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Storyline · 1965–1989

Race and UNC's fraternities and sororities, 1965–1989

In 1965, after a visiting Liberian student was insulted outside a fraternity house and faculty members asked about discriminatory clauses, UNC's Faculty Council ordered every fraternity and sorority to certify by September 1966 that no rule kept it from pledging a student because of race, creed or national origin. All had dropped their clauses by the fall of 1966, and in 1967 Charlie Scott pledged St. Anthony Hall; the Daily Tar Heel called him the first Black student accepted into a fraternity pledge class at Carolina. Black Ink called Omega Psi Phi and Delta Sigma Theta, chartered in 1973, UNC's first Black fraternity and sorority. After the only Black woman in the 1982 sorority rush received no bid, sorority women organized against discrimination, and the 1983 rush opened with an integrated round. Forums in 1988 and 1989 brought Black and white Greek members together to discuss the separate systems; in 1989 panelists favored joint events but not a merger.

1965–1989 Filed under UNC & Campus Life 20 dated events

In February 1965 a Liberian student from Benedict College, visiting for the Model United Nations, said a group in front of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon house had called him a racial slur, and he and the UNC graduate student with him protested to the dean of men and the newspapers. On February 19 a Free Speech Movement rally in Y-Court protested the Speaker Ban and fraternity race clauses, and later that month, after a pellet was fired into Kenan Dormitory, faculty members asked Chancellor Paul F. Sharp whether fraternities had discriminatory clauses. On March 5 the Faculty Council unanimously required every social and professional fraternity and sorority chapter to certify by September 1, 1966 that no rule kept it from pledging a student because of race, creed or national origin, or show cause why the University should not withdraw recognition. Four fraternities then had written clauses restricting members by race or religion. In September 1965 the campus NAACP chapter planned test rushes to show a pattern of discrimination in the fraternities. By the fall of 1966 every fraternity and sorority had removed its clause, Sigma Nu last, waiving its national clause in June although the national fraternity had voted to keep it. In the spring of 1967 basketball player Charlie Scott pledged St. Anthony Hall, and the Daily Tar Heel called him the first Black student accepted into a fraternity pledge class at Carolina.

Omega Psi Phi made its first UNC members on February 16, 1973, a chapter of about ten whose pledges had drawn crowds stepping in front of Chase Cafeteria, and Black Ink called it the University's first Black fraternity. On July 21 Delta Sigma Theta made five students members of its new Kappa Omicron chapter, which Black Ink called the first Black sorority at the University; the chapter put service to the Black community first. By December 1980 the three Black fraternities, Alpha Phi Alpha, Kappa Alpha Psi and Omega Psi Phi, had decided not to pay Inter-Fraternity Council dues for the fall semester, saying they got little benefit from a council geared to the 24 predominantly white, house-owning fraternities, and their presidents discussed forming a council of their own. By March 1981 a Black Greek Council, a subcommittee of the Inter-Fraternity and Panhellenic councils, spoke for UNC's six Black fraternities and sororities, and the Daily Tar Heel credited it with more Black Greek participation in that week's Greek Week and in joint service projects. On April 23, 1982 a charter line of six students founded the Xi Gamma chapter of Phi Beta Sigma.

