Orange County poorhouse (County Home)

In the chronology

1. December 1789 The Assembly lets Orange County's wardens of the poor build a poorhouse A bill passed in December 1789 gave the wardens of the poor of Orange, Franklin and Surry counties power to put up poorhouses. The book cannot say whether Orange built one then or only in the 1820s.
2. October 18, 1823 The wardens of the poor buy 470 acres for a county poorhouse Enoch Thompson deeded about 470 acres to the Wardens of the Poor of Orange County for $800, for a poorhouse and the support of paupers there. The poorhouse on this land stayed in use until 1941.
3. April 1844 John U. Kirkland is elected a Warden of the Poor for Orange County At an election in April 1844 Orange County chose Cadwallader Jones, Dr. James Webb, Green Jordan, Nathaniel Bain, James Faucett, John U. Kirkland and Samuel N. Tate as Wardens of the Poor. People: Cadwallader Jones, James Webb
4. April 5, 1857 The wardens of the poor elect Dr. Benjamin F. Mebane physician to the poorhouse At the same April 1857 meeting the Court of Wardens told its treasurer to hand over the rest of the 1856 poor taxes so the superintendent could pay the oldest orders first. People: Benjamin Franklin Mebane
5. May 1857 The wardens of the poor order poorhouse repairs and a $1,000 loan After a called meeting on May 11, 1857 about the state of the poorhouse building, the wardens asked the county court on May 25 to summon the magistrates on the condition of the poor. They named a committee to repair the west building and let the superintendent borrow $1,000. People: John U. Kirkland, Pride Jones
6. June 25, 1866 Sheriff H. B. Guthrie announces that the county treasury is empty His notice to taxpayers said no county tax had been levied or collected for 1865, the treasury held not a dollar and the wardens of the poor were deep in debt. He set fifteen collection days in July.
7. September 1, 1867 The wardens' yearly count finds 21 people in the poorhouse The count listed three adult men, thirteen adult women and five children of color, three of whom had white mothers. In October the wardens kept James M. Bain as superintendent at $150 a year, with $25 for his wife.
8. June 27, 1868 The Court of Wardens of the Poor holds its last meeting The seven-member wardens' court, which had run poor relief and the county poorhouse, met for the last time before the new board of county commissioners took over its work.
9. 1870 Orange County reports on its poorhouse to the new Board of Public Charities Orange County's report to the state Board of Public Charities described two one-story brick buildings of six rooms each on a 400-acre tract five miles from Hillsborough. The poorhouse held 41 people, ten able to do light work, with ten deaths since July 1868. People: Edmund Strudwick
10. March 8, 1870 Disguised men whip residents of the county poorhouse Men in disguise entered the poorhouse at night and whipped several of the men and women living there. On March 10 the commissioners offered a $200 reward for the attackers, over the written protest of commissioner W. N. Patterson, who defended the raiders' motives.
11. September 5, 1876 The poorhouse count records ten deaths in a single year The enumeration listed six white men, eight white women, four Black men and six Black women living at the poorhouse. Over the previous year ten residents had died, two children had been born, twelve people had come in and four had left.
12. September 19, 1877 Fairfield School is allowed to draw water from the county poorhouse spring The board let the Fairfield school in District 21 use the spring at the county poorhouse for its water.
13. fiscal year 1927-1928 Orange County operates under a budget for the first time After 175 years without a budget or central accounts, the county adopted its first budget for fiscal 1927-1928 under the new County Fiscal Control Act. That year it spent $3,363.21 on the county home and farm and $730.50 on outside poor relief.
14. October 26, 1928 George Lawrence describes the county home near Efland in the Chapel Hill Weekly George Lawrence described the county home two and a half miles north of Efland: two narrow brick buildings, probably of 1824, heated by fireplaces and lit by kerosene, with no plumbing. It held 19 residents and two prisoners, and white and Black residents ate in separate rooms.
15. 1941 The county home closes The poorhouse on the land bought in 1823 closed in 1941, since most of its residents now qualified for old age assistance and could live in boarding homes.
16. October 4, 1941 Orange County sells the county home and its farm at auction The county auctioned the old county home, its 241-acre farm, buildings, stock and tools, and a Forrest was the high bidder. Its last residents had been boarded with relatives and friends at county expense, which the welfare superintendent said cost less than half as much.

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