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The Bicentennial Campaign for Carolina, 1990–1993

How UNC raised private money for its 200th anniversary in the Bicentennial Campaign for Carolina between 1990 and 1992: the trimmed goal, the quiet phase, the October 1991 opening with a $320 million goal and the Stone task force’s silent protest, and the gifts from Glaxo, First Union and the Johnston Trust.

UNC's Bicentennial Campaign for Carolina raised private money for the University's 200th anniversary. After a quiet phase it opened on October 11, 1991 with a $320 million goal, as the Sonja Stone Task Force protested silently outside South Building. Gifts from Glaxo, First Union and the James M. Johnston Trust followed, and by May 1992 commitments passed $204.5 million. In 1993 it opened a phase for faculty and staff and raised its goal to $400 million, including $7 million for the Stone Black Cultural Center.

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The Bicentennial Campaign for Carolina, led by Chancellor Paul Hardin, set out to raise private money for the University's 200th anniversary in 1993. By early February 1990 it had cut its working goal from $1 billion to about $300 million to match its fund-raising ability, said Robert Sweeney, the associate vice chancellor for development, who was named the campaign's director and chief operating officer that month. After 60 days it held six commitments of more than $1 million, and about 70 percent of gifts were expected to go to faculty and students. By December 31, 1990 it had $130 million in cash and pledges, and at the end of June 1991 it reported $139,324,722 toward a $317 million goal. By October Glaxo Inc. had given $1 million over three years: $667,000 to endow a professorship in international business at the Kenan-Flagler Business School and $111,000 each to the schools of medicine, nursing and pharmacy for graduate fellowships.

On October 11, 1991, from the steps of South Building, Hardin formally opened the campaign, which had quietly raised $155 million in gifts and pledges since 1989, and set its goal at $320 million for financial aid, faculty salaries, libraries and buildings, about half of it for the endowment. Co-chairmen William Armfield and Hugh McColl announced nine new gifts and pledges of more than $10 million, including $2 million from NCNB Corp. That day about 30 members of the Sonja Stone Task Force stood silently in front of South Building to press for naming the Black Cultural Center for Sonja Haynes Stone, an endowed chair in her name and department status for African and Afro-American studies, and the next morning ten members attended the University Day observance in Memorial Hall.

By February 1992 the First Union Foundation had pledged $500,000, its largest gift to a single institution, to the business school, the Institute for the Arts and Humanities, the School of Social Work and the law library, and the campaign stood at $173 million. On April 16 Hardin announced an $8.65 million pledge from the James M. Johnston Trust, the campaign's second-largest gift, to raise the number of Johnston scholarships for needy, high-achieving students from 250 to 400 a year and to give $1.25 million toward renovating Graham Memorial, the University's first student union, as the James M. Johnston Center for Undergraduate Excellence for the honors program. A May report to the trustees put commitments at more than $204.5 million as of May 12, about two-thirds of the goal, while the libraries, the graduate school and the Health Sciences Library lagged far behind their targets. On January 29, 1993, at a Carolina Inn ceremony opening the campaign's phase for faculty and staff, Hardin announced a gift from himself and his wife and a $100,000 Coca-Cola Foundation gift for staff training; the campaign had more than $240 million in pledges, about $10 million behind its own target for mid-January. In December the steering committee raised the goal by $80 million to $400 million, adding $7 million for a freestanding Sonja Haynes Stone Black Cultural Center and the rest for units such as the Graduate School and the School of Information and Library Science that lagged far behind their goals.

In the chronology

Events in this storyline, in date order. See these 12 dated events in the chronology →