When formal rush for the National Panhellenic sororities ended on bid day, September 9, 1982, all 423 bids had gone to white women, and the only Black woman to rush, the first since the fall of 1979, received none. The Daily Tar Heel reported one sorority member's account that some houses dropped her because of alumni pressure or her race, which sorority presidents denied, and the Panhellenic president later wrote that the houses must face the issue before the next rush. By November about 20 sorority women had formed Sorority Women Against Discrimination, which held weekly discussions on racism and set out to end racial discrimination in the next August's rush and to sound out alumnae, with the support of the Panhellenic Council, the Campus Y and Vice Chancellor Donald Boulton. By January 1983 the Panhellenic Council had added the three Black sororities to its membership and was planning an integrated rush, and on January 31 the group held an open forum for about 100 people. Its coordinator said it wanted race kept out of bid decisions rather than affirmative action, Fred Schroeder, director of student life, said all student groups should be open to anyone regardless of race, and Panhellenic adviser Sharon Mitchell said the council had made race relations the theme of Greek Week. Sorority rush in 1983 opened from August 30 to September 1 with a new information round in which about 800 women, about 30 of them Black, visited every sorority house, the three Black sororities' among them, without being recruited; the Daily Tar Heel called it the first racially integrated rush in the history of the Chapel Hill sororities. The later rounds were not integrated. In late October 1984 Black Greek Council representatives began question-and-answer meetings with white fraternities, starting at Chi Psi and then Lambda Chi Alpha, to confront racism in the Greek system, after a Black fraternity leader serving as the Inter-Fraternity Council's minority relations assistant called the council racist. On February 29, 1988 about 200 people in the Carolina Union auditorium heard members of Black and white fraternities and sororities talk about the separate Greek systems, their different purposes and how rush kept them apart, at the first of a series of forums on campus racial problems planned by Racial Awareness through Campus Interaction and Learning; Vice Chancellor Harold Wallace moderated. On November 1, 1989 the Panhellenic Council, the Inter-Fraternity Council, the Black Greek Council and student government held a Greek Forum in Hamilton Hall, where a panel discussed pledging and rush and how to improve relations between UNC's Black and white Greek organizations; the panelists favored joint social and service events but not merging the two systems.

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The events, date by date

Every statement above comes from these dated entries in the chronology. Each links to its source.

