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Local figure

William Polk

William Polk was a trustee of the University of North Carolina from 1790 until his death in 1834 and president of the trustees from 1802 to 1805. A Revolutionary officer, first president of the State Bank and an enslaver, he was paid in 1823 for the labor of five enslaved men he hired out to build Old West.

Source: NCpedia: Polk, William (Daniel M. McFarland, revised by Government & Heritage Library, 2023)

1758–1834 · Dates from the Library of Congress · Library of Congress authority record ↗

1 work about William Polk is indexed here, as is one work by Polk.

Life and Orange County connections

Storylines this person is part of, in date order. Each has its own page.

StorylinePerson Hall and the Main Building (South Building), 1796–18141796–1814 · 8 events · Finishing the University's first chapel and its Main Building took private gifts, lotteries and years of waiting. Thomas Person's $1,050 completed the chapel, named Person Hall, in 1798. That year Charles Gerrard's bequest of Tennessee land emboldened the trustees to lay the cornerstone of the Main Building, but its walls stood roofless for years for want of money. Lotteries in 1801 and 1802, William Polk's appeal of 1803 and Joseph Caldwell's subscription tours of 1809 and 1811 paid for the work, and students moved into the building, later South Building, in 1814. StorylineStudent disorder and the trustees' discipline, 1799–18191799–1819 · 15 events · In its first twenty years the University's students repeatedly defied its faculty and trustees, and the board answered with expulsions, new ordinances and in 1817 the courts. Students beat principal Gillaspie in 1799, about forty-five left in 1805 over an oath for monitors, an 1811 outbreak left no graduates, and in 1816 a forbidden oration brought expulsions and a powder bomb at a tutor's door. Duels, a stabbing at the 1804 ball and an 1818 beating of an enslaved man ran alongside, until in 1819 students had to hand in six pistols and two dirks. StorylineRaising Old East and building Old West and Gerrard Hall, 1821–18371821–1837 · 8 events · About 1821, at Joseph Caldwell's urging and against the faculty's plea to spend on books and apparatus, the trustees voted to raise Old East a story, build Old West to match it and start a new chapel, borrowing from banks against Tennessee land sales. William Nichols ran the work. Bills from it list enslaved carpenters, bricklayers and laborers, with their pay due to their owners, and the University paid trustee William Polk $600 for the labor of men he enslaved. Battle gives the cost of Nichols's work as about $26,587. The chapel stood unfinished until 1833, when the sale of Major Charles Gerrard's Tennessee tract paid toward it and it was named Gerrard Hall; Thomas Waitt completed it in 1837. StorylineThe University’s debts and the sale of its Tennessee lands, 1830–18371830–1837 · 11 events · With debts of about $37,500 and only some 82 paying students in 1830, the University's trustees refused the General Assembly's terms for help and sold property instead. The Assembly offered a $25,000 loan only as a lien on all University property, with the legislature free to take over the charter, and the trustees refused. They sold the Grammar School lot and, in 1833, their Bank of Newbern stock. In 1835 a new executive committee sent Treasurer Charles Manly to Tennessee, where 42,345 acres plus the 20,000 Smith acres went to Orme and Gifford of Boston. In 1837 the endowment went into Bank of the State shares, whose dividends, with tuition, made up the University's income until the Civil War.

Dated events connected with this person, in date order. See these 12 dated events in the chronology →