  1. Robert Sweeney is named director of UNC's Bicentennial Campaign Robert Sweeney, associate vice chancellor for development, was named director and chief operating officer of UNC's Bicentennial Campaign, a five-year fund drive for teaching and learning. Place: University, Chapel Hill · Also named: Robert SweeneySearch the index · The Daily Tar Heel, February 9, 1990, p. 3
  2. UNC trims the working goal of its Bicentennial Campaign to about $300 million By early February 1990 the Bicentennial Campaign for Carolina, led by Chancellor Paul Hardin to raise private money for the University's 200th anniversary in 1993, had cut its working goal from $1 billion to about $300 million to match its fund-raising ability, said director Robert Sweeney. After 60 days it held six commitments of more than $1 million, and about 70 percent of gifts were expected to go to faculty and students. Place: University, Chapel Hill · Also named: Paul Hardin, Robert SweeneySearch the index · The Daily Tar Heel, February 7, 1990, p. 3
  3. UNC's Bicentennial Campaign passes $130 million before its public start Organizers of the University's Bicentennial Campaign had received $130 million in cash and pledges by December 31, 1990, ahead of a public kickoff planned for University Day, October 12, 1991, when the goal would be set. Place: UNC, Chapel HillSearch the index · The Daily Tar Heel, January 23, 1991, p. 3
  4. UNC's Bicentennial Campaign reports $139 million raised The University's Bicentennial Campaign reported $139,324,722 in cash and pledges at the end of June toward a $317 million goal, a year before its formal announcement on University Day. Place: University, Chapel HillSearch the index · The Daily Tar Heel, July 18, 1991, p. 3
  5. Chancellor Hardin opens the Bicentennial Campaign for Carolina with a $320 million goal From the steps of South Building, Chancellor Paul Hardin formally began the four-year Bicentennial Campaign, which had quietly raised $155 million in gifts and pledges since 1989, and set its goal at $320 million for financial aid, faculty salaries, libraries and buildings, about half for the University's $200 million endowment. Campaign co-chairmen William Armfield and Hugh McColl announced nine new gifts and pledges of more than $10 million, including $2 million from NCNB Corp. Place: South Building, University, Chapel Hill · Also named: Paul Hardin, William Armfield, Hugh McCollSearch the index · The Daily Tar Heel, October 14, 1991, p. 1
  6. The Sonja Stone Task Force holds silent protests at the bicentennial opening and University Day As UNC opened its bicentennial celebration, about 30 members of the Sonja Stone Task Force stood silently in front of South Building to press three demands: naming the Black Cultural Center for Stone, an endowed chair in her name and department status for African and Afro-American studies. The next morning ten members attended the University Day observance in Memorial Hall. Three Styrofoam "stones" at South Building stood for the demands. People: Sonja Haynes Stone Place: South Building and Memorial Hall, University, Chapel Hill · Also mentions: Memorial Hall, Black Cultural CenterBlack Ink (Black Student Movement, UNC), October 28, 1991, p. 8
  7. Glaxo gives UNC $1 million for an international business professorship and health fellowships Glaxo Inc. gave $1 million over three years to the Bicentennial Campaign: $667,000 to endow a professorship in international business at the Kenan-Flagler Business School, for which the school would seek state matching funds, and $111,000 each to the schools of medicine, nursing and pharmacy for graduate fellowships. The paper called it the company's second gift to the University that year. Place: University, Chapel Hill · Also mentions: Kenan-Flagler Business SchoolSearch the index · The Daily Tar Heel, October 9, 1991, p. 1
  8. First Union Foundation pledges $500,000 to UNC's Bicentennial Campaign The First Union Foundation pledged $500,000, its largest gift to a single institution, to be divided among the business school, the Institute for the Arts and Humanities, the School of Social Work and the law library; the campaign stood at $173 million of its $320 million goal. Place: University, Chapel Hill · Also mentions: School of Social WorkSearch the index · The Daily Tar Heel, February 11, 1992, p. 3
  9. The James M. Johnston Trust pledges $8.65 million to UNC for scholarships and an honors center in Graham Memorial Chancellor Paul Hardin announced the pledge, the second-largest gift to the Bicentennial Campaign, which would raise the number of Johnston scholarships for needy, high-achieving students from 250 to 400 a year and give $1.25 million toward renovating Graham Memorial, the University's first student union, as the James M. Johnston Center for Undergraduate Excellence for the honors program. The drama department, then in Graham Memorial, was to move to an addition at the PlayMakers Theatre. Place: Graham Memorial, UNC, Chapel Hill · Also named: Paul HardinSearch the index · The Daily Tar Heel, April 20, 1992, p. 1
  10. UNC's Bicentennial Campaign passes $204 million in commitments A semiannual report to the trustees said the Bicentennial Campaign had commitments of more than $204.5 million as of May 12, about two-thirds of its $320 million goal, while libraries, the graduate school and the Health Sciences Library lagged far behind their targets. Place: UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill · Also mentions: Health Sciences LibrarySearch the index · The Daily Tar Heel, May 28, 1992, p. 1
  11. UNC opens the faculty and staff phase of its Bicentennial Campaign At a Carolina Inn ceremony opening the campus phase, Chancellor Paul Hardin announced a gift from himself and his wife and a $100,000 Coca-Cola Foundation gift for staff training. The campaign, begun in 1989, had more than $240 million in pledges toward its $320 million goal, about $10 million behind its own target for mid-January. Place: Carolina Inn, Chapel Hill · Also named: Paul HardinSearch the index · The Daily Tar Heel, February 1, 1993, p. 7
  12. Bicentennial Campaign adds $7 million for the Stone Center and raises its goal to $400 million At its December meeting the Bicentennial Campaign steering committee added $7 million for a freestanding Sonja Haynes Stone Black Cultural Center to UNC's fund drive, two months after deferring the step, as part of an $80 million increase that lifted the goal from $320 million to $400 million. Co-chairman Billy Armfield said student leaders' acceptance of the Coker Woods site had ended the controversy; the rest of the increase was for units such as the Graduate School and the School of Information and Library Science that lagged far behind their goals. Place: University, Chapel Hill · Also named: Billy Armfield · Also mentions: Graduate School, Sonja Haynes Stone Black Cultural CenterThe Daily Tar Heel, January 10, 1994, p. 3

