In October 1972, through the Office of Student Affairs and the Carolina Union, the Black Student Movement acquired the former Mini-Union space in Chase Cafeteria for a Black student center. The BSM opened Upendo Lounge, its name the Swahili word for love, in Chase Hall on February 16, 1973, with a dedication and a party. It replaced an old mini-union and was open to the whole campus.
On September 16, 1976 the University Space Committee decided to move the Servomation cafeteria from the second to the first floor of Chase Hall, taking the room the BSM used as Upendo Lounge without promising it other space. The BSM said it had been neither consulted nor told; it met Dean of Student Affairs Donald Boulton and Chancellor N. Ferebee Taylor and held a press conference, but Taylor declined to overrule the committee. On University Day, October 12, BSM members marched in silent protest while administrators and faculty paraded, one placard saying they would not stand by and be insulted. Reconsidering at Taylor's request, the committee kept its decision to give the whole first floor, including the lounge's 2,000 square feet, to Servomation, and Boulton offered the BSM about 2,000 square feet of his office's second-floor space. On October 25 the BSM general body voted not to accept it until Boulton and the committee apologized and promised that students would be consulted on such decisions. In November it accepted the space, dropping its demand for a written apology first; chairperson Jackie Lucas said the fight had been over the University's failure to involve Black students in the decision.
The renovation was to begin after the May 1977 commencement and the new lounge to open that October, but construction bids came in well over budget, and by September 1977 the work had been put off to the spring and summer of 1978, leaving Upendo where it was. At the end of May 1982 UNC Dining Service closed Chase Cafeteria, citing planned renovations and few breakfast and lunch customers; South Campus residents, many of them Black, complained that they now had to walk to North Campus to eat, just as a new rule banned hot plates and frying in dorm rooms. On October 11, 1983 BSM president Sherrod Banks and Black Greek leaders held a press conference over plans to turn the renovated Chase Hall into a South Campus Union without consulting the groups that used the lounge; Vice Chancellor Harold Wallace said the promises of a 1976 memorandum on Chase Hall would be kept and the BSM would have space upstairs. In an October 24 letter Wallace, the BSM's faculty adviser, wrote that the 1976 decision to move Upendo to about 2,000 square feet on the second floor if Chase Hall were renovated was still valid, though Union director Howard Henry still said the BSM would get priority in all Chase meeting rooms but not a permanent Upendo room. On December 1 the Carolina Union Board of Directors voted 9 to 4, with one abstention, to give the BSM about 2,000 square feet in the renovated building, following a Chase Union advisory committee's recommendation; Henry said the decision was not final until the board set conditions, and Banks said Upendo and Black culture were inseparable. On February 23, 1984 the board accepted a revised proposal giving the BSM the Chase Union's large meeting room, about 2,000 square feet, as Upendo Lounge, with the BSM reserving it ahead of other groups each semester under a one-year trial to be reviewed by February 1985; a memo from Vice Chancellor Donald A. Boulton told the board that meetings with Black students, faculty and staff had begun on developing a Black Cultural Center. The South Union, with games, television, snack machines and meeting rooms for South Campus residents, opened on the second floor of Chase Hall on August 27, 1984, the first day of classes; the BSM and ROTC had first call on its meeting rooms, and a cafeteria was planned for the first floor. After a long renovation, Upendo Lounge reopened in the fall of 1984 on the second floor of the South Campus Union, no longer reserved for the BSM. Under Union rules Black organizations had priority for one test year if they booked ahead, and parties had to end by 2 a.m., which the Black Greek Council said would cut into its fund-raising. On April 9, 1985 the Carolina Union Board of Directors unanimously approved a revised Upendo Lounge policy giving the BSM permanent first claim on scheduling the lounge, replacing the one-year trial; a faculty member of the board negotiated wording that kept the BSM's priority while matching room size to group size and inviting other groups to use the lounge.
Further reading
No indexed work is about this storyline itself yet. These are the most widely held histories of the theme it is filed under, so they may not discuss it. Follow a link to find a copy or view the material.
Background on Black Life & Civil Rights · the most widely held histories of the theme this storyline is filed under; they may not discuss it
To Free A Family
Nathans, Sydney · 2012 · Harvard University Press
Sydney Nathans's biography of Mary Walker, an enslaved woman from Orange County who escaped to the North in the mid nineteenth century and spent the following decades in Cambridge, Massachusetts, working to free the family she had left behind. Chapter titles trace her flight, her years among Northern friends, a rescue plot, a long silence, and the reunion that gives the book its close. Published 2012 by Harvard University Press, 330 pages with 20 pages of plates, illustrations and maps.
Reviewed in Choice Reviews Online (2012), Civil War Book Review (2012).
Game Changers
Chansky, Art · 2016
Art Chansky's 2016 account of Dean Smith, Charlie Scott and the years that changed Chapel Hill as a Southern college town. Scott was the first Black scholarship player in the Carolina basketball program. Topics include civil rights, racism in sports and the university's twentieth-century history.