  1. The university raises money for the Main Building by lottery The legislature of 1801 let the trustees raise up to $4,000 by lotteries. Two drawings, the first of 1,500 five-dollar tickets and the second in 1802, cleared $5,080.81, though agents were slow to account for tickets. People: John Haywood, William Polk Place: Chapel HillSearch the index · Documenting the American South: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. I (1907), p. 126
  2. A student duel brings expulsions and a trustee order against dueling Quarrels in the spring of 1803 led to challenges and at least one meeting. Samuel G. Hopkins was expelled for fighting and John H. Hawkins for acting as second, and the trustees ordered that anyone in a duel be expelled and handed to the civil authorities. People: Joseph Caldwell, William Polk, Samuel Hopkins Place: Chapel Hill · Also named: John H. HawkinsSearch the index · Documenting the American South: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. I (1907), p. 198
  3. Board president William Polk appeals for money to finish the Main Building and stock the library With the lottery money not enough to finish the Main Building, Polk, as president of the trustees, issued an appeal over its roofless walls and nearly empty library shelves. The drive raised $1,664 in cash; Polk gathered gifts from about fifty donors and gave $100 himself. Place: Chapel HillSearch the index · Documenting the American South: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. I (1907), p. 128
  4. A quarrel at the 1804 commencement ball ends in a stabbing and a trial before the trustees At the commencement ball in Steward's Hall, Hyder Ally Davie twice trod on the toes of Henry Chambers of Salisbury while dancing. Outside, Chambers struck him and Davie stabbed Chambers in the neck with a penknife. The trustees, among them William R. Davie and William Polk, tried the case in the chapel the next day. People: William Richardson Davie, William Polk Place: Steward's Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill · Also named: Hyder Ally Davie, Henry ChambersSearch the index · William Hooper, Fifty Years Since: An Address Delivered before the Alumni of the University of North-Carolina (1859), scan p. 17 · Also: Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. I
  5. Trustees repeal the monitor ordinance that set off the student secession The 1805 law made student monitors swear to report every breach of the rules, and forty-five students signed a remonstrance and left when it was only softened. The board repealed it unanimously in December, but few of the seceders came back. People: Archibald D. Murphey, Duncan Cameron, William Polk Place: Chapel HillSearch the index · Documenting the American South: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. I (1907), p. 204
  6. Joseph Caldwell is elected president a second time After William Neill and Lewis von Schweinitz declined the office, the trustees returned the presidency to Caldwell by a commission taking effect January 1, 1817. People: Joseph Caldwell, John Haywood, William Polk Place: Chapel Hill · Also named: Lewis von SchweinitzSearch the index · Documenting the American South: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. I (1907), p. 245
  7. Trustee William Polk hires out five enslaved men to build Old West Jourdan, Jim, Stephen, Charles and Joe, men enslaved by William Polk, worked on the construction of Old West, then called New College. By a settlement of May 22, 1823, the university had paid Polk $600 for their labor. Place: Chapel Hill · Also named: Charles, Jim, Joe, Jourdan, StephenSearch the index · UNC Libraries, Slavery and the Making of the University: 22 May 1823, "Settlement with Col. William Polk."
  8. At William Polk's instance the trustees order professors to keep office hours and visit student rooms at night Each professor was given a room in the college buildings and required to be in it during set morning and afternoon hours, and to visit every student's room at night at least three times a week. Battle says the code was Polk's, that it was obeyed unevenly until near the Civil War, and that it caused endless friction. Place: Chapel HillSearch the index · Documenting the American South: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. I (1907), p. 304
  9. Trustees offer the university's Chapel Hill lands for sale Pressed by debt, the trustees named William Polk, James Mebane and James Webb to offer the unimproved university lands around Chapel Hill for sale. Only a small sum came in, from the sale of the Preparatory School acre; that school had been closed for more than ten years. People: James Webb, William Polk, James Mebane Place: Chapel HillSearch the index · Documenting the American South: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. I (1907), p. 334
  10. Trustees name the new chapel Gerrard Hall The trustees sold Major Charles Gerrard's 2,560-acre service tract in Tennessee for $6,400, voted $2,000 of it toward finishing the new chapel that had stood unfinished since about 1824, and resolved that the building be known forever as Gerrard Hall in his memory. People: William Gaston, George E. Badger, William Polk Place: Gerrard Hall · Also named: Charles GerrardSearch the index · Documenting the American South: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. I (1907), p. 350
  11. University trustees sell their Bank of Newbern stock at auction to pay bank debts On the board's order, the trustees' 211 shares in the Bank of Newbern were sold at public auction for $15,208.56, the buyers including John Snead of Newbern, Col. William Polk and Alfred Jones. The money went at once to the State Bank and the Bank of Newbern toward the university's debts to them. People: William Polk, Charles Manly Place: University of North Carolina (trustees' business) · Also named: John Snead, Alfred JonesSearch the index · The Harbinger (Chapel Hill), January 9, 1834, p. 1
  12. Col. William Polk sells part of the university's Gerrard lands in Tennessee Col. William Polk sold part of the Gerrard lands the trustees held in Tennessee to Benjamin Kelly of Stewart County, Tennessee, taking four bonds of $500 each payable in yearly installments. He endorsed the bonds to the trustees and also turned over $125 he had collected in rent on the lands. Place: University of North Carolina lands, Stewart County, Tennessee · Also named: Benjamin KellySearch the index · The Harbinger (Chapel Hill), January 9, 1834, p. 1

People named in the same events

People named in the same dated entries as William Polk, those sharing the most entries first. Each line links one of the shared entries in the chronology, where its source is cited. A shared entry shows these people in the same event, not how well they knew each other.

Indexed works

Works about or by William Polk. Each links to the institution that holds or provides it. Background reading appears below.

By William Polk

R[egu]lations adopted by the Boa[rd of Vis]itors of the University of North Carolina at th[ei]r meeting in May, 1826

University of North Carolina (1793-1962). Board of Visitors; Polk, William, 1758-1834 · 1826 · University of North Carolina, Board of Visitors

Regulations the Board of Visitors adopted for the University of North Carolina at its meeting in May 1826, signed by William Polk as chairman. The rules address the health and comfort of students, the preservation of the college buildings and grounds, and the policing and government of the university. Printed at Chapel Hill, with parts of the title lost to damage.

UNC

About William Polk

Senate Joint Resolutions (August 12-19)

North Carolina. General Assembly · 1778

Joint resolutions of the North Carolina Senate from 12 to 19 August 1778, 47 images. They include setting up a Board of Auditors, paying Thomas Owen, a rejected plan to let county courts call out militia against Tories, and leave for Col. Ebenezer Folson to sell public guns. Hillsborough figures in the session's business.

Included because: Catalog heading in the NC Digital Collections record: Polk, William, 1758-1834.

NC Digital Collections record courtesy of the North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources.

Start at OCPL

Books in OCPL’s Rebecca B. Wall Local History Collection whose titles, catalog subjects, or descriptions match this person. The Friends’ recommended starting points are labelled.

  • Rebecca Wall Collection · NC 975.691 PAT Sketches of Polk County History Patton, Sadie Smathers · 1976

    Polk County, in the mountains of western North Carolina on the South Carolina line, was formed in 1855 from Henderson and Rutherford counties and named for the Revolutionary colonel William Polk; Columbus is its seat. Sadie Smathers Patton wrote its history as a series of sketches, reissued by the Reprint Company of Spartanburg in 1976 with plates and an index.

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Map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Site locations from the N.C. State Historic Preservation Office survey, Open Orange, Orange County GIS, OpenStreetMap and a few other published sources named on each site’s page; town and community pins show approximate locations.

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