary W. L. Saunders was receiving gifts, among them $5 from James W. Wilson of the class of 1852. People: Julian S. Carr, Samuel Field Phillips, William L. Saunders Place: University, Chapel Hill · Also named: Fred Phillips, Mills L. Eure, Charles M. StedmanSearch the index · The Chapel Hill Ledger, February 21, 1880, p. 2
  10. Cornelia Phillips Spencer writes a short school history of North Carolina Spencer took a Raleigh publisher's commission for a short history of North Carolina for elementary schools and wrote it out by hand in the Loves' new house on East Franklin Street. Before it was printed the publisher had William L. Saunders read it, and Saunders cut or toned down some of her statements about the Civil War without asking her, by Love's account. The book, First Steps in North Carolina History, was out by 1889; that November the Wilmington Messenger reported that she was rewriting parts readers had objected to. People: Cornelia Phillips Spencer, William L. Saunders Place: Love house, Chapel Hill · Also mentions: East Franklin StreetSearch the index · James Lee Love, Recollections (1920-1921), scan p. 263 · Also: Orange County Observer (Hillsborough), November 16, 1889, p. 2
  11. Secretary of State William L. Saunders searches Orange County's old records for state history William L. Saunders, North Carolina's secretary of state, spent some days in Hillsborough searching the county's old records and books for material on the history of North Carolina. Place: HillsboroughSearch the index · Orange County Observer (Hillsborough), November 19, 1887, p. 3
  12. Trustees elect Richard H. Battle secretary and treasurer of the university At the 1891 commencement meeting the trustees elected Richard H. Battle of Raleigh, a trustee since 1879, secretary and treasurer of the university in place of the late William L. Saunders. He held the office until his death in 1912. People: Richard H. Battle, William L. Saunders Place: Chapel HillSearch the index · Documenting the American South: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. II (1912), p. 461
Show all 13 dated events
  1. Tablets to Mangum, Saunders, Ruffin, Cameron and Polk are put up in Memorial Hall Memorial tablets to Dr. A. W. Mangum, Col. William L. Saunders, Judge Ruffin, Paul C. Cameron and Col. Polk of the Revolution were set in place in Memorial Hall in time for commencement. People: William L. Saunders, Thomas Ruffin, Paul C. Cameron, Adolphus Williamson Mangum Place: Memorial Hall, University, Chapel HillSearch the index · The Chapel Hillian, June 2, 1891, p. 3

After their death in 1891

Later events: estates and burials, and the buildings, honors and histories that remember them.

  1. UNC trustees name a new classroom building for William L. Saunders The trustees named one of the new buildings Saunders Hall to honor Saunders as a Confederate veteran, a university trustee and a leader of the state Ku Klux Klan. It was built for the history department. Place: Chapel Hill · Also mentions: Saunders HallSearch the index · UNC Libraries: A Guide to Researching Campus Monuments and Buildings: Carolina Hall (formerly Saunders Hall)
  2. Students call for William L. Saunders's name to come off Saunders Hall The Real Silent Sam Coalition, a student group, began a campaign to remove Saunders's name from the building because of his leadership in the Ku Klux Klan. The trustees renamed it Carolina Hall in May 2015. Place: Chapel HillSearch the index · Carolina Story: Virtual Museum of University History: William L. Saunders (1835-1891)
  3. Saunders Hall is renamed Carolina Hall UNC trustees approved the name change in May 2015; the building received its new name that August. People: William L. Saunders Place: Chapel HillSearch the index · UNC A to Z — Carolina Hall

Places in this person’s story

Buildings, schools, churches and other sites named in the dated events on this page, the most often named first. The map shows the 4 with a known location.

Map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Site locations from the N.C. State Historic Preservation Office survey, Open Orange, Orange County GIS, OpenStreetMap and a few other published sources named on each site’s page; town and community pins show approximate locations.

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People named in the same events

People named in the same dated entries as William L. Saunders, those sharing the most entries first. Each line links one of the shared entries in the chronology, where its source is cited. A shared entry shows these people in the same event, not how well they knew each other.

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Background on The university closes and reopens

Background reading on The university closes and reopens. These works cover the broader subject and may not discuss William L. Saunders. Follow a link to find a copy or view the material.

The James A. Graham papers, 1861-1884

Graham, James Augustus, 1841-1908 · 1928 · The University of North Carolina press

Civil War letters of James Augustus Graham, 1841 to 1908, printed in 1928 by the University of North Carolina Press, together with the descriptive book of the Orange Guards, Company G of the 27th North Carolina Infantry. The descriptive book registers the men of the company. Part of the library's Wall Local History Collection.

Adolphus Williamson Mangum : memorial address delivered in the chapel of the university, Sunday, May 31st, 1891

Daniels, Josephus, 1862-1948 · 1891 · Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies

Josephus Daniels's memorial address for Adolphus Williamson Mangum, delivered in the university chapel at Chapel Hill on Sunday, May 31, 1891 and printed by the Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies. Mangum, who died in 1890, was a Methodist minister on the University of North Carolina faculty. The text was detached from the North Carolina University Magazine for that year.

UNC

John DeBerniere Hooper : a memorial

Spencer, Cornelia Phillips, 1825-1908 · 1886 · Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies

A memorial of John DeBerniere Hooper, a member of the University of North Carolina faculty, who died in 1886. Cornelia Phillips Spencer wrote it, and the Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies printed it at Chapel Hill after it appeared in the North Carolina University magazine for March 1886. It is faculty biography and North Carolina biography.

UNC

Papers,

Craig, Locke · 1880

Papers of Locke Craig, Asheville lawyer who served in the North Carolina legislature from 1898 to 1903 and as governor from 1913 to 1917. The 126 items, beginning in 1880, include personal letters, political and religious speeches, an address on Freemasonry, and a chemistry notebook he kept as a University of North Carolina student. Kemp P. Battle, Henry G. Connor and Woodrow Wilson are among the names that appear.

Algernon Barbee address, 1871.

Barbee, Algernon, 1840-1918 · 1871

An address given by Algernon Barbee (1840-1918) in 1871, concerning Methodists and religious life and customs in Chapel Hill. Southern Historical Collection at UNC, collection 44-z.

UNC

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