  1. A Liberian student visiting for the Model UN protests a racial insult outside a fraternity house A Liberian student from Benedict College, in Chapel Hill as a Model United Nations delegate and wearing his national dress, said a group in front of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon house called him a racial slur and called the UNC graduate student with him a slur as well. The two protested in letters to Dean of Men William G. Long and the newspapers; police found no witnesses, Long and Student Body President Bob Spearman apologized, and Chancellor Paul F. Sharp called it an alleged incident that did not reflect the campus. People: Paul F. Sharp Place: Sigma Alpha Epsilon house, Fraternity Court, Columbia Street, Chapel Hill · Also named: William G. Long, Bob SpearmanSearch the index · The Daily Tar Heel, February 14, 1965, p. 1
  2. A Free Speech Movement rally in Y-Court protests the Speaker Ban and fraternity race clauses About 1,500 people, by the campus police chief's count, filled Y-Court at noon for a protest rally organized by graduate student James W. Gardner with the Chapel Hill CORE, the UNC NAACP, the Student Peace Union and a new Free Speech Movement. Gardner called the Speaker Ban a law passed to punish the University for its part in the civil rights movement; much of the crowd heckled, a Confederate flag hung from Old West, and firecrackers and eggs were thrown at the speakers' stand. Place: Y-Court, YMCA building, UNC campus, Chapel Hill · Also named: James W. GardnerThe Daily Tar Heel, February 20, 1965, p. 1
  3. Faculty members press Chancellor Sharp after a pellet is fired into Kenan Dormitory The shot came on the day of a campus rally, and the campus police chief called it minor. The professors asked whether the university's hiring and admissions practices favored white people and whether fraternities had discriminatory clauses. People: Paul F. Sharp Place: Kenan Dormitory, University of North Carolina, Chapel HillSearch the index · Sixty Years of Struggle: A Documented History of Housekeepers at U.N.C. (1996), scan p. 71
  4. The Faculty Council orders fraternities and sororities to drop race and religion clauses by 1966 The UNC Faculty Council unanimously required every social and professional fraternity and sorority chapter to certify by September 1, 1966, that no national or local rule kept it from pledging a student because of race, creed or national origin, or show cause why the University should not withdraw recognition. Four fraternities then had written clauses restricting members by race or religion, and others required members to be "socially acceptable" to the national. People: Paul F. Sharp Place: Faculty Council, UNC, Chapel HillSearch the index · The Daily Tar Heel, March 6, 1965, p. 1
  5. The UNC NAACP chapter maps a campaign against segregation in fraternities and athletics Meeting in the Alumni Building, 23 members of the UNC chapter of the NAACP discussed test rushes to show a pattern of discrimination in campus fraternities, named a committee to press the athletic department on recruiting Black athletes, and planned their own recruiting of Black students. The chapter noted that UNC's teams and, to its knowledge, its faculty were all white; the athletic director denied discrimination, and the chancellor pointed to a Black clinical instructor in oral surgery. People: Paul F. Sharp Place: Alumni Building, UNC, Chapel HillThe Daily Tar Heel, October 2, 1965, p. 1
  6. All UNC fraternities and sororities drop their discriminatory membership clauses By the fall term every fraternity and sorority at UNC had removed its discriminatory membership clause, meeting the Faculty Council on Fraternities and Sororities' order of March 6, 1965, which set a deadline of September 1, 1966. Sigma Nu was the last; it waived its national clause in June 1966 although the national fraternity had voted to keep it. Place: University of North Carolina, Chapel HillSearch the index · The Daily Tar Heel, September 17, 1966, p. 6
  7. St. Anthony Hall takes Charlie Scott into its pledge class Freshman basketball player Charlie Scott became a pledge of St. Anthony Hall during spring rush, and the Daily Tar Heel called him the first Black student accepted into a fraternity pledge class at Carolina. Chapter president Barry Armour said Scott was accepted for his personality, and a Daily Tar Heel editorial praised the brothers for crossing the racial barrier. People: Charlie Scott Place: St. Anthony Hall, Chapel Hill · Also named: Barry ArmourSearch the index · The Daily Tar Heel, February 19, 1967, p. 1
  8. Omega Psi Phi becomes UNC's first Black fraternity Omega Psi Phi made its first UNC members on February 16, 1973, the university's first Black fraternity. The new chapter numbered about ten, and its pledges had drawn crowds stepping in front of Chase Cafeteria. Place: Chase Cafeteria, University, Chapel HillSearch the index · Black Ink (Black Student Movement, UNC), September 1973, p. 7
  9. Delta Sigma Theta charters UNC's first Black sorority chapter Delta Sigma Theta made five UNC students members of its new Kappa Omicron chapter on July 21, 1973, the first Black sorority at the university. The chapter put service to the Black community first. Place: University, Chapel HillSearch the index · Black Ink (Black Student Movement, UNC), September 1973, p. 7 · Also: The Daily Tar Heel, August 2, 1973, p. 2
  10. UNC's three Black fraternities withhold their Inter-Fraternity Council dues Alpha Phi Alpha, Kappa Alpha Psi and Omega Psi Phi decided not to pay Inter-Fraternity Council dues for the fall semester, saying they got little benefit from a council geared to the 24 predominantly white, house-owning fraternities, and their presidents discussed forming their own council. Place: University, Chapel HillThe Daily Tar Heel, December 4, 1980, p. 1