The Free Men
Ehle, Jr., John Marsden · 1965
John Ehle's account of the civil rights demonstrations in Chapel Hill in 1963 and 1964 and the young people who led them, first published by Harper & Row in 1965. This reprint from Lewisville, North Carolina adds an afterword by Wayne King. Civil rights and race relations in Chapel Hill are its subjects. 340 pages with illustrations and portraits.
To Drink from the Well: The Struggle for Racial Equality at the Nation’s Oldest University
Kapur, Geeta · 2021
Geeta Kapur's history of race at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, from the enslaved labor that built the campus through desegregation and the Black student protests that followed. Twelve chapters, with a foreword by William Barber II, move from the founding era and the Great Depression controversies to the state's response to integration and the turmoil of later decades; North Carolina Central University also figures. Published 2021 by Blair in Durham.
Frank Porter Graham and the 1950 Senate Race in North Carolina
Pleasants, Julian M.; Burns, Augustus M., III · 1990 · UNC Press
Julian M. Pleasants and Augustus M. Burns III on the 1950 Democratic Senate primary in North Carolina, in which Frank Porter Graham, the former president of the University of North Carolina, lost to Willis Smith after a campaign marked by race-baiting. Primaries, elections and race relations in the state are its subjects. Published by UNC Press in 1990, 356 pages with illustrations.
Reviewed in Choice Reviews Online (1991), The American Historical Review (1991), Journal of American History (1991), The Journal of Southern History (1992).
Ribbons of Color Along the Eno River
2021
Collected first-hand and second-hand stories from the Eno River valley as told from the standpoint of African Americans and Native people who have lived along the river in Orange and Durham counties, from prehistory to the present day. Issued by the Eno River Association in Durham as volume 10, number 2 of the Eno Journal, 2021, 106 pages with illustrations.
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The Impact of Slavery on the Education of Blacks in Orange County, North Carolina 1619-1970
Moore, Rosetta Austin · 2015
Rosetta Austin Moore's survey of Black education in Orange County from the colonial era to 1970, in a revised edition published in 2015 through Lulu in Morrisville. After chapters on slavery nationally and on schooling for enslaved people in North Carolina, the book turns to the county: its formation, the growth of its schools, the arrival of free public schooling for all, and the schools and African American educators of the twentieth century. 265 pages with maps, portraits and facsimiles.
A Mind to Stay: White Plantation, Black Homeland
Nathans, Sydney · 2017
Sydney Nathans's history of a Black community in Hale County, Alabama, whose founders were enslaved people sent there before the Civil War from the Cameron family's plantations in Orange County, North Carolina. Instead of following the Great Migration out of the South, this group stayed, moved from bondage to owning the land they had worked, and held onto it across generations. Published 2017, 342 pages with plates and maps; this is the e-book edition.
Reviewed in Journal of American History (2017), Journal of Social History (2017), London review of books (2017), The Journal of the Civil War Era (2018), The Journal of Southern History (2018), Environmental History (2018), The Alabama review (2019), The Oral History Review (2019), The Register - Kentucky Historical Society/The register of the Kentucky Historical Society (2020).
African Americans of Durham and Orange counties : an oral history
Bolduc, Jean · 2016 · The History Press
Jean Bolduc's collection of oral history interviews with Black residents of Durham and Orange counties, published by The History Press in 2016, 125 pages with photographs and portraits. The narrators are the poet Jaki Shelton Green, civil rights lawyer Floyd McKissick, Walter Jackson, Nate Davis, Brenda Stephens, Diane Wright, Jackie Wagstaff and Michelle Johnson, and a closing chapter deals with the Ku Klux Klan. The interviews document Black life and race relations in the two counties across the twentieth century.
Sitting In and Speaking Out: Student Movements in the American South, 1960-1970
Turner, Jeffrey A. · 2010 · The University of Georgia Press
Jeffrey A. Turner's study of student activism on Southern campuses between 1960 and 1970, arguing that the region's own movement has been overshadowed by attention to national groups such as SDS. Nine chapters move from the 1960 sit-ins through white students and desegregation, the rise of student power, Black Power on Black and white campuses, and the war's effect on the region. Chapel Hill is among the campuses treated. Published 2010, 366 pages, online edition.
Reviewed in Choice Reviews Online (2011), Journal of American History (2012).
Rogers Road
Pearce, Emily Eidenier · 2009
Emily Eidenier Pearce's history of Rogers Road, the historically African American neighborhood on the edge of Chapel Hill and Carrboro, and of what happened to it after Orange County opened its landfill next door in 1972. Drawing on interviews with residents, the book records the neighborhood's origins, family life, churches and customs, and then the environmental and social burdens of decades beside the landfill. Privately issued in 2009, 298 pages with illustrations, maps and portraits.
A Traitor and a Scoundrel: Benjamin Hedrick and the Cost of Dissent
Smith, Michael Thomas · 2003 · University of Delaware Press ; London : Associated University Presses
Michael Thomas Smith's biography of Benjamin Sherwood Hedrick, the University of North Carolina chemistry professor dismissed in 1856 after he declared support for the antislavery presidential candidate John C. Fremont. Published by University of Delaware Press in 2003, 216 pages with illustrations. Topics include abolitionists and dissenters in North Carolina, the antislavery movement in the state, and the university's biography before 1962.
Reviewed in The Journal of Southern History (2005).
