Native American students at UNC organized in the fall of 1974, first as the Native American Student Movement on the Black Student Movement's model, and were recognized in spring 1975 as the Carolina Indian Circle; by fall 1976 it had about 65 members. In April 1977 the circle held American Indian Cultural Week, at which Sioux author Vine Deloria Jr. spoke in Memorial Hall; circle leaders Kevin Maynor and Forest Hazel said the aim was to make white students aware of Indian people in the state. On November 13, 1985 members gathered signatures outside the Student Union on a petition urging UNC or the state to buy the 25-acre Hillsborough Archaeological District, where UNC archaeologists had worked since 1983; $120,000 was needed to buy the land.
On March 2, 1989 the circle wrote Chancellor Paul Hardin that UNC did not reflect North Carolina's Native American population, the largest east of the Mississippi, and asked for recruiting of Native American students, faculty and staff and a scholarship fund for Indian undergraduates. It counted one Native staff member and no Native faculty, and Native freshmen had fallen from 24 in 1987-88 to 14 in 1988-89. During the circle's Native American Culture Week later that month, Meherrin chief Pat Riddick spoke about his tribe's state recognition in July 1986. By September UNC had published a recruiting brochure the circle designed for Native American high school seniors, and circle president Cedric Woods pressed the University to hire Native American faculty and start a Native American studies program. In February 1990 a student government petition asking UNC to hire permanent Native American faculty and staff by 1992, passed around a political science class in Hamilton Hall, came back with signatures in invented, mocking Indian names; Woods called it a sign of racism on campus, and the minority affairs office planned to report it to the Affirmative Action Office. By February 15 UNC had hired Lumbee historian Adolph Dial, retired chairman of American Indian studies at Pembroke State University, to teach two of its first courses in Native American history as a visiting professor in 1990-91. The Daily Tar Heel called him the University's first Native American faculty member; Dial said UNC's graduate school had turned him away in the late 1940s because he was an Indian from Robeson County. On April 11 about 50 students gathered in the Pit and marched to the steps of South Building to press UNC to hire its first Native American faculty member, and Woods gave Chancellor Paul Hardin a packet listing 315 Native Americans with doctorates, with about 2,500 student signatures. By September the University had hired Randy Hill in speech communication as well as Dial in history, both as visiting professors; circle members said visiting status was not enough and called for active recruiting of permanent Native American faculty. Black Ink reported in 1996 that Anthony Locklear, who had joined the Office for Student Counseling as assistant dean about 1994, was the first Native American hired to an administrative post at UNC and was still the only one.
Reading on the places and people in this storyline
No indexed work is about this storyline itself yet. These are about the sites and people its dated events name, those named most often first, so they may discuss the storyline only in part. Follow a link to find a copy or view the material.
Oral history interview with Anne Queen, April 30, 1976 interview G-0049-1, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007).
Queen, Anne · 2007 · University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill
Anne Queen (1911-2005), director of the Campus Y at UNC, interviewed by Joseph Herzenberg on April 30, 1976 for the Southern Oral History Program. Queen grew up in Canton, North Carolina, in a working family, finished school in 1930 and spent ten years with Champion Paper and Fibre, where she came to identify with the New Deal Democrats and took an interest in labor. She also discusses Berea College, Yale Divinity School, and student political activity and civil rights work at Chapel Hill. Two hours thirty-eight minutes.
Oral history interview with Anne Queen, November 22, 1976: interview G-0049-2, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007)
Queen, Anne · 2007 · University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill
Second of two Southern Oral History Program interviews with Anne Queen (1911-2005), who came to Chapel Hill after years as an industrial worker and went on to direct the Campus YWCA-YMCA, a center of student activism. Recorded November 22, 1976, by Joseph Herzenberg, this hour-long conversation covers how Queen saw politics in the South and the nation change through the mid-twentieth century, and student political activity at UNC. Published online in 2007 by the UNC-Chapel Hill Library in Documenting the American South.
Oral history interview with Daniel H. Pollitt, November 19, 1990: interview L-0048, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007)
Pollitt, Daniel H. · 2007 · University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill
Law professor Daniel H. Pollitt remembers Anne Queen (1911-2005), director of UNC's Campus Y, in a Southern Oral History Program interview recorded November 19, 1990, by Cindy Cheatham. Queen's commitment to social justice matched Pollitt's own work for racial equality and support of student activists, and he describes her Campus Y as the place where students concerned with civil rights in segregated Chapel Hill gathered and learned to organize. Published online in 2007 by the UNC-Chapel Hill Library in Documenting the American South.
Oral history interview with William C. Friday, December 18, 1990: interview L-0049, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007)
Friday, William C. · 2007 · University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill
William C. Friday, UNC system president from 1957 until 1986, was interviewed by Cindy Cheatham in December 1990 about Anne Queen (1911-2005). Queen came to the campus YWCA as associate director in 1956 and led the merged YMCA-YWCA from 1964 to 1975. Friday recalls working with her through the years of student political activity in Chapel Hill and reflects on the place of the Y in university life. About forty minutes; electronic edition from the UNC library, 2007, through Documenting the American South.