  11. UNC's Black fraternities and sororities form the Black Greek Council A Black Greek Council was newly formed as a subcommittee of the Inter-Fraternity and Panhellenic councils to speak for UNC's six Black fraternities and sororities, whose representatives had complained that their interests were lost in the mostly white Greek system. The Daily Tar Heel credited it with more Black Greek participation in that week's Greek Week and in joint service projects. Place: University, Chapel HillThe Daily Tar Heel, March 26, 1981, p. 8
  12. Phi Beta Sigma founds its Xi Gamma chapter at UNC A charter line of six students founded the Xi Gamma chapter of Phi Beta Sigma at UNC on April 23, 1982. By fall 1987 it had added 24 brothers, and it worked with the Sigma Doves sweetheart court founded in April 1983. Place: University, Chapel HillBlack Ink (Black Student Movement, UNC), October 28, 1987, p. 8
Show all 20 dated events
  1. UNC's white sororities end fall rush without offering a bid to the only Black woman who rushed When formal rush for UNC's National Panhellenic sororities ended on bid day, September 9, 1982, all 423 bids went to white women and the only Black woman to rush, the first since fall 1979, received none. The Daily Tar Heel reported one sorority member's account that some houses dropped her because of alumni pressure or her race, which sorority presidents denied; Panhellenic president Bonnie Fass later wrote that the houses must face the issue before the next rush. Place: Sorority houses, Chapel Hill · Also named: Bonnie FassSearch the index · The Daily Tar Heel, September 17, 1982, p. 1
  2. Sorority women form Sorority Women Against Discrimination to open UNC rush to Black women After the only Black woman in the fall 1982 rush at UNC's 11 all-white sororities, the first to go through it since 1979, received no bid, about 20 sorority women formed Sorority Women Against Discrimination (SWAD), which held weekly discussions on racism and set out to end racial discrimination in the next August's rush and to sound out alumnae. The group was independent but had the support of the Panhellenic Council, the Campus Y and Vice Chancellor Donald Boulton. Place: Sororities, University, Chapel Hill · Also named: Donald Boulton · Also mentions: Campus YThe Daily Tar Heel, November 4, 1982, p. 3
  3. Sorority Women Against Discrimination holds an open forum on racial bias in sorority rush On January 31, 1983, Sorority Women Against Discrimination, formed by sorority members in the fall of 1982 after they concluded that a Black woman had been denied a bid because of her race, held an open forum for about 100 people on ending racial discrimination in rush. Coordinator Andrea Stumpf said the group wanted race kept out of bid decisions rather than affirmative action; Fred Schroeder, director of student life, said all student groups should be open to anyone regardless of race, and Panhellenic adviser Sharon Mitchell said the council now included the three Black sororities and had made race relations the theme of Greek Week. Place: University, Chapel Hill · Also named: Andrea Stumpf, Fred Schroeder, Sharon MitchellSearch the index · The Daily Tar Heel, February 3, 1983, p. 3
  4. UNC's Panhellenic Council now includes the three Black sororities and plans an integrated rush The Panhellenic Council, which elected Burnet Carlisle president, had added UNC's three Black sororities to its membership and was planning an integrated rush for the fall of 1983 in which rushees would visit both Black and white houses, supporting the work of Sorority Women Against Discrimination after a Black rushee received no bid from a white sorority in the fall of 1982. Place: University, Chapel Hill · Also named: Burnet CarlisleThe Daily Tar Heel, January 21, 1983, p. 3
  5. UNC sororities open rush with an integrated round that includes the Black sororities Formal rush for UNC's sororities, which ended on September 15, 1983, began with a new information round from August 30 to September 1 in which about 800 women, among them about 30 Black women, visited every sorority house, including those of the three Black sororities, without being recruited; the Daily Tar Heel called it the first racially integrated rush in the history of the Chapel Hill sororities. The later rounds were not integrated, and 652 women went on to formal rush. Place: Sorority houses, Chapel HillSearch the index · The Daily Tar Heel, September 16, 1983, p. 1
  6. The Black Greek Council begins forums with white fraternities on racism Black Greek Council representatives began question-and-answer meetings with white fraternities, starting at Chi Psi and then Lambda Chi Alpha, to confront racism in the Greek system after a Black fraternity leader serving as the Interfraternity Council's minority relations assistant called the council racist. Place: University, Chapel HillBlack Ink (Black Student Movement, UNC), November 5, 1984, p. 4
  7. RACIAL holds a forum on the separation of Black and white fraternities and sororities About 200 people in the Carolina Union auditorium heard members of Black and white fraternities and sororities talk frankly about the separate Greek systems, their different purposes and how rush kept them apart, at the first of a series of forums on campus racial problems planned by Racial Awareness through Campus Interaction and Learning. Vice Chancellor Harold Wallace moderated. Place: Carolina Union auditorium, UNC, Chapel Hill · Also named: Harold WallaceSearch the index · The Daily Tar Heel, March 1, 1988, p. 1
  8. Greek Forum takes up relations between Black and white fraternities and sororities The Panhellenic Council, Inter-Fraternity Council, Black Greek Council and student government held a forum in which a panel discussed pledging and rush and how to improve relations between UNC's Black and white Greek organizations; panelists favored joint social and service events but not merging the two systems. Place: Hamilton Hall, University, Chapel HillThe Daily Tar Heel, November 2, 1989, p. 1

