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Occoneechee Mountain State Natural Area

Occoneechee Mountain State Natural Area, 124 acres on Occoneechee Mountain just south of Hillsborough, was dedicated on July 20, 1999 after the Eno River Association and The Nature Conservancy urged the state to buy the land. In 1884 a Hillsborough doctor raised money to fix up picnic grounds and paths there to Sofa Rock and the Panther's Den.

Map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Site locations from the N.C. State Historic Preservation Office survey, Open Orange, Orange County GIS, OpenStreetMap and a few other published sources named on each site’s page; town and community pins show approximate locations.

People in its history

People named in events about this site, ordered by number of mentions. Each example links to an entry with a source citation.

Indexed works

Books, articles, records, and images about Occoneechee Mountain State Natural Area. Each has been reviewed for relevance; materials held at OCPL appear first.

About the site

Haiku hike : aiku hiku : Occoneechee 05-28-17

Lin, Emily · 2017 · Dodo Bookshop

Emily Lin's small artist's book of haiku and nature photographs from a hike at Occoneechee Mountain near Hillsborough on 28 May 2017. Issued as a zine by Dodo Bookshop that year, nine pages and three unnumbered with color illustrations, 17 centimeters.

Included because: The site is named in the title, catalog subjects, or description.

UNC

Occoneechee Mountain State Natural Area

2005

A 2005 map of Occoneechee Mountain State Natural Area, the preserve at the edge of Hillsborough where the Eno River passes the highest point in Orange County. Trails, boundaries and park facilities are what such a sheet shows. Covering parks in Hillsborough, it is a short field piece and not a narrative about the mountain.

Included because: The site is named in the title, catalog subjects, or description.

Occoneechee Mountain Park : how to get there.

1994

Printed in 1994, a single sheet street map of Hillsborough made to show the way to Occoneechee Mountain Park, with the park's location marked. It measures 28 by 22 centimeters.

Included because: The site is named in the title, catalog subjects, or description.

UNC

Occoneechee Mountain Park, Hillsborough, North Carolina

1994 · The Committee

A 1994 map of Occoneechee Mountain Park at Hillsborough, printed with a description of the park and its regulations on the verso. The sheet measures 19 by 25 cm. Published simply under the name of the committee behind it, it served as a handout for park visitors.

Included because: The site is named in the title, catalog subjects, or description.

UNC

A Strategy to Protect the Environmental and Cultural Values of Occoneechee Mountain in Orange County, North Carolina

Riley, R. Marina · 1994

R. Marina Riley's 1994 report proposing a strategy to protect the environmental and cultural values of Occoneechee Mountain, the rise beside the Eno at Hillsborough that is now a state natural area. 23 leaves.

Included because: The site is named in the title, catalog subjects, or description.

Occoneechee Mountain State Natural Area

North Carolina. Division of Parks and Recreation · 2022 · North Carolina State Parks

Trail map of Occoneechee Mountain State Natural Area in Orange County, issued by North Carolina State Parks in January 2022 at a scale of about 1:7,000.

Included because: The site is named in the title, catalog subjects, or description.

NC Digital Collections record courtesy of the North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources.

Surveys and maps of the area

Not about Occoneechee Mountain State Natural Area alone: the architectural surveys that cover its town or the county, and maps drawn while it stood. Several of the surveys can be read free online at NC Digital Collections.

Hillsborough architectural survey

Slane, Heather Wagner · 2017 · hmwPreservation

Survey of Hillsborough's historic buildings by Heather Wagner Slane of hmwPreservation, completed in September 2017. The 40-page report covers the town's architecture and history with color illustrations and maps.

Included because: A survey or map of the town or county where the site stands.

NC Digital Collections record courtesy of the North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources.

Time in place, place in time : history and sense of place in Hillsborough, North Carolina

Warren, Cheryl Davis · 2005

Cheryl Davis Warren's 2005 study of history and sense of place in Hillsborough, 216 leaves with illustrations, maps and a bibliography. Written as human geography, it treats the town's past alongside its social conditions and the ways residents understand where they live.

Included because: A survey or map of the town or county where the site stands.

UNC

Plan of the town of Hillsboro, taken in October 1863

1863

Plan of Hillsborough drawn in October 1863, showing the downtown blocks around the crossing of Tryon and Churton Streets, with the Eno River, spelled Enoe on the sheet.

Included because: A survey or map of the town or county where the site stands.

Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Hillsboro, Orange County, North Carolina.

1905

Fire insurance map of Hillsborough, spelled Hillsboro, drawn by the Sanborn Map Company in January 1905 on two sheets, from the Sanborn Maps collection.

Included because: A survey or map of the town or county where the site stands.

Birdseye View of Hillsboro, N.C. Looking East

1905 · A. C. Bosselman & Co., New York, N.Y

Bird's-eye view of Hillsborough looking east, with houses and industrial buildings, on a postcard published by A. C. Bosselman & Co. of New York about 1905 to 1915. Card number 11116.

Included because: A survey or map of the town or county where the site stands.

Found a book OCPL doesn’t own? You can often borrow it through interlibrary loan at OCPL.

