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Joseph Caldwell’s last years and the choice of David L. Swain, 1833–1837

How the University passed from its first president to its next: Joseph Caldwell’s illness and Elisha Mitchell’s acting presidency, Caldwell’s death and the mourning in Chapel Hill and Hillsborough, the delayed election, David L. Swain’s arrival and the busts and monument made in Caldwell’s memory.

When illness forced President Joseph Caldwell to ask for help in December 1833, the trustees gave the senior professor, Elisha Mitchell, power to act in his place. Caldwell died on January 27, 1835, and a Hillsborough town meeting agreed to wear crape for thirty days. Mitchell was named president pro tem, and the trustees put off electing a president until December while raising the president's salary. That November Caldwell's body was taken up so that the artist Alfred S. Waugh could make a plaster cast of his face. In January 1836 former governor David L. Swain moved to Chapel Hill as president. A sandstone shaft the trustees raised to Caldwell in 1837 soon crumbled and never bore a name.

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The full story

In December 1833, when illness first forced President Joseph Caldwell to ask for help, the trustees gave the senior professor, Elisha Mitchell, power to act in his place and created an adjunct professorship of natural philosophy and astronomy, filled by Walker Anderson. Caldwell died on January 27, 1835 and was buried in the Chapel Hill village cemetery. On January 30 a Hillsborough town meeting chaired by Frederick Nash, on resolutions offered by William M. Green, agreed to wear crape for thirty days. By February 6 Mitchell had been named president pro tem. In late June the trustees put off electing a president until December, left Mitchell in charge and raised the president's salary to 2,000 dollars. In November, at the Philanthropic Society's request, Caldwell's body was taken up so that the artist Alfred S. Waugh could make a plaster cast of his face; the bust made from it stands in Gerrard Hall. In January 1836 former governor David L. Swain moved to Chapel Hill as president. By July 16 the Columbian Repository reported busts of Caldwell, William Gaston and Alfred Moore by a sculptor it called Mr. Waugh. In 1837 the trustees raised a sandstone shaft to Caldwell on Thomas Waitt's design; it soon crumbled, and the monument never bore a name.

In the chronology

Events in this storyline, in date order. See these 9 dated events in the chronology →

  1. Trustees make the senior professor Caldwell's deputy and add an adjunct professor When Caldwell's illness first forced him to ask for help, the trustees gave the professor of longest standing, Elisha Mitchell, power to act in the president's place and created an adjunct professorship of natural philosophy and astronomy, filled by Walker Anderson. Mitchell served as acting president until Swain arrived. People: Elisha Mitchell, Walker AndersonSearch the index · Documenting the American South: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. I (1907), p. 357
  2. President Joseph Caldwell dies The university's first president died after years of a painful illness and was buried in the Chapel Hill village cemetery. The trustees' executive committee adopted a tribute on February 6, 1835, and the students resolved to wear badges of mourning. People: Haywood Williams Guion, Helen Hogg CaldwellSearch the index · Documenting the American South: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. I (1907), p. 411
  3. Hillsborough citizens meet to mourn university president Joseph Caldwell A town meeting chaired by Frederick Nash resolved to wear crape for thirty days in memory of Dr. Joseph Caldwell and asked the university's executive committee to have an alumnus deliver a eulogy at Chapel Hill before the next commencement. William M. Green offered the resolutions and Hugh Waddell spoke. People: Frederick Nash, William Mercer Green, Hugh Waddell, Joseph CaldwellSearch the index · Hillsborough Recorder, February 6, 1835, p. 3
  4. Elisha Mitchell becomes acting president of the university after Caldwell's death Senior professor Elisha Mitchell was appointed president of the University of North Carolina pro tem after Joseph Caldwell's death, so that classes went on without a break. People: Joseph CaldwellSearch the index · Hillsborough Recorder, February 6, 1835, p. 3
  5. Trustees put off electing a university president and keep Elisha Mitchell in charge The university trustees, meeting in Raleigh to choose a successor to Joseph Caldwell, postponed the election until December, left Professor Elisha Mitchell as acting president, raised the president's salary to 2,000 dollars and appointed William H. Owen of Caswell tutor of languages. People: Elisha Mitchell, Joseph CaldwellSearch the index · Hillsborough Recorder, July 3, 1835, p. 3
  6. Philanthropic Society has a cast made of Caldwell's features In November 1835, at the Philanthropic Society's request, Caldwell's body was taken up so that the artist Alfred S. Waugh could make a plaster cast of his face. The bust made from it stands in Gerrard Hall.Search the index · Documenting the American South: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. I (1907), p. 414
  7. David L. Swain moves to Chapel Hill as university president Chosen to succeed the late Joseph Caldwell, former governor David L. Swain moved to Chapel Hill in January 1836 to become president and professor of national and constitutional law. He stayed at the university for the rest of his life, the longest term of any of its presidents. People: Joseph CaldwellSearch the index · UNC Wilson Special Collections Library: David L. Swain Papers #706 (finding aid)
  8. Sculptor Waugh's busts of William Gaston, Joseph Caldwell and Alfred Moore are placed in a university society hall A young foreign-born sculptor the paper calls Mr. Waugh completed busts of Judge William Gaston, the late President Joseph Caldwell and Alfred Moore, which stood in one of the society halls at the university. He gave one of them to the society that had made him an honorary member. People: William GastonSearch the index · Columbian Repository (Chapel Hill), July 16, 1836, p. 3
  9. Trustees raise a sandstone monument to Caldwell on the campus The trustees adopted a design by Thomas Waitt, the master mechanic in charge of university repairs, for a shaft of local sandstone cut by J. B. Turney. It soon crumbled, and the marble slab meant for its Latin inscription arrived so badly cut that it was smashed, so the monument never bore a name. People: Frederick Nash, William McPheeters, Thomas WaittSearch the index · Documenting the American South: Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina, vol. I (1907), p. 414

