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Chapel Hill’s zoning reaches the countryside, 1948–1955

Chapel Hill’s first planning and zoning board and ordinance, its push to zone a mile and more beyond its limits, the rural opposition and the seats given to county members, and the perimeter ordinance adopted in 1955.

Chapel Hill set up a planning and zoning board in 1948, put its first zoning ordinance into effect in June 1949, and that May asked for zoning a mile beyond its limits. In 1951 the town sought power to zone three miles out, chiefly to keep commercial strips off the new Durham-Chapel Hill boulevard, and the legislature enlarged its zoning commission with county members. A 1952 plan to zone four miles around town brought heated opposition from rural landowners through four public hearings; the county put farmers on the commission, and in 1953 a new act cut the area and gave rural residents equal seats. After a final hearing the aldermen adopted the perimeter ordinance in March 1955, and that August the county named its members to the Greater Chapel Hill zoning boards.

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In the chronology

Events in this storyline, in date order. See these 16 dated events in the chronology →

  1. Chapel Hill aldermen create a permanent planning and zoning board The Chapel Hill board of aldermen unanimously passed an ordinance setting up a town planning and zoning board to chart a comprehensive plan for streets, parks, playgrounds, utilities and public and private property, with each recommendation to go to the aldermen after a public hearing. The five aldermen who had served on the temporary, unofficial planning board, among them Collier Cobb Jr., Vic Huggins and John Parker, became the permanent board. People: Collier Cobb Jr., Vic Huggins, Robert W. MadrySearch the index · The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), March 18, 1948, p. 1
  2. Chapel Hill's new town board asks for zoning a mile beyond the town limits At the first meeting of the board installed after the May 3 election, which Mayor Edwin S. Lanier opened with a prayer the paper called a new practice, the aldermen asked the Planning Board to draft a zoning ordinance for the area within one mile of the town limits under authority newly granted by the General Assembly. They also set one-hour parking on parts of Henderson, Columbia and East Franklin streets and kept R. J. M. Hobbs as mayor pro tem. People: Edwin Sidney Lanier, Richard Junius Mendenhall HobbsSearch the index · The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), May 19, 1949, p. 1
  3. Chapel Hill's new zoning ordinance takes effect A new zoning ordinance went into effect in Chapel Hill on June 1, and the aldermen named J. S. Bennett, B. W. Clark, J. T. Dobbins, Roland P. McClamroch and F. E. Strowd to a new Board of Adjustment to carry it out. People: John S. Bennett, Roland P. McClamrochSearch the index · The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), June 23, 1949, p. 1
  4. Chapel Hill asks the legislature for zoning power three miles out The aldermen voted on February 12 to ask the General Assembly for an act giving the town zoning power within three miles of its limits, excepting Carrboro, which would take in the whole Orange County stretch of the Durham-Chapel Hill boulevard. The town already had zoning power one mile out; the News reported on March 15 that the act had passed the House.Search the index · The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), February 15, 1951, p. 1
  5. County commissioners drop a bill to zone along the new Durham boulevard On February 5 a Chapel Hill delegation asked the commissioners to seek power to zone 1,000 feet on each side of the new Durham-Chapel Hill boulevard. In two closed sessions the following week the board decided against it after the Institute of Government advised that the whole county would have to be zoned and that zoning one strip might be judged discriminatory. People: Collier Cobb Jr., Paul W. Wager, Richard Junius Mendenhall Hobbs, Louis GravesSearch the index · The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), February 15, 1951, p. 1
  6. Commissioners name county members to Chapel Hill's enlarged zoning commission Under the special enabling act just passed by the legislature, mainly to keep commercial building off the new four-lane Durham-Chapel Hill boulevard, the commissioners on April 9 named Alastair L. Muirhead of Glen Lennox, D. W. Loomis of Hidden Hills and Dr. Lucy Morgan to the enlarged Chapel Hill zoning commission. On May 7 they named three members to the enlarged zoning board of adjustment. People: Russell M. (Russell Marvin) GrummanSearch the index · The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), April 12, 1951, p. 1
  7. Rural residents fight the proposed Chapel Hill perimeter zoning ordinance at a hearing A public hearing before the Chapel Hill aldermen on an ordinance to zone a four-mile area around town, excluding Carrboro, broke into heated opposition from rural landowners, though it had been drafted to curb commercial strips on the new Durham-Chapel Hill boulevard. Afterward Mayor Edwin S. Lanier said the board would not push zoning without a clear mandate, and Representative John W. Umstead, who had introduced the 1951 enabling act, said he opposed the ordinance as written. People: Edwin Sidney Lanier, Luther James PhippsSearch the index · The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), January 17, 1952, p. 1
  8. County commissioners put three farmers on the Chapel Hill zoning commission As a concession to rural residents opposing the perimeter zoning plan, the county commissioners named farmers Luke L. Connor, John S. Williams and Henry S. Hogan to the county seats on the Chapel Hill Zoning Commission Enlarged. They replaced Alastair Muirhead, Admiral Donald W. Loomis and Dr. Lucy Morgan, who had resigned; on February 11 the aldermen sent the ordinance back to the remade commission. People: Henry S. HoganSearch the index · The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), February 7, 1952, p. 1