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Reading on the places and people in this storyline

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About Sonja Haynes Stone Center (Black Cultural Center) · named in 2 of this story’s entries

Don't believe the hype : the misrepresentation of the facts by the media concerning the construction of the Dr. Sonja Haynes Stone free-standing BCC

Merritt, David · 1994

David Merritt's 1994 production argues that press coverage misrepresented the facts of the campaign for a free standing Black Cultural Center named for Dr. Sonja Haynes Stone at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. It runs about 52 minutes and is accompanied by a text of sixteen leaves with five preliminary pages. Topics include African American students at the university and race relations.

Icons of Power and Landscapes of Protest

Roseboro, Donyell L. · 2005

Donyell L. Roseboro's 2005 doctoral dissertation on the student movement for the Sonja Haynes Stone Center for Black Culture and History at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. It examines African American student activism and student organizations on the Chapel Hill campus. A typescript of 307 leaves with illustrations, distributed through UMI.

UNC

The Sonja Haynes Stone Center for Black Culture and History : the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Office of University Development · 2003 · Office of University Development

A promotional sheet on the Sonja Haynes Stone Center for Black Culture and History, issued in 2003 by the Office of University Development at Chapel Hill. One folded sheet of three unnumbered pages with illustrations, 28 by 44 centimeters. Topics include the center itself and the buildings of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

UNC

The Sonja Haynes Stone Black Cultural Center.

1993

A 1993 report on the Sonja Haynes Stone Black Cultural Center at Chapel Hill, based on the deliberations of the Black Cultural Center Working Group and the center's advisory board, with the endorsement of the working group alone. Twenty three pages and twelve unnumbered leaves, including a folded map. Topics include African American college students in Chapel Hill and university buildings.

UNC

About Memorial Hall · named in one of this story’s entries

The Carolina Union Proudly Presents: Memories of the Tech Crew of Memorial Hall

Madry, Scott · 2021

Scott Madry's recollections of the student tech crew at Memorial Hall, the University of North Carolina's auditorium in Chapel Hill, presented under the banner of the Carolina Union, the campus student union. Published in Chapel Hill in 2021.

UNC

The transformation of Memorial Hall, 2002-2005 : the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill : limited edition prints from the photographic documentary

Carter, Catharine · 2005 · The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Catharine Carter photographed the rebuilding of Memorial Hall at the University of North Carolina between 2002 and 2005, and twelve of the images were issued in 2005 as limited edition lithographic prints, numbered and signed by her, in a portfolio with text and illustrations.

UNC

A guide to the tablets of Memorial Hall at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Wooten, Patrick S. · 1992

Patrick S. Wooten's 1992 guide to the memorial tablets in Memorial Hall at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, identifying the people commemorated there. Subjects include university biography, alumni and Confederate rosters, so the volume doubles as a name list for anyone tracing individuals honored on the walls. One volume in various foliations with illustrations.

UNC

Memorial Hall : its tablets and memories : acceptance of tablets memorializing Col. Robert Bingham, Ambassador Robert Worth Bingham and Senator Matt W. Ransom

Winston, Robert W. (Robert Watson), 1860-1944 · 1939

Robert W. Winston's 1939 address on Memorial Hall at the University of North Carolina and the memorial tablets set in its walls, given when tablets honoring Colonel Robert Bingham, Ambassador Robert Worth Bingham and Senator Matt W. Ransom were accepted. Printed at Chapel Hill, it records how those tablets came to be placed in the hall.

UNC

About South Building · named in one of this story’s entries

South Building

1903

Photograph from about 1903 of South Building on the university campus in Chapel Hill. Work on the building started in 1798 under Samuel Hopkins, was later carried on by John Clare, and finished in 1814. Part of the Images of North Carolina collection.

Draft Proceeding Minutes of the Grand Lodge of North Carolina

1798

Draft minutes of the Grand Lodge of North Carolina for 14 April 1798, recording the Masonic ceremony for laying the cornerstone of the University of North Carolina's Old South Building in Chapel Hill.

South Building, UNC-Chapel Hill, April 22, 1987

Morton, Hugh M. · 1987

South Building at UNC on 22 April 1987, showing its columns with flowers in bloom, in a Hugh Morton color photograph. Mounted 35 mm slide.

South Building, UNC-Chapel Hill, circa 1946-1947

Morton, Hugh M. · 1946

South Building on the UNC-Chapel Hill campus, probably shot on infrared film by Hugh Morton in late 1946 or early 1947. Morton gave six photographs to the Alumni Office that autumn, and this one ran on page 216 of the April 1947 Alumni Review. Black-and-white sheet film negative.