Start at OCPL

    Where to look on the shelf

    These books don’t necessarily mention Occoneechee Mountain State Natural Area, but they cover where it stands, its kind of building and the land, family and burial records behind it, and they are where a search for a place like this usually goes next. All are at OCPL, most in the Wall Collection.

    Histories of the town and county

    • Start here · NC 975.656 LLO History of the Town of Hillsborough, 1754-1982 Lloyd, Allen Alexander · 1983

      A 1982 revision of Allen Alexander Lloyd's history of Hillsborough, now written with Pauline O. Lloyd and carried forward from the town's founding in 1754 to 1982. Published in Hillsborough by A. A. Lloyd, 310 pages with illustrations and a bibliography.

    • Rebecca Wall Collection · NC 975.656 HOLADAY Hillsborough Holaday, Chris · 2002

      J. Chris Holaday's Images of America volume on Hillsborough (Arcadia, 2002), built mostly from photographs and postcards. Chapters cover homes, churches and schools, business and industry, local people, scenes around town, and sports, entertainment and events.

    • Foundational · 975.656 RYAN Orange County Trio: Hillsborough, Chapel Hill, and Carrboro, North Carolina, Histories and Tour Guides Ryan, Elizabeth Shreve · 2004

      Elizabeth Shreve Ryan's combined histories and tour guides for Hillsborough, Chapel Hill and Carrboro, the three towns of Orange County, with the University of North Carolina treated alongside Chapel Hill. Each town gets a narrative history and a tour of its streets and buildings. Published by Chapel Hill Press in 2004, 369 pages with illustrations and maps.

    Buildings and surveys

    • Foundational · NC 720.975 BIS A Guide to the Historic Architecture of Piedmont North Carolina Bishir, Catherine W. · 2003

      Catherine W. Bishir and Michael T. Southern's field guide to the historic buildings of the North Carolina Piedmont, arranged county by county from Wake and Franklin in the east to Mecklenburg and Gaston in the west. The Orange County section takes in Hillsborough, Chapel Hill and Carrboro along with the rural county, with entries on individual buildings and maps for finding them. Published 2003, 596 pages with illustrations and maps.

    • Foundational · NC 720.975 HILLSBOR Hillsborough Historic District Inventory 2006

      An inventory of the buildings in the Hillsborough Historic District, dated 2006. It concerns historic buildings and the buildings and structures of Hillsborough. Useful for anyone checking a particular property in the town's historic district.

    • Start here · NC 720.975 BEL Photocensus: A Photographic Survey of Buildings in the Hillsborough, N.C. Historic District Built Before 1950 Bellinger, Susan McArtor · 1991

      Susan McArtor Bellinger's photographic survey of the buildings in the Hillsborough Historic District put up before 1950, self-published in Hillsborough in 1991. Arranged as a guidebook, it records houses and other structures in photographs. 142 pages with illustrations.

    Show 1 more
    • Rebecca Wall Collection · 917.565 DUL The Pelican Guide to Hillsborough, Historic Orange County, North Carolina Dula, Lucile Noell · 1989

      Lucile Noell Dula's guidebook to Hillsborough and its historic buildings, published by Pelican in 1989. It pairs a tour of the town with notes on its history, in 128 illustrated pages with a bibliography. Part of the Wall Local History Collection.

    Land, family and burial records

    • Foundational · NC 333.3 DUNAWAY Hillsborough, North Carolina History of Town Lots: The Complete Reference Guide Dunaway, Stewart E. · 2013

      Stewart E. Dunaway worked through Hillsborough, N.C., lot by lot, giving each town lot a synopsis of its history, a plat showing where it sits and transcripts of the deeds he could locate for it. The second issue runs to 720 pages with illustrations, maps and facsimiles.

    • Rebecca Wall Collection · NC 333.3 DUNAWAY Hillsborough, North Carolina History of Town Lots: Addendum 2015 Dunaway, Stewart E. · 2015

      Stewart E. Dunaway's 2015 addendum to his history of Hillsborough's town lots, adding deed records arranged by lot number and further town history, with the expansion of the 1890s covered for the first time. Self-published in North Carolina as version 1.0, 446 pages with illustrations, facsimiles and maps. Topics include deeds, court records, land titles and real property in Hillsborough.

    • Foundational · NC 333.3 IND An Index to the Town Lots of Hillsborough: Orange County, North Carolina 1982

      An index to the town lots of Hillsborough, Orange County, compiled in 1982 as a guide to the deeds and court records that trace each lot's ownership.