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People in this storyline

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Reading on the places and people in this storyline

No indexed work is about this storyline itself yet. These are about the sites and people its dated events name, those named most often first, so they may discuss the storyline only in part. Follow a link to find a copy or view the material.

About Paul F. Sharp · named in 4 of this story’s entries

Progress and protests : UNC-Chapel Hill leaders during "the Long Sixties" (1957-1972) : covering chancellors William Brantley Aycock, Paul F. Sharp, and J. Carlyle Sitterson

Roundtree, Lynn · 2024 · Lynn Roundtree

Lynn Roundtree covers the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill between 1957 and 1972 through its three chancellors, William Brantley Aycock, Paul F. Sharp and J. Carlyle Sitterson, set against the student movements of those years. Part of the Coates university leadership series, published by the author in 2024 and running to 926 pages. It is twentieth century campus history.

UNC

Proclamation : to all to whom these presents may come, greetings

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · 1965 · University of North Carolina

A broadside poster, 59 by 40 cm, in which the University of North Carolina proclaimed Tuesday, October 12, 1965 to be University Day, honoring Chancellor Paul Sharp and marking the one hundred seventieth anniversary of the university's founding at Chapel Hill. Sharp lived from 1918 to 2009.

UNC

Univerity Day honoring Chancellor Paul Frederick Sharp : Chapel Hill, North Carolina, October twelfth, nineteen hundred and sixty-five

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · 1965 · The University of North Carolina

Printed program for University Day at Chapel Hill, October 12, 1965, when the university honored Chancellor Paul Frederick Sharp. Its three unnumbered pages (32 cm) give the words to 'America,' 'Hark the sound' and 'O God! our help in ages past' and list the organizing committee. Published by the University of North Carolina.

UNC

Records of the Office of Chancellor : Paul Frederick Sharp series, 1964-1966.

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Office of the Chancellor · 1964

Paul F. Sharp held the chancellor's office at Chapel Hill for a short span, and this series of his files covers 1964 to 1966 in about 13,200 items and 16.5 linear feet, in the University Archives at UNC, collection 40021. Topics include academic freedom in North Carolina and the state's Speaker Ban Law, with curriculum planning, medical education and health occupations schools.

UNC
Wider background: UNC & Campus Life · the most widely held histories of the theme this storyline is filed under; they may not discuss it

Carolina Basketball: A Century of Excellence

Lucas, Adam · 2010 · University of North Carolina Press

Adam Lucas marks one hundred years of basketball at the University of North Carolina in this illustrated history, published by UNC Press in 2010 in association with the athletics department. Chapters follow the program from the game's arrival on campus and the 'White Phantoms' of the Southern Conference through the founding of the ACC, the 1957 season, Dean Smith's changes to the game and the title seasons of 1982, 1993, 2005 and 2009, closing with a century of statistics. 289 pages.

✓ Held at OCPL · 796.323 LUCAS NC Cardinal UNC Duke NC State NCCU Durham Chapel Hill PL Library of Congress Davidson Methodist Wingate UNCSA

The Blue Divide: Duke, North Carolina, and the Battle on Tobacco Road

Moore, Johnny; Chansky, Art · 2014 · Triumph Books

The Duke and North Carolina basketball rivalry written together by Johnny Moore and Art Chansky, the latter a sports reporter who has followed it since his student days at UNC. The book opens with the 2014 season and moves through recruiting battles old and new, 'Black and Blue Sunday', 'Blood and Roses', and chapters on the rivalry's heroes, leaders and teachers, with a foreword by Jay Bilas and a photo gallery. Published by Triumph Books in 2014, 289 pages.

NC Cardinal UNC Duke NC State NCCU Durham Library of Congress Wake Forest Davidson Methodist Wingate UNCSA

Miss Mary's Money

Jones, H. G. · 2014 · McFarland & Co.

H. G. Jones follows the fortune of Mary Ruffin Smith (1814-1885), the unmarried heiress whose Orange and Chatham County lands passed at her death to the University of North Carolina and the Episcopal Church. Chapters profile her grandfather Francis Jones, then trace the bequest through a quarrel among Episcopalians over Price Creek, the Chapel of the Cross and the university's buildings. A December 1885 New York Times report called the gift money; Jones shows it was land. Published by McFarland in 2014, 231 pages.