Wider background: UNC & Campus Life · the most widely held histories of the theme this story belongs to; they may not discuss it

Carolina Basketball: A Century of Excellence

Lucas, Adam · 2010 · University of North Carolina Press

Adam Lucas marks one hundred years of basketball at the University of North Carolina in this illustrated history, published by UNC Press in 2010 in association with the athletics department. Chapters follow the program from the game's arrival on campus and the 'White Phantoms' of the Southern Conference through the founding of the ACC, the 1957 season, Dean Smith's changes to the game and the title seasons of 1982, 1993, 2005 and 2009, closing with a century of statistics. 289 pages.

The Blue Divide: Duke, North Carolina, and the Battle on Tobacco Road

Moore, Johnny; Chansky, Art · 2014 · Triumph Books

The Duke and North Carolina basketball rivalry written together by Johnny Moore and Art Chansky, the latter a sports reporter who has followed it since his student days at UNC. The book opens with the 2014 season and moves through recruiting battles old and new, 'Black and Blue Sunday', 'Blood and Roses', and chapters on the rivalry's heroes, leaders and teachers, with a foreword by Jay Bilas and a photo gallery. Published by Triumph Books in 2014, 289 pages.

Miss Mary's Money

Jones, H. G. · 2014 · McFarland & Co.

H. G. Jones follows the fortune of Mary Ruffin Smith (1814-1885), the unmarried heiress whose Orange and Chatham County lands passed at her death to the University of North Carolina and the Episcopal Church. Chapters profile her grandfather Francis Jones, then trace the bequest through a quarrel among Episcopalians over Price Creek, the Chapel of the Cross and the university's buildings. A December 1885 New York Times report called the gift money; Jones shows it was land. Published by McFarland in 2014, 231 pages.

The Chronicles of the Bicentennial Observance of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Tepper, Steven J. · 1998

Steven J. Tepper's chronicle of how the University of North Carolina marked its bicentennial in 1993 and 1994. An appendix reprints the University Day speeches of October 12, 1993, given by Paul Hardin, James B. Hunt Jr., C.D. Spangler, William C. Friday, Charles Kuralt and President Bill Clinton, plus bicentennial addresses by Li Lu, Francis S. Collins and Richard J. Richardson. Published by the university in Chapel Hill, 1998; 284 pages.

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William Friday

Link, William A. · 1995

Biography of William C. Friday, president of the University of North Carolina system, by historian William A. Link, published by UNC Press in 1995 with the subtitle power, purpose, and American higher education. It covers Friday's career and the history of the university at Chapel Hill and statewide. Part of the Rebecca B. Wall Local History Collection.

Chapel Hill in Plain Sight

Athas, Daphne · 2010 · Eno Publishers

Twelve essays by novelist Daphne Athas (1923-2020) on the Chapel Hill she knew across the twentieth century. Subjects include Carrboro as 'the Paris of the Piedmont', philosopher Horace Williams, Betty Smith writing in Chapel Hill, Junius Scales, Ab Abernethy and the Intimate Bookshop, Richard Wright's visit, and a set of Chapel Hill murders. Published 2010, 243 pages with illustrations.

What it means to be a Tar Heel: Roy Williams and North Carolina's greatest players

Fowler, Scott · 2010 · Triumph Books

Scott Fowler gathers recollections from Carolina basketball players, decade by decade from the 1950s to the 2000s, organized around Roy Williams and the question in the title. Contributors include Lennie Rosenbluth, Larry Brown, Billy Cunningham, Charlie Scott, Phil Ford, James Worthy, Brad Daugherty, Eric Montross, Vince Carter, Antawn Jamison, Raymond Felton and Sean May, each entry giving position and playing years. Published 2010 by Triumph Books of Chicago, 270 pages, here as an e-book.

The Campus of the First State University

Henderson, Archibald · 1949

Archibald Henderson's history of the campus of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, its buildings and grounds from the founding in the 1790s onward. Henderson, a professor of mathematics and a prolific historian of the university, wrote it in the years around the university's sesquicentennial. Published by the University of North Carolina Press in 1949, 412 pages with illustrations and bibliographical footnotes.

Reviewed in The Journal of Southern History (1949), South Atlantic Quarterly (1950).

The Woman Who Rang the Bell: The Story of Cornelia Spencer Phillips

Russell, Charles Phillips · 1949

Charles Phillips Russell's biography of Cornelia Phillips Spencer (1825-1908), the Chapel Hill writer remembered for ringing the bell of South Building when the university reopened in 1875 after its closure during Reconstruction. It doubles as a history of Chapel Hill and the university. Published by the University of North Carolina Press in 1949, 293 pages with illustrations.

Reviewed in Journal of American History (1949).

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