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Map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Site locations from the N.C. State Historic Preservation Office survey, Open Orange, Orange County GIS, OpenStreetMap and a few other published sources named on each site’s page; town and community pins show approximate locations.

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Background on Schools & Education

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William R. Burk's history of botany at the University of North Carolina, from its early natural scientists such as Denison Olmsted and Elisha Mitchell through later figures including George Francis Atkinson, Joseph Austin Holmes and Henry Van Peters Wilson, closing with a chapter on the Department of Botany itself. Published in Fort Worth in 2023.

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A Consequential Life: David Lowry Swain, Nineteenth-Century North Carolina, and Their University

Whichard, Willis P. · 2022

Willis P. Whichard's biography of David Lowry Swain, governor of North Carolina from 1832 to 1835 and president of the University of North Carolina from 1835 until his death in 1868. The subtitle ties Swain, nineteenth-century North Carolina and the university together, and the book belongs with the lives of college presidents and governors. Published in 2022.

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Grimsley, Jim · 2022 · Levine Querido

Jim Grimsley's coming-of-age novel about Ronny, who grew up in a trailer alongside his mother and a string of stepfathers, kept his head down, earned good grades and won a scholarship to UNC in Chapel Hill. On campus he finds his first love and begins to sort out who he is. Subjects include gay college students, first loves and mothers and sons. Published by Levine Querido in 2022, 322 pages.

The Carolina Union Proudly Presents: Memories of the Tech Crew of Memorial Hall

Madry, Scott · 2021

Scott Madry's recollections of the student tech crew at Memorial Hall, the University of North Carolina's auditorium in Chapel Hill, presented under the banner of the Carolina Union, the campus student union. Published in Chapel Hill in 2021.

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To Drink from the Well: The Struggle for Racial Equality at the Nation’s Oldest University

Kapur, Geeta · 2021

Geeta Kapur's history of race at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, from the enslaved labor that built the campus through desegregation and the Black student protests that followed. Twelve chapters, with a foreword by William Barber II, move from the founding era and the Great Depression controversies to the state's response to integration and the turmoil of later decades; North Carolina Central University also figures. Published 2021 by Blair in Durham.

Legendborn

Deonn, Tracy · 2020

Tracy Deonn's young adult fantasy about an African American teenager who arrives as a student at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill after her mother's death and finds a secret society bound to Arthurian legend, with demons, magic and her own family's past. Published by Margaret K. McElderry Books in 2020, 501 pages, for ages 14 and up. Winner of the 2021 Coretta Scott King/John Steptoe Award for New Talent.

Reviewed in Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books./Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books (2020).

Anna Burwell and the business of being a Presbyterian minister's wife in North Carolina, 1835-1857

Hoffert, Sylvia D. · 2019 · Historical Research Office, Office of Archives and History

Sylvia D. Hoffert's article on Margaret Anna Burwell, 1810 to 1871, and the work of being a Presbyterian minister's wife in North Carolina from 1835 to 1857, the years of the female school she and her husband kept in Hillsborough. Pages 245 to 275 with illustrations, facsimiles and portraits, issued by the Office of Archives and History in Raleigh in 2019.

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