✓ Held at OCPL NC Cardinal UNC Duke NC State NCCU Durham Library of Congress Wake Forest Davidson Methodist CH Historical Society

The Chronicles of the Bicentennial Observance of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Tepper, Steven J. · 1998

Steven J. Tepper's chronicle of how the University of North Carolina marked its bicentennial in 1993 and 1994. An appendix reprints the University Day speeches of October 12, 1993, given by Paul Hardin, James B. Hunt Jr., C.D. Spangler, William C. Friday, Charles Kuralt and President Bill Clinton, plus bicentennial addresses by Li Lu, Francis S. Collins and Richard J. Richardson. Published by the university in Chapel Hill, 1998; 284 pages.

✓ Held at OCPL · NC 378.756 TEP NC Cardinal UNC Duke NC State NCCU Durham Library of Congress Davidson Wingate UNCSA CH Historical Society
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William Friday

Link, William A. · 1995

Biography of William C. Friday, president of the University of North Carolina system, by historian William A. Link, published by UNC Press in 1995 with the subtitle power, purpose, and American higher education. It covers Friday's career and the history of the university at Chapel Hill and statewide. Part of the Rebecca B. Wall Local History Collection.

✓ Held at OCPL · NC BIO FRIDAY LIN NC Cardinal UNC Duke Durham Chapel Hill PL Library of Congress Methodist Wingate UNCSA CH Historical Society

Chapel Hill in Plain Sight

Athas, Daphne · 2010 · Eno Publishers

Twelve essays by novelist Daphne Athas (1923-2020) on the Chapel Hill she knew across the twentieth century. Subjects include Carrboro as 'the Paris of the Piedmont', philosopher Horace Williams, Betty Smith writing in Chapel Hill, Junius Scales, Ab Abernethy and the Intimate Bookshop, Richard Wright's visit, and a set of Chapel Hill murders. Published 2010, 243 pages with illustrations.

✓ Held at OCPL · 975.656 ATHAS NC Cardinal UNC Duke NC State NCCU Durham Chapel Hill PL Library of Congress CH Historical Society

What it means to be a Tar Heel: Roy Williams and North Carolina's greatest players

Fowler, Scott · 2010 · Triumph Books

Scott Fowler gathers recollections from Carolina basketball players, decade by decade from the 1950s to the 2000s, organized around Roy Williams and the question in the title. Contributors include Lennie Rosenbluth, Larry Brown, Billy Cunningham, Charlie Scott, Phil Ford, James Worthy, Brad Daugherty, Eric Montross, Vince Carter, Antawn Jamison, Raymond Felton and Sean May, each entry giving position and playing years. Published 2010 by Triumph Books of Chicago, 270 pages, here as an e-book.

NC Cardinal UNC Duke NC State NCCU Durham Library of Congress Methodist Wingate UNCSA

The Campus of the First State University

Henderson, Archibald · 1949

Archibald Henderson's history of the campus of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, its buildings and grounds from the founding in the 1790s onward. Henderson, a professor of mathematics and a prolific historian of the university, wrote it in the years around the university's sesquicentennial. Published by the University of North Carolina Press in 1949, 412 pages with illustrations and bibliographical footnotes.

Reviewed in The Journal of Southern History (1949), South Atlantic Quarterly (1950).

✓ Held at OCPL · NC 378.756 HEN NC Cardinal UNC Duke NCCU Durham Davidson Wingate CH Historical Society Library of Congress

The Woman Who Rang the Bell: The Story of Cornelia Spencer Phillips

Russell, Charles Phillips · 1949

Charles Phillips Russell's biography of Cornelia Phillips Spencer (1825-1908), the Chapel Hill writer remembered for ringing the bell of South Building when the university reopened in 1875 after its closure during Reconstruction. It doubles as a history of Chapel Hill and the university. Published by the University of North Carolina Press in 1949, 293 pages with illustrations.

Reviewed in Journal of American History (1949).

NC Cardinal UNC Duke NC State Durham Chapel Hill PL NCCU Wingate CH Historical Society Library of Congress

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