    In the chronology

    Storyline about this site, with a page of its own:

    1. A Hillsborough doctor has the picnic grounds and paths on Occoneechee Mountain put in order A Dr. Wilson raised money to fix up the picnic grounds near the mountain spring and the paths to Sofa Rock and the Panther's Den, so the town could reach them easily. The Orange County Observer thanked him for the people of Hillsboro. Orange County Observer (Hillsborough), June 14, 1884, p. 3 · Also: The News and Observer (Raleigh), April 6, 1884, p. 2
    2. The Southern Stone Company works a quarry on Occoneechee Mountain A quarry begun on the mountain in the late 1800s was run around the turn of the century by the Southern Stone Company of Culpeper, Virginia. Convicts did much of the work, and a narrow-gauge rail bed ran on three levels down to a rock crusher by the river. Quarrying went on at least until about 1910. R. Marina Riley, A Strategy to Protect the Environmental and Cultural Values of Occoneechee Mountain in Orange County, North Carolina (1994), scan p. 23
    3. More than a hundred state convicts arrive to quarry railroad ballast on Occoneechee Mountain Over a hundred convicts were brought from Mitchell County to Hillsborough to get out stone on Occoneechee Mountain for ballasting the North Carolina Railroad, and another gang came from Raleigh in February. Orange County Observer (Hillsborough), January 29, 1903, p. 3
    4. A guard kills a convict trying to escape from the Occoneechee Mountain stone works A white state convict named Stevens, serving thirty years for murder, was shot dead by a guard named Blake when he broke for liberty as the convicts went to dinner at the stone works on Occoneechee Mountain. Orange County Observer (Hillsborough), April 30, 1903, p. 3
    5. Heavy rain and wind wash out the railroad trestle over the Eno A storm of heavy rain and wind damaged crops across the county, washed away the Southern Railway trestle over the Eno at Occoneechee Mountain, carried off cordwood and damaged the brickyard of the Eno Cotton Mill, drowned one of Julian S. Carr's mules above the town bridge, and wrecked the bridge over New Hope Creek at Robson Station. People: Julian S. Carr Orange County Observer (Hillsborough), September 22, 1904, p. 3
    6. Italian laborers arrive to work the Occoneechee Mountain quarry Nearly thirty Italian workers came to Hillsboro to work in the Southern Broken Stone Company's quarry at Occoneechee Mountain. Orange County Observer (Hillsborough), August 16, 1906, p. 3
    7. Piedmont Minerals builds a pyrophyllite mine and plant at Occoneechee Mountain Piedmont Minerals Co. of Greensboro, an affiliate of a fire-brick maker, having bought 85 acres of the mountain a mile south of Hillsboro over four years, built a road and began putting up tanks, a 170-ton storage bin and a crusher to mine and clean the low-grade pyrophyllite ore, dumping waste in a nearby ravine. About 40 workers were expected at first, perhaps 100 if brick making came to the site. The News of Orange County (Hillsborough), October 8, 1959, p. 6
    8. Botanists list Occoneechee Mountain as a potential ecological natural landmark A. E. Radford and D. L. Martin included the mountain in their 1975 survey of potential ecological natural landmarks of the Piedmont. UNC botany graduate student R. David Whetstone then studied its north-facing slopes in 1974-1977 to confirm its value. R. Marina Riley, A Strategy to Protect the Environmental and Cultural Values of Occoneechee Mountain in Orange County, North Carolina (1994), scan p. 23
    9. A countywide inventory of natural areas singles out Occoneechee Mountain Dawson Sather and Stephen Hall's inventory of Orange County's natural areas and wildlife habitats, sponsored by the Triangle Land Conservancy and the state Natural Heritage Program, identified 64 sites, among them Occoneechee Mountain and four other places on the Eno outside the state park. R. Marina Riley, A Strategy to Protect the Environmental and Cultural Values of Occoneechee Mountain in Orange County, North Carolina (1994), scan p. 15
    10. The Eno River Association buys timber rights on Occoneechee Mountain To stop logging on about 96 acres along the summit, where the mountain's rarest plant communities grow, the association bought the timber rights the owners had sold to a timber company, holding them for 18 months while it negotiated to buy the land. R. Marina Riley, A Strategy to Protect the Environmental and Cultural Values of Occoneechee Mountain in Orange County, North Carolina (1994), scan p. 27
    11. Piedmont Minerals grants easements for an Occoneechee Mountain parking lot and trail The mining company, which owned about 40 acres on the mountain's north side, gave easements for a one-acre parking lot on the floodplain by SR 1148 and a narrow trail linking it to the Town of Hillsborough's 28-acre Occoneechee Park. R. Marina Riley, A Strategy to Protect the Environmental and Cultural Values of Occoneechee Mountain in Orange County, North Carolina (1994), scan p. 25
    12. Occoneechee Mountain becomes a State Natural Area At the urging of the Eno River Association and The Nature Conservancy, the state began buying land on Occoneechee Mountain just south of Hillsborough, with the Conservancy purchasing 96 acres for the state. The 124-acre Occoneechee Mountain State Natural Area was dedicated on July 20, 1999, with a blessing from an Occaneechi tribal member. Eno River Association: Occoneechee Mountain State Natural Area

    Open these in the chronology →

    Research sources

    Sources cited in this site’s history, National Register documents, and places to get research help. Research guide: Research a house or property.

    Background

    Historic sites, markers, and maps

    Records of the time 10

    Show all 10

    Collections and databases

    Local help 5

    Nearby

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    Two mice reading back to back against a leaf, with the hand-lettered words Friends of the Orange County Public Library
    Illustration by Caldecott Medalist Matthew Cordell, gifted to the Friends 2026