  9. Rural residents again oppose Chapel Hill's proposed zoning of the four-mile area around the town At a hearing of the enlarged Chapel Hill zoning commission many rural residents spoke in bitter opposition, while Chancellor Robert B. House argued the University's stake in orderly growth and Rep. John W. Umstead promised equal rural representation on the commission at the next legislative session; chairman L. J. Phipps accepted a suggestion to bring in more rural residents and set another meeting for April 21. People: Luther James Phipps, R. B. HouseSearch the index · The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), April 10, 1952, p. 1
  10. Chapel Hill's aldermen hold a fourth hearing on zoning the country around town On October 6, 1952, the Chapel Hill Board of Aldermen held its fourth public hearing on a proposed ordinance to zone the suburban and rural land within four miles of town, Carrboro excepted. The three-hour session was calmer than earlier ones, but many rural residents still called the plan none of the town's business; the board had petitions for it, mostly from suburban residents, and one against it said to carry about 800 names, and the decision was left with the aldermen.Search the index · The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), October 9, 1952, p. 1
  11. Chapel Hill aldermen offer rural residents equal seats on the perimeter zoning boards Meeting with the enlarged planning board on December 15, 1952, the Chapel Hill aldermen agreed to ask the legislature to amend the town's 1951 zoning enabling act so that rural residents would have equal representation, five members each from town and country, on the planning board and the board of adjustment for the area within four miles of town. They also proposed lifting restrictions in the agricultural district if that was constitutional.Search the index · The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), December 18, 1952, p. 1
  12. Chapel Hill aldermen ask for a new, smaller perimeter zoning act On February 9, 1953, the Chapel Hill aldermen voted 4 to 2 to ask Representative John W. Umstead Jr. to introduce a new enabling act, replacing the 1949 and 1951 laws, to let the town zone a much smaller area of about a mile on each side of the new Durham-Chapel Hill Boulevard, with planning and adjustment boards of five town and five outside members. The vote shelved the zoning ordinance that rural residents had fought for more than a year. People: Oliver K. Cornwell, John W. Umstead Jr., Peter L. Burch, Robert Lee FowlerSearch the index · The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), February 12, 1953, p. 1
Show all 16 dated events
  1. County commissioners name the rural members of Chapel Hill's enlarged planning and zoning boards Under a 1953 legislative act that extended Chapel Hill's planning and zoning to a limited area outside the town with equal rural representation, the commissioners appointed Wallace Womble, Sandy McClamroch, Glenn Snipes, Frank G. Umstead and Luke Connor to the Planning and Zoning Commission. They named J. H. Sparrow, William B. Aycock, Dr. W. R. Berryhill, Roland Womble and John S. Williams to the Board of Adjustment, joining members already chosen by the aldermen. People: Sandy McClamroch, William B. Aycock, W. Reece BerryhillSearch the index · The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), October 8, 1953, p. 1
  2. More than 115 people crowd the final hearing on Chapel Hill's suburban zoning ordinance More than 115 people filled the Chapel Hill town hall courtroom for the aldermen's final public hearing on the proposed zoning ordinance for land outside the town, an idea first aired in 1951. Residents of the Durham Road, Mount Carmel and Smith Level areas again objected to being zoned by a board they had no voice in electing. People: Oliver K. CornwellSearch the index · The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), March 10, 1955, p. 1
  3. Chapel Hill aldermen adopt a zoning ordinance reaching into the county around Chapel Hill and Carrboro The Chapel Hill Board of Aldermen unanimously adopted a zoning ordinance covering a wide area of Orange County around Chapel Hill and Carrboro. It set up eight zones, three of them new to Chapel Hill (agricultural, suburban commercial and paved rural highway), and created a board of adjustment with five members named by the aldermen from inside the town and five named by the county commissioners from outside it.Search the index · The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), March 17, 1955, p. 1
  4. County commissioners fill the Greater Chapel Hill zoning boards The commissioners named five residents from outside the town to each of the two ten-member boards of the Greater Chapel Hill Zoning District, putting the long-pending Planning Board and Board of Adjustment to work beside five members each named by the Chapel Hill aldermen, with terms dated from July 1. Frank Umstead, the planning board's acting chairman, headed the county list, and William B. Aycock was reappointed to the Board of Adjustment. People: Sandy McClamroch, William B. AycockSearch the index · The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), August 4, 1955, p. 1

Background on Growth, Land & Planning

Background reading on Growth, Land & Planning. These works cover the broader subject and may not discuss this storyline. Follow a link to find a copy or view the material.

Widely held

Hillsborough, North Carolina History of Town Lots

Dunaway, Stewart E. · 2015 · Stewart E. Dunaway

Stewart E. Dunaway's 2015 addendum to his history of Hillsborough's town lots, adding deed records arranged by lot number and further town history, with the expansion of the 1890s covered for the first time. Self-published in North Carolina as version 1.0, 446 pages with illustrations, facsimiles and maps. Topics include deeds, court records, land titles and real property in Hillsborough.