Wider background: Indigenous Peoples & Archaeology · the most widely held histories of the theme this storyline is filed under; they may not discuss it
Ribbons of Color Along the Eno River
2021
Collected first-hand and second-hand stories from the Eno River valley as told from the standpoint of African Americans and Native people who have lived along the river in Orange and Durham counties, from prehistory to the present day. Issued by the Eno River Association in Durham as volume 10, number 2 of the Eno Journal, 2021, 106 pages with illustrations.
American Indians in North Carolina: Geographic Interpretations
Ross, Thomas E. · 1999 · Karo Hollow Press
Thomas E. Ross's geographic study of American Indians in North Carolina. It examines Native peoples' history, cultural assimilation, and social and economic conditions across the state, with statistics. Published by Karo Hollow Press in 1999, eleven preliminary pages and 242 pages with illustrations and maps.
Eno: Reflections on Eno River State Park
McIntyre, Michael · 1993
Michael McIntyre's 23-minute documentary video on the Eno River and Eno River State Park, produced in Durham in 1993 with support from the Duke University Institute of the Arts. It covers the river's past, its geology and the effort to preserve it, including the Indigenous peoples of the Eno River region. The container credits it with the 1993 Hal Kammerer Film and Video Award at Duke. VHS videocassette, color with sound.
Beneath the ivory tower : the archaeology of academia
2010 · University Press of Florida
Collection of essays on campus archaeology in the United States, published by the University Press of Florida in 2010, xix and 341 pages with illustrations and maps. Chapters treat digs at Notre Dame, Harvard, South Carolina and other campuses. The Orange County connection is the chapter by R. P. Stephen Davis, Jr. and colleagues on excavations at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill.
Our People: Occaneechi Band of Saponi Nation
Knick, Stanley G. · 2008 · Native American Resource Center, UNC Pembroke
A 28-minute documentary video from the Native American Resource Center at UNC Pembroke in which members of the Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation speak about their history, culture and identity. Speakers include Tony Hayes, Forest Hazel, Vivette Jeffries-Logan, Sharn Jeffries, John Jeffries, Wanda Whitmore-Penner and Tammy Hayes Hill, and their words are set against photographs of the community's past and present. Produced by Stanley G. Knick and issued on DVD in 2008. Their ancestors' town stood on the Eno at present-day Hillsborough.
Completing the circle : the Hathcock Indian blood
Voncannon, Brian Everett · 1999 · Evening Storm Enterprises Publication
Brian Everett Voncannon compiled this family history of Occaneechi and Saponi descent through the Hathcock line, reaching back to Benjamin Franklin Hathcock. The 75 leaves, with illustrations, carry genealogy of the Hathcock and Vuncannon families alongside Occaneechi and Saponi history. Published in 1999 by Evening Storm Enterprises.
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Ghost Fields
Bradley, John · 2021
John Bradley's interview with John Blackfeather Jeffries, an elder of the Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation, whose tribal grounds lie in northern Orange County near Hillsborough. Occaneechi history and Native history in North Carolina and Virginia, the tribe's older homeland, are its subjects. Published in 2021.
The hidden campus : archaeological glimpses of UNC in the nineteenth century
Davis, R. P. Stephen, Jr., 1951- · 2015 · University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
R. P. Stephen Davis Jr. delivered this talk in Wilson Library on April 14, 2015 for the Gladys Hall Coates university history lecture series, and the university published it the same year. It reports on archaeology of the nineteenth century campus at Chapel Hill, including university buildings. Forty-six unnumbered pages with illustrations, maps, facsimiles and portraits, many in color.
Our heritage, our land, our people : celebrating 25 years of Occaneechi-Saponi cultural renewal.
2009 · Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation
Published by the Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation in 2009 to mark twenty-five years of cultural renewal, this booklet of 31 pages carries illustrations and maps, most of them in color. Topics include the band's social life and customs and the history of the Occaneechi in North Carolina in the twentieth century. The band's home ground lies in Orange and Alamance counties.
In the Heart of Tradition: The Eight State-Recognized Tribes of North Carolina
Knick, Stanley G. · 2005 · Native American Resource Center, UNC Pembroke
A 29-minute documentary video on the eight state-recognized Indian tribes of North Carolina and the North Carolina Commission of Indian Affairs, produced in 2005 by the Native American Resource Center at UNC Pembroke with Stanley G. Knick. Among the tribes covered are the Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation, whose home ground includes northern Orange County, along with the Lumbee, Coharie, Haliwa-Saponi, Meherrin, Waccamaw and Eastern Band of Cherokee. One DVD, sound and color.
Archaeological Investigations at the James Lee Love House on the University of North Carolina campus, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Boudreaux, Edmond A., III, 1971- · 2004 · Research Laboratories of Archaeology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Report by Edmond A. Boudreaux III on archaeological work at the James Lee Love House on the University of North Carolina campus, issued in 2004 by the Research Laboratories of Archaeology at Chapel Hill. It runs to vi and 109 pages with illustrations, maps and portraits. Topics include Chapel Hill antiquities, university buildings and town history, so the report documents what the excavation found.
An archaeological analysis of smoking pipes from three Indian communities on the North Carolina Piedmont, AD 1400 to 1700
Greene, Megan Elizabeth · 1998
Megan Elizabeth Greene's 1998 study of smoking pipes recovered from three Native American communities in the North Carolina Piedmont dating between about 1400 and 1700. The evidence includes material excavated at Hillsborough in Orange County. The study also concerns tobacco use among Indigenous peoples of North America. Bibliography on leaves 35 to 36.