Orange County N. C. Ejectments

2015 · Stewart E. Dunaway; Lulu

Ejectment suits were the legal route for disputing who held title to a tract of land, and the case files often include plats and drawings of the property. Stewart E. Dunaway gathered Orange County's ejectment cases from the state archives and reproduced them in facsimile, with maps, in a self-published volume issued through Lulu in 2015 (issue 2).

Chapel Hill, N.C. History of Town Lots (1790-1930s)

Dunaway, Stewart E. · 2014

Deed transcripts for the town lots of Chapel Hill and adjoining land from 1790 to the 1930s, compiled by Stewart E. Dunaway. Each transcript keeps only the working facts: grantor and grantee, price, acreage and the metes and bounds of the parcel. Self-published in 2014 as Issue 1G, 702 pages with maps and facsimiles.

Comprehensive transportation plan Orange County

Lee, Sarah (Sarah E.) · 2013 · Transportation Planning Branch, N.C. Department of Transportation

Comprehensive transportation plan for Orange County prepared by Sarah Lee for the Transportation Planning Branch of the N.C. Department of Transportation, October 2013. It covers highway planning, roads and their environmental effects, and traffic engineering, with color maps, some folded.

NC Digital Collections record courtesy of the North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources.

The library and the mission of university, 2013-2018

2013

Strategic plan for the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Library covering 2013 through 2018, issued by the university libraries in July 2013. A 12-page pamphlet with color illustrations. Its title ties the library's plans to the mission of the university as a whole.

The Dynamic Decade

Godschalk, David R. ; Howes, Jonathan B. · 2012

David R. Godschalk and Jonathan B. Howes describe the ten-year building program that reshaped the UNC campus in Chapel Hill, when some six million square feet in new buildings went up and a million more of historic buildings were restored. Chapters treat the campus master plan, siting and design decisions, the historic north campus, the southeast and health-sciences precincts and the planned Carolina North research campus, with contributions by chancellors James Moeser and Holden Thorp. Published by UNC Press in 2012, 175 pages.

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Farewell forever, old road to Durham : lessons from the history of transportation planning in the North Carolina Piedmont

Chilton, Mark · 2012 · Hand Made Books

Mark Chilton's short history of transportation planning in the North Carolina Piedmont, drawing lessons from earlier projects. Subjects include the Cape Fear Navigation Company and river navigation, and the railroads of Chapel Hill and Carrboro, including the State University Railroad Company whose spur brought trains to the two towns. Chilton was mayor of Carrboro when the book appeared. Published by Hand Made Books, Carrboro, 2012, 92 pages with illustrations, maps and portraits.

Mebane

Oakley, J. Ronald · 2012 · Arcadia Pub.

J. Ronald Oakley's pictorial history of Mebane, the railroad town on the Orange and Alamance county line, from Arcadia Publishing in 2012, 127 pages of photographs. Chapters cover the railroad, industries, businesses, the Depression and war years, profiles past and present, churches and civic clubs, recreation and sports, school days, and preserving the past. Topics include Mebane's history, economy, buildings and railroads.

Orange County, North Carolina

2012

A group of materials combining a county planning document with a highway map of Orange County, dated 2012. The planning piece, issued in Raleigh by a state commission, lays out a planning and management process for the county with recommendations on land development. The map, based on the statewide highway planning survey, shows roads, bridges, utilities, public property, businesses and industries across Chapel Hill, Carrboro and Hillsborough; one copy carries red-pencil notes naming the county's voting precincts.

Hillsborough District Court Civil Action Concerning Land (1778-1806)

Dunaway, Stewart E. · 2011

Stewart E. Dunaway's abstracts of civil suits over land heard in the Hillsborough District Superior Court between 1778 and 1806. The district covered Orange, Wake, Granville, Caswell, Person, Chatham and Randolph counties, and the papers concern boundaries, ownership and disputed tracts. Published through Lulu in 2011, 337 pages with illustrations, maps and facsimiles.

Ejectments of Orange County, N.C

Dunaway, Stewart E. · 2010 · Stewart E. Dunaway

Stewart E. Dunaway's four-volume set of ejectment cases from Orange County, reproducing the original documents and maps from the North Carolina State Archives with partial transcriptions. The volumes cover 1778 to 1814, 1817 to 1832, 1833 to 1849 and 1850 to 1902. Ejectment suits contested title and possession of land, and the cases include surveys and plats. Self-published in 2010.

North Carolina Land Grant Entry Book ... Orange County

Dunaway, Stewart E. · 2010

Stewart E. Dunaway's two-volume edition of the Orange County land entry book, the register in which settlers first claimed vacant land from the state before a grant was surveyed and issued. Volume one covers the first thousand entries, all made in 1778; volume two runs from 1779 to 1795. Each entry is reproduced from the original in the State Archives with an abstract of its contents. Self-published through Lulu in a second version dated 2010, two volumes at 28 cm with facsimiles and maps.

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